1 . Life is full of uncertainties, and every activity we do carries some level of ________ . Some activities, like snowboarding (单板滑雪运动), often have a higher possibility of injury. Ian Steger ________ this firsthand when he had a serious snowboarding accident but he was so ________ that Francis Zuber passed by.

In March, Ian and a group of friends went on a snowboarding trip in Washington State. During their ________ , things took a dangerous turn. While moving through the trees, Ian fell backward and crashed into one, finding himself ________ in a deep hole of snow.

Ian explained the ________ , “When we entered the trees, they were so ________ together that we each had to find our own paths. Unluckily, the path I ________ led me straight into a big tree well.” Fearing the worst, Ian thought he was facing his   ________ moments. However, Francis Zuber, a skier, happened to pass by.

Francis saw a flash of red in the corner of his eye. He ________ a snowboard sticking out from the snow, which was ________ considering how far they were from any populated areas. Worried, Francis called out to Ian but didn’t receive any ________

Without hesitation (犹豫), Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from the snowy trap. In the end, he ________ it. Feeling extremely ________ , Ian hugged Francis, telling him, “I’m so glad you ________   my life today.”

3 . Contact between adolescents (between the ages of 15 and 19) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures. However, the nature and the degree of such contact ________ a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with ________ or adults.

This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the ________separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has ________ contributed to (促成) the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which ________ age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a(n)________that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent ________ increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the ________ in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on society’s other cultures.

Research ________ the view that adolescent s spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily ________ and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, ________, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal (退出) from adults begins in ________ adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social ________ . Another important characteristic of adolescent peer________ is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision (监管) of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to ________ adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

4 . Every week, Liu Fang, a 38-year-old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store specializing in selling near-expired(快过期的) food and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.

“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often _______ at 10 percent to 30 percent of the market price,” Liu said. “More importantly, most of them are from big _______. Why wouldn’t I love them?”

Liu is among the _______ number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much _______ prices. According to the latest report, the near-expired food industry had a _______ size of over 30 billion yuan in 2020. Young consumers aged between 26 and 35 _______ 47.8 percent.

Unlike the traditional _______ that buying such goods is embarrassing, more and more young people regard it as a kind of sustainable consumption that can help _______ food waste.

Indeed, food waste is a great _______ for China and other countries. According to a 2020 report, about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year in China’s urban catering industry(餐饮业).

As people’s lives improved greatly, many began to make or ________ more food than could be consumed, CGTN reported. But the trend of buying near-expired food may ________ that the Chinese virtue of frugality(节约)is ________ a comeback.

“I’ve been very frugal all my life. Living ________ a hard time of hunger(1959-61), I’m used to saving every ________ and every penny,” Li Mei, a retired woman born in the 1950s, told CGTN. “I’m happy to see more young people, who used to ________ extravagantly(奢侈地), joining our ranks.”

6 . It’s most people’s terrible dream: surviving (幸存) a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was _________ for four Colombian children, and in an unbelievable _________ of knowledge and willpower, they survived.

The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were _________ with their mother. They were going to visit their father in the capital city. Their plane experienced engine problems and _________ on May 1, 2023. For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from _________ the crash site. They found three adults there later, including the children’s mother, who were already _________.

How did these children survive conditions that would be _________ for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著) group and were _________ in the rainforest. As such, they have a complete _________ of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be __________. They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour that they found on the plane.

While the __________ got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. And after 40 days of __________, the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.

Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a __________, while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the __________ that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations.

Indigenous groups have a deep respect for the forest and, __________, their close connect ion to the rainforest helped the children to survive.

9 . Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate asking to have breakfast with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection shouldn’t include an —___________. In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better. ___________, it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is ___________.Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they ___________ a request.

Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different ___________ of social rejection. In one instance, the researchers asked people for their ___________ after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor ___________ an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were ___________. People were asked how they would ___________ if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more ___________ by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology.

Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was ___________ — even when they felt-like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of ___________, hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person ___________ feel better — even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse.

However, her research deals only with ___________ communication. A business situation might be very ___________. “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies maybe another case.”