2 . For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practise how to behave in an interview or how to find all internships(实习). In some countries, schools have programmes to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programmes are still few and far between.

Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years.The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.

In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.

But in America, education reform programmes focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education School professor Robert Schwartz has criticised education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.

Schwartz believed that the best career programmes encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.

However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16 to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.

“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job,” said Michael, a researcher in the US.

1. In the author’s opinion, American high school leavers      .

A．have enough career-related courses	B．need more career advice from their schools
C．perform better in exams than German students	D．can get higher earnings in later years

2. According to Robert Schwartz,      .

A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US

B．students should get contact with the working world at high school

C．education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams

D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience

3. What can be inferred from the text?

A．Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.

B．Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.

C．US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.

D．High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely.

3 . We all know what burnout (倦怠) is and why it’s bad. But fewer of us have heard of “boreout (闷爆)” — a related phenomenon that’s arguably just as harmful. “Boreout is different from burnout in the sense that bored-out employees rarely collapse from exhaustion. Bored-out people may be present physically but not in spirit, and people can keep doing this for a good while,” says Lotta Harju, who has studied boreout for years.

Workers who realize they’re experiencing boreout may also be unwilling to flag it up as an issue to managers or human resources. “While the behaviors that lead to burnout — overwork, driving oneself hard — are appreciated and rewarded by employers, boreout reflects a lack of interest and a lack of motivation,” says Harju. “These are not accepted in organizations.”

There are some quick fixes for boreout, like taking on work tasks that are more interesting to you. But a 2016 study Harju and her colleagues worked on showed that people who had boreout were less likely to engage in constructive activities like trying to find new, interesting challenges at work. What happens more often, she says, is that people will just show up at their desks and spend time shopping online, chatting with colleagues or planning other activities. She says that these people aren’t lazy, but are using these behaviours as “coping mechanisms”.

Fahri Ozsungur, an associate professor of economics at Mersin University, Turkey, who was behind the 2021 study on the health effects of boreout, points out that combating the phenomenon isn’t just down to the individual. “Giving meaning to the job is not just up to the employees,” he says. “It’s also up to management to create an office culture that makes people feel valued.”

If you think boreout is seriously affecting your health either physically or mentally, it may be valuable to ask yourself how you might be able to reselect your career path toward something healthier for you. Seek the advice from advisers, career consultants, friends and family. “I do not know whether there is a better way to figure out what works for you than trial and error,” Harju says. “Boreout can mark a transition to something else: a different career entirely, or a different role in the organization. If only people take its cue.”

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To provide the background.	B．To tell us who Lotta Harju is.
C．To give a definition of burnout.	D．To introduce the topic of the text.

2. Why do people prefer not to talk about their boreout?

A．They lack relevant knowledge.

B．They are warned not to talk about it.

C．They fear to be laughed at by their colleagues.

D．They don’t want employers to know their lack of drive to work.

3. What does the underlined word “combating” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Encouraging.

B．Fighting.

C．Trusting.

D．Blaming.

4. Which of the following may Harju agree with?

A．Sticking to the job before adapting to it.

B．Forcing employers to give a salary increase.

C．Trying to spend more time with your family.

D．Considering changing a new job interesting you.

8 . Teenagers are damaging their health by not getting enough sleep because they are distracted (分散) by electronic products in their bedrooms，according to a survey.

UK advice body The Sleep Council said “junk sleep” could rival (比得上) the consumption of unhealthy junk food as a major lifestyle issue for parents of teenage children. It brings no less harm than junk food to one’s health. Its survey of 1,000 teenagers aged 12 to 16 found that 30 percent managed just 4 to 7 hours of sleep as opposed to (形成对照) the recommended 8 or 9 hours by the experts. Almost a quarter said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.

“This is an extremely worrying situation,” said Dr. Chris Idzikowski of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre. “What we are seeing is the appearance of junk sleep — that is sleep which is of neither the length nor quality that it should be in order to feed the brain with the rest it needs to perform properly at school.”

Nearly all the teenagers had a phone, music system or TV in their bedroom, with around two­thirds possessing all three. Almost one in five of the teenage boys said the quality of their sleep had been impacted by leaving their TVs or computers on. The survey also found that 40 percent of teenagers felt tired each day, with girls aged 15 to 16 doing the worst. However, just 11 percent said they were bothered by the lack or bad quality of sleep.

“I’m surprised that so few teenagers make the link between getting enough good quality sleep and how they feel during the day,” Idzikowski said. “Teenagers need to wake up to the fact to feel well, perform well and look well; they need to do something about their sleep.”

1. According to the experts, teenagers should sleep ________ every night.

A．4 to 7 hours	B．8 or 9 hours
C．6 or 7 hours	D．7 or 8 hours

2. Which of the following is NOT true about “junk sleep”?

A．It’s a kind of sleep with poor quality.

B．It’s a kind of sleep with shorter hours.

C．It’s mainly caused by the electronic products in the bedroom.

D．It’s not as harmful as junk food to one’s health.

3. The underlined word “impacted” in Paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by “________”．

A．improved	B．destroyed
C．affected	D．inspired

4. It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. Chris Idzikowski is very ________ about the present situation.

A．worried	B．satisfied
C．angry	D．disappointed

9 . Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes — and finds that arts-based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni’s (毕业生的) lives, even years after the fact.

The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.

Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating the family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they had ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.

It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens keen about culture even after they reach adulthood: Ninety-six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.

Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people’s income and educational achievements as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.

1. What is the main function of paragraph 1?

A．To make a comparison.	B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background.	D．To present the subject.

2. Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study?

A．To change the course of alumni’s lives.

B．To introduce the art museums.

C．To explore the impact of teen art programs.

D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.

3. What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show?

A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.

B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.

C．Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.

D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today’s teens.

4. What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs?

A．They are intended to attract more adults.

B．They are designed to support art museums.

C．They create adults who are culturally aware.

D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.

5. What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common?

A．All prove the good effects of art education.

B．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.

C．All show the growing popularity of art programs.

D．All focus on the link between art and education.

10 . From a very early age, some children exhibit better self­control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.

Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. They observed the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking” and “Persistence in reaching goals.” The study led by Moffitt of Duke University and colleagues followed 1,000 children from birth to age 32 in Dunedin, New Zealand.

“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age three to ten, later on had the most health problems in their 30s,” Moffitt said, “and they had the worst financial situation. They were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.” Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed, and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.

Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she said other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families because children with good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents. But the good news, Moffitt said, is that self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have been shown to be effective.

1. Children with low self-control are more likely to ________．

A．become wealthy in later life

B．get good school performance

C．have better financial planning

D．adopt negative behaviors

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Self-control cannot be taught in schools.

B．The study is restricted within few participants.

C．It’s never too late to deal with self-control problems.

D．Good parenting can improve self-control and life success.

3. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．Child’s Self­control Predicts Future Health, success

B．Kids are Encouraged to Take Risks at an Early Age

C．Children’s Development Cannot be Changed by Teachers

D．How to Teach the Kids a Bit of Self-control in schools

4. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________．

A．the research has been carried out for five years

B．self-control in kids tends to determine their future

C．self-control was assessed by children’s intelligence

D．children’s self-control is almost the same at early age