1. 新青年应具备的品质;
2. 新青年应该如何做。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 内容充实、行文连贯;
3. 题目已给出,不计入总词数。
Chinese Youth of the New Era
Dear fellow students,
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2 . The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
1. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?A.Take an examination alone. | B.Share their treats with others. |
C.Delay eating for fifteen minutes. | D.Show respect for the researchers. |
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites | B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs |
C.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit | D.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains |
A.Be selective information consumers. | B.Absorb new information readily. |
C.Use diverse information sources. | D.Protect the information environment. |
A.Eat Less, Read More | B.The Later, the Better |
C.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups | D.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans |
3 . Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will, and the skill, to deal with ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room,” says a teacher. “So many of our conflicts are because kids don’t know how to solve a problem by formal discussion.”
And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent discontent (不满) that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional conflicts occur about once a week, the university’s director of housing education says, “Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don’t have the person-to-person discussions and they don’t know how to handle them.” The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to improve, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators guess that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent (发泄) in a text? “Things are posted on someone’s wall on Facebook like: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,” says Dana Pysz, an assistant director at the University of California, Los Angeles. “It’s a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more conflicts as complaints go public.” In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even deal with noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere (干涉) on campus.
1. What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts?A.Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems. |
B.Students are not satisfied with each other. |
C.Housing directors are not responsible for them. |
D.Students are not strong-willed. |
A.Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction. |
B.Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week. |
C.Not all students are able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate. |
D.The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased in the past five years. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Indifferent. | C.Supportive. | D.Unclear. |
A.They should be involved in their children’s life on campus. |
B.They should deal with their children’s problems in their whole lives. |
C.They should constantly contact the administrators of the college. |
D.They should teach their children the skills to tackle the conflicts. |
4 . Many of us are lonelier than ever. We can go shopping and avoid speaking to a single person. Automated voice son phones and machines suck the contact and relational element out of day-to-day life, so much so that experts say that we are experiencing a loneliness disease.
According to Dr. Lalitaa, loneliness is the feeling we get when our need for rewarding social contact and relationships is not met. But loneliness is not always the same as being alone. Loneliness is a state of mind linked to wanting human contact but feeling alone. People can be alone and not feel lonely, or they can have contact with people and still experience feelings of loneliness.
Loneliness is a universal human emotion that is both complex and unique to each individual. There are many contributing factors to loneliness, such as illness, relationships breaking down, moving country, changing jobs or not being understood by co-workers, retiring, starting university, etc.
We cannot underestimate the impact loneliness can have on our physical and mental wellbeing. According to research, loneliness has comparable health risks to smoking 15cigarettes a day, and people who feel lonely are more likely to die earlier and suffer from heart attacks. Dr. Lalitaa says, “People often say to me, ‘It’s too late to meet new people as an adult.’ Having human connect ion can look different for each person, but this can become a block, stopping them going out, trying new things and connecting with new people. Remember, it is never too late to make good, meaningful connections.”
However, don’t put pressure on yourself. A meaningful relationship takes time. It is not just created overnight. Also, take some time to sit with yourself and venture (冒险) into some of the things that you like doing. “The first thing I would say is not to deny or distance the feeling. Acknowledge it and then you can choose to focus on ways to help yourself,” says Dr.Lalitaa.
1. How does the author clarify what loneliness is?A.By stating arguments. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By making comparisons. | D.By employing figures. |
A.To explain the causes of loneliness. |
B.To illustrate the harm from loneliness. |
C.To overestimate the impact of loneliness. |
D.To emphasize the universality of loneliness. |
A.Lack of appealing reward. |
B.Dependence on the network. |
C.The regret for the passing youth. |
D.The idea of being too late for new relations. |
A.Having new experience. |
B.Telling it from being alone. |
C.Being aware of and recognizing it. |
D.Making friends from all walks of life. |
5 . Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all. For the last month, a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away. Made by ANA Holdings Inc., it looks like a vacuum cleaner with an iPad attached. But the screen displays the daughter’s face as they chat, and its wheels let her move about the house as though she’s really there.
“Virtual travel” is nothing new, of course. Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been stimulating the senses of armchair tourists for centuries. It’s only in recent decades that frequent, safe travel has become available to the non- wealthy.
Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seat, there are signs of a post-travel society emerging. Concerns about environmental sustainability cause loss to airlines which release much carbon. And the aging of abundant societies is both restricting physical travel and creating demand for alternative ways to experience the world. For the travel industry, virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trends.
Of course, new technologies encourage far-out claims. ANA doesn’t plan to start selling Avatars until next year. Profits, too, will probably be difficult to make: By one estimate, the global market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023. By contrast, ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year.
But if the business value for virtual vacations is still weak, the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to only expand. ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon, but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future.
1. Why does the author use the example of a couple interacting with a robot?A.To show the Japanese are crazy about travel. |
B.To indicate virtual travel begins to enter people’s real life. |
C.To show the couple are very enthusiastic over robots. |
D.To express the close relationship between the couple and their daughter. |
A.Storytellers, travel writers and artists have been using it for centuries. |
B.Frequent and safe travel has become available to the ordinary people. |
C.People are worried about the air pollution caused by airlines. |
D.More and more people lose interest in travel. |
A.Visibility. | B.Availability. |
C.insignificance. | D.Continuousness |
A.Your Next Travel May Be Virtual. |
B.Easy Travel in the Future. |
C.Virtual Travel Benefits. |
D.Air Travel Disappearing. |
6 . A recent study on parents who beat their children indicated that physical punishment still happens far more frequently than previously (先前地) thought but that physical punishment was ineffective. 73 percent of the children who were hit waited less than 10 minutes before acting out again.
Many parents deal with their children’s mistakes by taking away toys and separating them fro their playmates. But for strong-willed kids like I was,none of these methods were effective.
