1 . New research from the University of Portsmouth has shown a marked increase in shipping in the North East Atlantic. Scientists now warn that more monitoring is required to help protect sea life.
Researchers at the University of Ponsmouth have discovered that rates (率) of shipping in the North East Atlantic area rose by 34 per cent in a five-year period. The research is the first detailed survey of shipping activity in the North East Atlantic. Researchers used data from over 530 million vessel (船) positions recorded by Automatic Identification System(AIS). They looked at the change in shipping between 2013 and 2017 across ten different vessel types. In total the study area covered 1.1 million km², including waters off Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany,Iceland, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal. Spain, and the UK.
Lead author, James Robbins said: “This change is likely to put more pressure on the marine (海洋的) environment, and may influence the protection of at-risk species. Renewed monitoring effort is needed to make sure that protective measures are enough to save species under threat in a changing environment.”
Some of the greatest shipping increases were found in areas close to the Spanish coast. The Espacio Marino de la Costa da Morte saw a rise of 413 percent in vessel activity. It is an area used to protect seabirds.
Dr. Sarah Marley, Visiting Researcher at the University of Portsmouth, said: “Shipping is the most widespread human activity in our oceans, carrying a set of threats-from unnoticeable effects like underwater noise pollution to serious results when ships hit whales.”
Professor Alex Ford. from the University’s Institute of Marine Sciences, said: “Given the well-documented effects that shipping can have on the marine environment, it is necessary that this situation continues to be monitored-particularly in areas used to protect vulnerable (脆弱的) species which may already be under pressure.”
1. What can we say about the new research?| A．It started in 2013. | B．It is the first of its kind. |
| C．It was carried out by AIS. | D．It covers the whole Atlantic. |
| A．Rapid population growth. |
| B．Rising global temperatures. |
| C．The huge increase in shipping. |
| D．The disappearance of marine life. |
| A．Shipping plays an important role in the local economy. |
| B．Shipping can be a danger to the marine environment. |
| C．Noise pollution is closely related to human activity. |
| D．Marine areas should be monitored more carefully. |
| A．New waterways across the Atlantic |
| B．The shipping industry in the North East Atlantic |
| C．New research opens windows into life under the water |
| D．Sea life needs better protection from an increase in shipping |
2 . In 2020, Pink launched the world Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15, 000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” Most of them said regret was at least an occasional part of their life. Roughly 21 percent said they felt regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never felt regretful.
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme maybe even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sadness but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
Uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知的) feat. It requires that you go back to a past scene. Imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scene in mind, arrive at a different present — and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality. Not all regrets are the same, of course. Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of regret may involve just one combination.
Many connection regrets overlap (重叠) with moral regrets, which can come about after you go against your own values. For example, you may pride yourself on being a loving person, and thus regret not living up to this image in the relationship you harmed. Moral regrets can also involve (涉及) just yourself. Maybe you regret not living up to your commitment (承诺、保证) to your health when you ate a whole pizza or skipped the gym.
If not analyzed and managed, any variety of regret can be harmful to your health. Regret is linked to depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can have a bad effect on your immune system. But regret doesn’t have to be put aside and ignored.
1. What could be concluded from Pink’s research ?| A．Half of the people felt regretful. |
| B．Most people lived without regrets. |
| C．None could live a life without regrets. |
| D．The majority of the people had regrets. |
| A．Admit. | B．Destroy. | C．Treasure. | D．Advance. |
| A．The harm of moral regrets. |
| B．The importance of commitment. |
| C．The relationship between regrets and values. |
| D．The connection between reality and imagination. |
| A．Types of regrets. | B．Causes of regrets. |
| C．Benefits of experiencing regrets. | D．Ways of dealing with regrets. |
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| YOUTH NEWS News School Life Your View Sport |
| Should Museum Entry Be Free With International Museum Day coming up, today we are asking readers: Should museums be free or should people have to pay for a ticket? Let us know your view. Comments Museums are not only there for enjoyment; they are education. This is why they must be free. While museums need a huge amount of money to operate, let the wealthy pay for it. The idea of a person or child interested in art not being able to view it because of cost is wrong. Krista Chen(US)﹣Age 15 Free entry does not attract people or encourage them to appreciate art. Generally people respect things that are difficult or costly to get Museums should require regular visitors to pay a fee, but provide free tickets as prizes for high﹣achieving students who can appreciate them more. Fred Smith(New Zealand)﹣Age 14 Museums teach people about their past. This is part of our shared culture that should be available to everyone, rich or poor People should never be asked to pay an entrance fee. Rob Sanchez (Australia)﹣Age 17 There are no simple answers. Low ticket prices could help museums stay open. But companies and businessmen should also provide museums with more money and other support. They have a social responsibility too. Amber White (UK)﹣Age 16 I think museums and art galleries should all be free to the public. I do, however, think twice a year the museums should organize money﹣raising events to help pay for the cost of staying open. Li Mishao (China)﹣Age 15 |
| A．2. |
| B．3. |
| C．4. |
| D．5. |
| A．Krista Chen. |
| B．Fred Smith. |
| C．Rob Sanchez. |
| D．Li Mishao. |
| A．Students will then study harder. |
| B．Museums will attract more visitors. |
| C．Museums can make themselves more famous. |
| D．These students can better appreciate museums. |
| A．Businesses should offer museums more help. |
| B．People should only pay what they can afford. |
| C．Free entry doesn’t encourage visitors to museums. |
| D．Everybody should have a chance to visit museums. |
| A．It’s quite a new website. |
| B．It was started in Australia. |
| C．It’s generally for young readers. |
| D．It mainly discusses scientific topics. |
4 . Memory
What is your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you watched a television programme? Adults seldom call back events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four seldom remember any specific, personal experiences.
