1 . Contact between adolescents (between the ages of 15 and 19) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures. However, the nature and the degree of such contact ________ a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with ________ or adults.

This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the ________separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has ________ contributed to (促成) the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which ________ age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a(n)________that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent ________ increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the ________ in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on society’s other cultures.

Research ________ the view that adolescent s spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily ________ and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, ________, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal (退出) from adults begins in ________ adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social ________ . Another important characteristic of adolescent peer________ is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision (监管) of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to ________ adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

2 . I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.

One morning I _________ a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its _________, so I jumped out of the tractor to _________ it while Don stayed in his seat.

Lamb and mother _________, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so _________ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. _________ Don had somehow made the _________move.

My heart froze in my chest as I _________ the tractor heading towards the _________. I ran desperately but failed to __________. It crashed through a wooden fence(栅栏)and disappeared. The__________thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.

Heart in mouth, I __________ the fence and looked over. The tractor was __________ against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the __________ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I __________ the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently__________, and ran back to me quickly.

The police __________ and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn’t quite believe my __________ it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been __________. Don was given a special __________ that night — I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.

5 . Have you ever volunteered for something? Why did you do it? How did you feel when you finished?_______arrive early, stay late, go without breaks, and always smile. They do a job without being paid and they are willing to offer _______. Can you imagine what would happen to our work_______ everybody did that job in the volunteer spirit of “I want to” rather than in the contractual (合同的) spirit of “I have to ”? Contracts require you to do what you have promised to do. Volunteerism _______ requires you too, yet it leads to higher productivity at the same time.

Imagine what a(n)_______would be like without volunteers. Consider the organizations that _______volunteers in every area throughout our country. Our life would be less satisfying if no volunteers selflessly offer their time while _______no pay—and often little or no recognition.

What is the force _______helping others? Volunteers find volunteering _______ personal skills. It ________us to productively use time. More________, it teaches us it isn’t ________what you have, but more often what you ________that matters most in life. It teaches us to place a greater value on what we contribute to society than on what we ________.

Through volunteering, we make more than just a living with our lives—we make a ________ and create “ordinary” miracles.

6 . An executive was driving his new car on a street.He was _______for kids rushing out from between parked cars.

_______his car passed, a brick hit the car’s side door.He pressed hard the brake and drove the car back to the_______ from where the brick had been thrown.

He jumped out of the car,_______ a kid and pushed him up against a parked car, shouting, “What was that all about and who are you?Just what the hell are you doing?”_______more and more angry, he went on “That brick you threw will_______much money. Why did it?” “Please, mister, please, I’m sorry. I didn’t know what else to do!”_______the youngster. “My brother fell out of the wheelchair and I can’t_______him up.” Sobbing, the boy asked, “Could you help me? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy.”

_______beyond words,the driver tried to__________the rapidly swelling lump(块)in his throat. He helped the young man back into the wheelchair and used a __________ wiped the scrapes(擦伤)and cuts,__________ everything would be okay.

“Thank you,” the little boy__________his brother to the sidewalk toward their home.

After that, he never did__________the side door in order to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your__________.

8 . Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make _________ , manage their environment, and lead rather than _________ . Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars Lightsabers(光剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two _________ ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”

“ _________ the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every _________ . It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance _________ they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.

Whether it’s inborn nature or developed _________ at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t _________ for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that _________ .

When a “bossy child” doesn’t learn limits at home, he is to face lots of troubles __________ the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble __________ teachers and coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty __________ as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.

“I see more and more parents giving up their __________ ,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as __________ as their own parents were. But they also feel less __________ about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.

10 . A former teacher who went on to join the navy (海军) discovered the influence his small act of kindness had on one student thanks to a chance meeting years later.

_______ the story online, the man said while _______ science in 2015, there was one girl who sat at the front of the class and was filled with typical middle school anxiety.

She was _______ and kept to herself, but was always writing in a _______ during lessons. He said: “I decided to see what she was _______.” “I'm tiny. I'm ugly. I'm _______. No one likes me. I hate myself. Etc.”

“Without thinking, I _______ the notebook from her and started writing in it. You're great. you're _______. you're intelligent. You're loved. The opposite of everything she wrote, then handed it back.”

He said neither of them made a big deal of it at the time, but she _______ started opening up to him, ________ more and coming out of her shell in class.

Fast forward a few ________, the teacher says he's now in the ________ and gets talking to a woman when serving on the other side of the country and they ________ they are from the same area.

They realize he had taught at the same ________ her cousin attended and she asked if he ________ teaching her.

After recounting (讲述) the story about the ________, the woman replied: “No freaking way. It is you. She still has that notebook. She ________ it time to time to get her through the ________ times.”

He wrote: “Teachers always talk about how rare it is to hear from ________ in the future about how they ________ them. I only taught for a few years but I really tried and really cared.”