Like many kids, I wasn’t bad; I was bored. Fortunately, my father realized this fairly early an developed a new form of “discipline (原则)” that produced immediate results and long-term positive effects.
Looking back as an adult, my father’s method of making me read the encyclopedia (百科全书) whenever I did something wrong was the best thing he could have done.
He would tell me a topic and say, “Learn about the aardvark (土豚) and I’m going to test you shortly after.” It was punishment in the sense that I was forced to stop whatever I was doing, but it also had a purpose in that it kept my mind occupied and presented the type of mental challenge I clearly lacked.
Although unwillingly, I went to learn absolutely everything there to know about aardvarks because I was going to figure out every question he could throw at me. If it weren’t for my driving need to prove him wrong, it may not have worked as well as it did.
So that’s just it: It was effective. It helped me change my behavior in that moment and it conditioned me to seek out books when I was bored. Obviously, that happened frequently and apparently and it worked. I grew up to become a successful lawyer and a famous writer as well.
To this day, Dad’s the only one who can beat me.
1. What is the probable main idea of Paragraph 1?A.It reports the result of a recent study about the encyclopedia. |
B.Physical punishment is useless to deal with children. |
C.Physical punishment only happened previously. |
D.73 percent of the children love physical punishment |
A.Because they produce immediate results and long-term positive effects. |
B.Because they prefer to break the “discipline” set by their parents. |
C.Because they are always regarded as bad kids both at home. |
D.Because they often find it’s boring in their everyday life. |
A.His father angrily took away his favorite toys. |
B.His father separated him from his playmates. |
C.His father forced him to do some reading and tested him later. |
D.His father ordered him to learn about the aardvark and quizzed him shortly after. |
A.Children who are mentally challenged are more likely to be successful. |
B.Parents ought to develop a new form of physical punishment to educate their kids. |
C.It’s absolutely necessary to punish strong-willed kids physically. |
D.The stricter parents are, the fewer mistakes children will make. |
7 . Researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) published their latest report. When men expressed their opinions with anger, people considered them more believable. But when women expressed anger, they were viewed as more emotional (情绪化) and, thus, less trustable. In other words, a man could benefit from using anger in power and persuasion. A woman, however, could be ignored or hurt by her group if she expressed anger.
The study was based on the responses of 210 students. They were shown evidence online from a murder (谋杀) trial. A man was said to have murdered his wife. The students were asked to decide if the man was guilty or not. Before making their decisions, the students discussed the case online with five jurors (陪审员). But these jurors were computers responses and comments. Some of the jurors had male identities. Others had female identities.
Some male jurors were angry about the verdict (裁决). When this happened, the students reacted by doubting their own decisions about the case. Confidence in their responses on the verdict dropped. However, when female jurors seemed angry, the students became more confident in their original verdicts.
Jessica Salerno, a psychologist and co-author of the study, said, “Our results provide something important for any woman who is trying to have an influence on a decision in her workplace and everyday life.”
In a political debate, a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger. In the entertainment world, actor Jennifer Lawrence recently wrote that women and men in Hollywood get the opposite reactions when expressing their opinions angrily. “All I hear and see are men speaking their opinions,” she wrote. “When I give mine in the quite similar manner, you would have thought I said something annoying”.
1. What’s the new finding from the ASU report?A.Men usually do harm to angry women. |
B.Women are more likely to become angry. |
C.People prefer to believe the angry women. |
D.Angry men appear to gain influence in a group. |
A.Male jurors agreed with them. |
B.They became angry with the jurors. |
C.Angry female jurors didn’t agree with them. |
D.Angry male jurors showed opposite opinions. |
A.It helps women avoid losing influence. |
B.It asks men to get away from angry women. |
C.It causes men to change their attitude to women. |
D.It shows men and women should be treated equally. |
A.By showing differences. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By presenting research findings. | D.By setting down general rules. |
There are not many nations that can say their national dish has become international.
The word “pizza” came from the Latin word “pinsa” meaning flatbread. Long ago, pieces of flatbread, topped with mushrooms and herbs (香料), were a simple and tasty meal. They were mostly for those who didn’t have enough money to buy plates, or who were on the go. In the 18th century, Naples, in southern Italy, had become one of the largest cities in Europe, and it was growing fast. Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work.
It was in America that pizza found its second home.
For a lot of people in western countries, when they cannot decide what to eat, they order pizzas.
A. Nobody knows where pizza came from.
B. Italy has two such dishes, spaghetti and pizza.
C. They needed food that was cheap and easy to eat.
D. In 1905, the first pizzeria, Lombardi’s, was opened in New York City.
9 . There are many people in the world now. There will be even
The moon is the satellite of the earth. Maybe man will go to live on the moon one day.
A.more | B.most | C.less | D.better |
A.to | B.at | C.with | D.for |
A.standing | B.sitting | C.sleeping | D.doing |
A.measures | B.medicine | C.policy | D.tools |
A.puzzle | B.accident | C.question | D.problem |
A.Greece | B.Japanese | C.Englishmen | D.Russians |
A.be | B.is | C.reached | D.was |
A.farmers | B.teachers | C.workers | D.scientists |
A.may | B.have to | C.can | D.will |
A.before | B.after | C.since | D.till |
注意:1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息;
2.可以适当增加细节,使行文连贯;
3.词数100左右;开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Different Views on Taking Many Extracurricular Classes | |
Agreement | Disagreement |
·They will have more chances to show their talents. ·They can also make friends. ·They can improve their ability in other aspects. | ·They think many extracurricular classes will make them busier and tired. ·That will influence their school work. |
Your opinion... |
Recently our class holds a discussion about whether it is necessary for students to take many extracurricular classes. Different students hold different opinions about it.
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