1.食物浪费的现状及危害；2.“光盘行动”的措施；3.倡议大家共同行动。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总数。
Good morning, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thank you!
2 . Looking out of the window of his truck, Bob Fitzgerald sees dying forests and empty farmland. Fitzgerald says the land has been in his family since the 17th century. “I can show you land around here that people grew tomatoes on when I was a little boy. And now it’s gone.”
Climate change is making things worse. As sea levels rise, salt water is entering rivers and other waterways. As a result, the land is becoming too salty for crops to grow on. Hundreds of millions of people will be forced to move inland because of rising waters.
Kate Tully, a researcher in the University of Maryland, wants to keep coastal farmers in business as the seas rise. She has seen the forests filled with pine trees killed by the increasingly salty soil. The United States Department of Agriculture gave Tully and other researchers $1.1 million to study the problem. She and her team hope to give farmers ways to stay on their land.
They are testing different crops on pieces of land around the Eastern Shore. “Sorghum (高粱) is my new favorite crop because it can grow without rain and it can grow with lots of rain.” The grain (谷物) crop may be a good choice to feed the nearly 600 million chickens kept in the area each year. As farmers know, chickens can deal with salt, dry weather conditions and heavy rains. Yet just being able to grow a crop is not enough. The crop has to bring in money.
Some people believe the land should be given back to nature. They say the fields should be turned into wetlands, which are popular with duck hunters. “There’s money in duck hunting,” Tully said. “Hunting organizations will pay farmers for hunting on their land. Farmers could make a lot of money from duck hunting.”
Tully and her team are just getting started. It will be a few years before they really understand how to save the farms.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To lead to the main topic. | B．To describe the farm scenery. |
| C．To illustrate a memorable experience. | D．To provide the background information. |
| A．To help farmers stay on their land. | B．To study new crops for coastal farmers. |
| C．To study climate change in recent years. | D．To help farmers start their own business. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Doubtful. | C．Positive. | D．Negative. |
| A．Climate Change Making Things Worse. | B．Rising Seas Forcing Changes on Farms. |
| C．Coastal Farmers Saving Their Homeland. | D．Scientists Teaching Farmers to Plant Crops. |
3 . More than 50 million people in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere follow pastoralism(游牧) as a way of life. The practice has survived for so long because it is designed to change with the environment. Pastoralists move with animals to find new lands and water, leaving behind eaten plants to regrow.
Mongolia is well known for its pastoralism. Agvaantogtokh and his family are herders(牧民). On horseback, he rides with nearly a thousand sheep and goats to help them find water. Sometimes, he and his wife, Nurmaa, stop to help struggling young ones, weak after a difficult winter.
For families like Agvaantogtokh’s, pastoralism is more than a profession. It is a cultural identity that connects generations. At its heart is the human connection to animals. While they consider the animals as their property, they also see them as living beings working alongside them.
Researchers say herders believe in “animal agency”. Agvaantogtokh lets his animals choose the food they eat and where they find water. To him, restricting an animal’s movement and asking it to eat the same thing each day is like putting a person in prison.
In Mongolia, weather extremes are a part of life. When Agvaantogtokh thinks about climate change, he is concerned about humans and animals. Continuous dry and warm weather affects Mongolia. Since 1940, the government says, average temperatures have risen 2.2 degrees Celsius. To keep their practice alive, pastoralists seek ways to modernize. In Mongolia, Lkhaebum recently began using a small vehicle to more easily search for horses. The family uses electricity and has other technologies including a TV and a washing machine. They also use a cellphone to follow the weather and access social media where herders share information.
One of the biggest threats to pastoralism comes from within. Nurmaa and Agvaantogtokh’s 18-year-old daughter studies medicine. Their son spoke about becoming a herder when he was a child, but not anymore. “I won’t regret anything if my child won’t be a herder,” Nurmaa said. “I would like them to do what they desire to do.”
1. What contributes to the survival of pastoralism?| A．Huge pastoralist populations. | B．Adaptation to the environment. |
| C．Herders’ desire to travel to new places. | D．Slow development of modernization. |
| A．The distinct identity of animals. | B．A poorly-paid profession. |
| C．An out-of-date lifestyle. | D．The bond between man and animals. |
| A．Animals’ living in cages. | B．Animals’ eating the same thing. |
| C．Animals’ struggling in shelters. | D．Animals’ moving around freely. |
| A．Modern technology. | B．No government support. |
| C．Young people’s disinterest in it. | D．Lack of information exchange. |
4 . Just wanting a hamburger, Hembert Figueroa was surprised to learn the dollar bills in his pocket were no good at Dos Toros Taqueria in Manhattan.