A variety of explanations have been suggested by psychologists (心理学家) for this “childhood amnesia”. Now Annette Simms, a psychologist of Riverdale University, offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else’s spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, fast forgotten impressions of them into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them. Without this verbal reinforcement (语言强化), children cannot form permanent memories of what they have experienced.
So why should personal memories depend so heavily on hearing them described? Dr. Simms presents evidence that the human mind organizes memories in that way. Children whose mothers talk with them about the day’s activities before bedtime tend to remember more of the day’s special event than those whose mothers don’t. Talking about an event in this way helps a child to remember it. And learning to organize memories as a continuous story is the key to a permanent mental “autobiography (自传)” of important life events. Dr. Simms suggests that we humans may be biologically programmed to turn our life experiences into a novel.
The key to creating this mental life story is language, says Dr. Simms. “Children learn to talk about the past,” she says. “Talking to others about their short-term memories of the past leads to the establishment (建立) of long-term memories.” One way it does this is by helping a child to recognize that the retelling of an experience is just the experience itself, recreated in the form of words. The child learns that this “word-description” of an experience can then be stored in the memory and called back at any time. But a child’s language skills are usually not ready for this until the age of three or four, so they have no way to remember the earliest of their experiences.
1. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?| A．Children need to discuss experiences with their parents. |
| B．Why can’t we remember the events of early childhood? |
| C．Adults can’t remember things as well as children. |
| D．What are memories of early childhood like? |
| A．A mental life story. | B．A childhood memory. | C．Inability to remember. | D．Researches on memory. |
| A．talk about them with others | B．grow older than three or four |
| C．write a story in their own language | D．have a good relationship with their parents |
| A．can’t call back their experiences | B．have nowhere to store the memories |
| C．haven’t developed enough language skills | D．confuse the memory with the experience itself |
Have you heard of community fridges? These are spaces
According to
The benefit of community fridges has never been clearer. In difficult times, with pretty much all costs increasing greatly, it is reassuring to know that
6 . When I first arrived in Santiago, Chile, and took a walk around the city center, one of the first things I noticed was how many street dogs there were.
On every corner there was a sleeping
The dogs are
There are an estimated 2.5 million street dogs in Chile and the canine (犬的) population is
The future of street dogs is
| A．man | B．cat | C．dog | D．boy |
| A．jumping | B．waiting | C．hesitating | D．refusing |
| A．partners | B．owners | C．toys | D．food |
| A．disappointed | B．nervous | C．shocked | D．angry |
| A．aggressive | B．thirsty | C．hungry | D．sensitive |
| A．lonely | B．weak | C．friendly | D．strong |
| A．controlled | B．accepted | C．caught | D．received |
| A．often | B．never | C．merely | D．barely |
| A．wear | B．make | C．change | D．sell |
| A．aging | B．raising | C．growing | D．declining |
| A．policy | B．position | C．behavior | D．situation |
| A．unacceptable | B．reasonable | C．unusual | D．interesting |
| A．diseases | B．fears | C．problems | D．questions |
| A．bite | B．breed | C．bark | D．grow |
| A．bright | B．different | C．promising | D．uncertain |
7 . Our teenagers are lonely. A new study by Harvard’s Making Caring Common (MCC) shows just how that feeling has been common and become serious during the past year when we had to keep the social distance. One year’s online learning and life in the bedrooms rather than the classrooms or dorm rooms can make teenagers feel lonelier than before. Teenagers have been more likely to be influenced by loneliness than older adults.