Figueroa, an ironworker, had to stand to the side, holding his hamburger, until a cashier helped him find another customer willing to pay for his meal with a card in exchange for cash. “I had money but I couldn’t pay,” he said.
Cash-free stores are causing a backlash among some activists who say the practice looks down upon people like Figueroa, who either lack bank accounts or rely on cash for many transactions (交易).
Supporters for banning cashless stores worry that technology is moving too fast for the 6.5% of American households—8.4 million—that do not have a bank account.
Business owners who go cashless say they are following the lead of majority of customers who are abandoning cash payments. Retailers are under pressure to satisfy customers with higher expectations for fast and convenient service, driven by companies like Amazon and Uber.
Leo Kremer, co-worker of Dos Toros, said the amount of cash transactions at his stores fell from about 50% a decade ago to 15% last year. Cash transactions made handling cash especially troublesome. Before going cashless, Dos Toros locations were robbed twice.
Financial experts who work with low-income people caution against making assumptions about the shopping preferences or buying power of those who rely on cash. Justine Zinkin, CEO of Neighborhood Trust Financial Partners, said the greater urgency in the digital time is finding ways to better include low-income people in the banking system, such as urging banks to offer no-fee starter accounts and encouraging banks to open branches in underserved areas.
1. What trouble was Hembert Figueroa faced with at Dos Toros Taqueria?| A．He failed to find a cashier for help. | B．He couldn’t make a deal with cash. |
| C．He took no money or a card with him. | D．He was caught carrying false bank notes. |
| A．Strong disagreement. | B．Warm welcome. | C．Heated debate. | D．High expectation. |
| A．Making regulations to ban cashless stores. |
| B．Raising the buying power of low-income people. |
| C．Finding ways for banks to adapt with the digital time. |
| D．Making banks more accessible to low-income people. |
| A．An introduction of cashless stores, a new form of transaction. |
| B．An introduction of cashless stores, a production of new technology. |
| C．A discussion about whether cashless stores are lawful. |
| D．A discussion about whether cashless stores should be banned. |
Recent studies show that the amount of time people spend looking at screens is rising. We live in an era where mass media is
For example, advertisements often feature beautiful,
So be a critical mass media reader.
6 . Maggie Perkins had been working as a teacher in Georgia for nearly five years before she decided to “quietly quit” her job. The decision didn’t mean leaving her position, but rather limiting her work to her contract(合同) hours, nothing more and nothing less.
Perkins joins a larger online community of workers who have been sharing their experiences on TikTok. But as “quiet quitters” defend their choice to take a step back from work, company managers and workplace experts argue that although doing less might feel good in the short term, it could harm their career and their company in the long run.
In the wake of the global pandemic and the following Great Resignation, employees began to reimagine what work could look like. Gallup’s State of the Global Workplace report in June found job dissatisfaction being at an all-time high. Disengaged(工作不投入的) workers cost the global economy about $7.8 trillion in lost productivity.
But with worries of an economic slowdown, and falling worker productivity, Johnny C. Taylor Jr., president and CEO of the Society for Human Resource Management, warns that anyone who tells their business leader they are a quiet quitter is likely not to have a job for very long. He says companies have become sensitive to worker burnout, especially for employees who are working from home.
Gergo Vari, CEO of the job board Lensa, suggests another choice for quiet quitting: “loudly persisting(坚持)” . That is, allowing employees to speak up about how their organization can serve their goals. “When you loudly persist, you have a sense of belonging and have a share in where the company is going,” he says.
Career coach Allison Peck says she views “quiet quitting” as a sign of employees not connecting to their work or managers. Her career advice for quiet quitters is to take even braver action. “Finding a new job, manager, team, or company that better fits you can improve your attitude towards work,” she says.
1. What will “quiet quitters” do in real life?| A．They quit their jobs. | B．They work part-time. |
| C．They hate their jobs. | D．They refuse extra work. |
| A．A global economic loss. | B．Less competition at work. |
| C．Conflicts between colleagues. | D．A shortage of labor on the market. |
| A．Those working at home. | B．Those taking several jobs. |
| C．Those just returning to offices. | D．Those sticking to their duties. |
| A．Find a more suitable job. | B．Improve their work efficiency. |
| C．Get along with their colleagues. | D．Speak up about their demand for the company. |
7 . Three lifeguards were hailed as (被誉为) heroes last night after they rescued dozens of teenagers from the sea. The quick action and bravery of the lifeguards saved several of the youngsters from certain death.
The group of thirty-six youngsters were on an outdoor activity holiday in West Wales. On Saturday afternoon, the group, accompanied by four adults, went down to the sea. Some of them did not know how to swim and had never seen the sea before the trip. They were taking part in an exercise to help build confidence and teamwork. As part of the exercise they were walking backwards into the sea. At the time the tide (海潮) was out and the water was not deep. The tide began to come in and the group started walking back to dry land. Suddenly the sandbank underneath them collapsed (坍塌) and the sea flooded in. Some of the teenagers were soon in dangerous waters.
Fortunately, three lifeguards were nearby and came to the rescue. David Miller, manager for the local coastguard, said that although the sea was fairly shallow, it was still very dangerous in that sea. “It is just fortunate that the brave lifeguards were quickly on the scene and lucky that lives were not lost,” he added.
1. Why were the three lifeguards hailed as heroes?| A．They worked hard in their holidays. | B．They won the first prize in a show. |
| C．They did well in their outdoor training. | D．They saved some youngsters from death. |
| A．To build confidence and teamwork. | B．To learn how to swim. |
| C．To fish in the sea. | D．To watch the tides. |
| A．Three lifeguards. | B．The local people. |
| C．Some teenagers. | D．David and his friends. |
| A．A speech. | B．A news report. | C．A letter. | D．A medical report. |
8 . Haley Curfman, 25, of Blackwell, Oklahoma, is a teacher at Blackwell Public School and last year she bought a plain(朴素的) white dress, which she set up a station in her classroom for her students to decorate, encouraging them to go and draw on the dress whenever they had free time. Haley set up a station at a table with the dress and some colored markers so that her students could draw on it, having first seen the idea on Pinterest.
After the kids had finished the design, she then surprised them all by wearing the dress to class, sharing pictures of herself in it on Facebook in a post that has since been shared over 200, 000 times.
For teachers looking to do something similar for their own students, Haley said that she bought the dress off Amazon for less than $ 20 about six months ago and pre-washed the dress before she started the project. She used markers from Walmart. But she said these things can be bought in other places. She said, “To do the project, I set up a station at a table with the dress and markers. It takes anywhere from two weeks to a month to complete as we just work on it here and there when time allows. You'd better give the students enough time so they don't have to hurry.”
“Teachers have been sharing their dresses, T-shirts, etc. with me that they've been creating since the 1950s with the same idea. It is amazing, and I love the fact that you are sharing them with me! Thank you all so much for your kindness and support,” she wrote on Facebook.
Asked why she came up with the idea, Haley told Scary Mommy. “We don't have art in our school, so, I always try to do little creative projects when possible.”
1. What did Haley use the plain white dress to do?| A．To teach her students painting. |
| B．To prepare for her presentation. |
| C．To ask her students to draw on it. |
| D．To help her students with their homework. |
| A．It took Haley by surprise. | B．It is kept by Haley at home. |
| C．It is the product of a new idea. | D．It has enjoyed popularity online. |
| A．Buy the same dress online. | B．Give the kids enough time. |
| C．Buy the same markers in Walmart. | D．Leave the finished work untouched. |
| A．To teach art to her students. | B．To show her idea on Pinterest. |
| C．To share it with other teachers. | D．To excite her students' creativity. |
9 . People from all walks of life tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.
The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, "They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation."
Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.
Dr. Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. "If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking," said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not completely new. "In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely."
Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. " If you don’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to."
1. What is the subject discussed in this passage?| A．How to communicate using email. |
| B．How to solve a problem using email. |
| C．How people open up when emailing. |
| D．How people do research studies when emailing. |
| A．They couldn’t see each other |
| B．They didn’t talk about very personal things |
| C．The cameras on the computers were turned on |
| D．They had to discuss a question |
| A．The telegraph. | B．Emailing. |
| C．The computer. | D．Face-to-face talk. |
| A．We should focus on ourselves when emailing. |
| B．We should talk more freely in emails than usual. |
| C．We should discuss any subject when emailing. |
| D．We should consider how to use email at work. |
Students have responsibility to learn well and pay more attention to
The ideal student
When research is distributed, the professor expects the student to take it