Experiencing loneliness is certainly sad, but it is also perilous. Researchers found that 63％ of the young were suffering from bad sleep, anxiety, and poor health during the lockdown(活动限 制 ) and that nearly a quarter had started or increased some bad habits, including smoking, drinking and staying up late to deal with their feelings.
About half of the young people in the study, who said they had felt lonely, explained that over the past weeks not one person had taken more than just a few minutes to ask how they had been lately. It made them feel they had no one who really cared about them. Their parents thought they had much free time after lessons and it seemed that they only worried whether their children could perform their schoolwork at the level they once did. They didn’t know the problem.
Sian Leah Beilock, the president of Barnard College, explains that young people depend on social media, which makes them especially weak to social media’s harms. She also suggests that fewer close friends may explain some of the feelings of loneliness. She reports that in 1985 the average American had three close friends with whom they could share important things about their lives. In 2004, that number had dropped to just two friends. And in 2019. one in five millennials(千禧一代) had no friends at all.
These levels of loneliness are heartbreaking. MCC suggests, as a nation, we first should focus on teaching the young to make meaningful connections between people and support them.
1. What is the finding of MCC’S study?| A．Every teenager has lonely moments. |
| B．Parent-child communication becomes less. |
| C．Teenagers care too much about others’ opinions. |
| D．Lockdown lifestyles increase teenagers’ loneliness. |
| A．Dangerous. | B．Funny. | C．Helpful. | D．Uncommon. |
| A．Their parents misunderstood them. |
| B．They found their schoolwork heavy. |
| C．They needed more care and attention. |
| D．Their online courses made them bored. |
| A．Teenagers are short of outdoor exercise. |
| B．Teenagers should make more close friends in real life. |
| C．Teenagers enjoy developing close relationships online. |
| D．Teenagers should avoid sharing important things online. |
8 . While food bank lines have grown longer, millions of pounds of produce are still going to waste. When several Stanford University students heard about the huge amount of food
That’s why they
“The farmers want to donate their surplus (盈余) Mood, but they can’t
That’s where FarmLink comes in. Funded by donations, they
Their first projects in April alone transported 50,000 pounds of onions and 10,000 eggs and
With so many devoted, caring individuals working
Talk about making a difference!
| A．wasted | B．served | C．consumed | D．donated |
| A．accept | B．wait | C．check | D．act |
| A．visited | B．controlled | C．created | D．studied |
| A．distributes | B．sells | C．shows | D．lends |
| A．refuse | B．decide | C．agree | D．afford |
| A．risks | B．costs | C．problems | D．debts |
| A．buy | B．enjoy | C．remove | D．cook |
| A．something | B．anything | C．everything | D．nothing |
| A．produced | B．provided | C．exchanged | D．tested |
| A．changed | B．stopped | C．combined | D．grew |
| A．goal | B．advice | C．choice | D．chance |
| A．tirelessly | B．independently | C．smoothly | D．critically |
| A．support | B．achieve | C．share | D．imagine |
| A．Instead of | B．Except for | C．As to | D．Thanks to |
| A．cold | B．blind | C．hungry | D．thirsty |
9 . Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?| A．They’re unfair. | B．They’re conservative. |
| C．They’re objective. | D．They’re strict. |
| A．They think themselves smart. |
| B．They look up to great thinkers. |
| C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. |
| D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs |
| A．Improved global communication. |
| B．Less discrimination against women. |
| C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. |
| D．Changes in people’s social positions. |
| A．Geniuses Think Alike | B．Genius Takes Many Forms |
| C．Genius and Intelligence | D．Genius and Luck |
10 . Here are a few examples of some things that parents can learn from children if they listen and make the most of their time together.
Technology: Whether it’s programming the DVR, texting or how to adapt to the latest Facebook layout (设计) change, most parents will find their children are at least one step ahead of them.
Trends: Many parents are shocked when they hear about new trends on the nightly news. From cyberbullying (网络欺凌) to teens abusing drugs, it’s important for parents to know what’s going on in the world their children live in. Develop an open and trusting relationship with your children.
Patience:
Forgiveness: When kids make mistakes—and they will—it’s important that parents learn how to forgive and move on in a positive way.
Wonder:
| A．Kids will make mistakes. |
| B．This is not an easy lesson. |
| C．Take an interest in technology. |
| D．Parents learn some important lessons from their children. |
| E．We encourage you to spend some quality time as a family. |
| F．So you can hear about these things from them—not the news. |
| G．Every day, try to see the world around you through a child’s eyes. |
