1 . Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need.

A. influence                 B. majority                 C. moderate               D. rushing          E. rose          F. average     G. consumed               H. preferring                 I. consumption             J. portions            K. decreased

As for what is driving America’s chronic weight problem, there are no definite answers. But a lot of evidence points to the two causes most people already suspect: too much food and too little exercise.

Bigger    1    

The US Department of Agriculture(USDA)reports that the average American ate almost 20% more calories in the year 2000 than they did in 1983, thanks, in part, to a boom in meat     2    . Today, each American puts away an     3    of 195 Ibs of meat every year, compared to just 138 Ibs in the 1950s. Consumption of added fats also shot up by around two-thirds over the same period, and grain consumption     4    by 45% since1970.

Inactivity is the new normal

Lack of exercise is also a major culprit in the obesity epidemic. It’s been decades since most Americans worked in fields and on factory floors. A far greater     5    of us are sitting throughout our working day. This means less exercise each day. According to one study, only 20% of today’s jobs require at least     6    physical activity, as opposed to 50% of jobs in 1960. Other research suggests Americans burn 120 to 140 fewer calories a day than they did 50 years ago. Add this to the higher amount of calories we are packing in, and we get a perfect recipe for weight gain.

But lethargy goes well beyond the workplace. It is also how we get to work and what we do after. Americans walk less than people in any other industrialized country,     7    to sit in cars to get around. And at the end of the day, 80% of Americans don’t get enough exercise, according to the CDC.

In the end, though, we can’t lose sight of the big picture. Over the past years, diet fads have come and gone, with people     8    to blame red meat, dairy, wheat, fat, sugar, etc. for making them fat, but in reality, the problem is much simpler. Genetics and age do strongly     9    metabolism, but as the CDC points out, weight gain and loss is primarily a formula of total calories     10    versus total calories used.

2 . Choose the correct options.

Have you heard the     1     phrase / phase “Six Degrees of Separation”? It is the idea that we all know everyone else in the world through about six people. I recently signed up to a     2     bimonthly / biweekly newsletter that is emailed on the first and last Friday of every month. It has lots of interesting articles on famous experiments.

In the latest newsletter, they decided to try to recreate the experiment that originally proved the theory of how we all have this large     3     network / netting of people. They emailed a     4     random / ransom group of people and asked them to participate. This small     5     simple / sample of people were then sent a     6     protective / package to pass on to a stranger by sending it to someone they knew. They sent it along to someone who then sent it to a person he or she knew, starting a     7     chain / chase.

In the next issue, the newsletter will     8     release / return the results. I can’t wait to see if the theory is proved!

3 . Complete her story with the correct form of the words and phrase below.

household   crime   epidemic   social bonds   frequently   consequence   closely-knit

Recently, a radio show highlighted an interesting story about the power of community spirit. It was about a small town in America called Roseto. In the 1950s, heart attacks were an     1     in the USA, but researchers found Roseto had much lower rates of heart attacks than other places in the country. The town was very safe and had a very low     2     rate.

When they looked deeper into the reasons for this, they found that Roseto was a very     3     community.     4     typically consisted of three generations living together and the people visited each other     5    , respected elderly people and organised lots of community events.

Unfortunately, over the years, the community changed as the younger generation rejected traditional     6     and moved to outskirts of the town. As a     7    , health problems and crime increased. The link between health, happiness and community is really clear through this story.

4 . Use the correct form of the phrase below.

personal interests and needs                       learning materials                    call for mobile devices                                        find directions                         set up the latest technologies                              for short                                 put in          solve real-world problems

The Use of Apps

In the survey among our classmates, all students use software applications (called apps     1    ). They typically use apps on smartphones or     2    .

Students agree that apps can help them take part in a whole range of activities. They usually use apps to search for learning resources, find popular restaurants,     3     taxis,     4     to certain places, and order food.

Educational apps are the type of apps most frequently used arming our classmate. They allow them to beam at their own pace anywhere. They can choose online teachers and subjects according to their     5     . Also, they can share     6     with other users of the same app.

Nearly one third of the students have tried apps with     7     like VR, AH and MR. They believe that new technologies can be used to help people     8     . What students dislike is that in order to use apps these days, they are often required to     9     an account and     10     personal information. They worry about the safety of this.

5 . Choose the correct options.

In a recent interview, Mayor Janine Fraser spoke about the influence of the media. She said the increase in Internet news and     1     microchanneling /microblogging sites gives us a variety of opinions and views.

According to Mayor Fraser, “I was sent an email recently from a citizen who was     2     witness/witnessing to a police officer breaking the law. The policerman threatened this person with a fine for speeding. The person used his /her mobile phone to secretly record and     3     upload/download this conversation to a news site. Thanks to this, we had evidence to punish this policeman. Another great example was a local worker who used a blog to     4     outline /output how the     5     component/corporation he worked for was illegally polluting the environment.” On the negative side, she did mention that the ability for     6     advertising /advertisements companies to monitor people through website usage and comments is a cause for concern.

“The Internet is an     7     interactive/interactively tool that works in both ways. People should be aware that when they use the Internet they are     8     broadcaster/broadcasting their preferences to lots of different companies. We need to be cautious and protect ourselves. ”

6 . Choose the correct options.

Back in my days, the     1     subjective/objective of education was reading, writing and mathematics and after that nothing else mattered. Schools were not expected to     2     distribute /contribute to the development of young people as     3     well-rounded/well-being individuals. It was seen as the     4     responsibility/responsible of the family to provide     5     overall/moral education and teach their children to have good character. Besides, it was believed that just by following the law, people would become good     6     citizens/audiences.

Nowadays, the     7     definition/demonstration of education is understood in much broader terms. It is clear now that the true     8     principal/priority of education is to develop the whole person rather than just provide information to learn. Certainly, reading, writing and maths are still     9     care/core subjects but there are other important skills and abilities to acquire, such as     10     autonomous/automatic learning and initiative, judgement and     11     integration /integrity, creativity and     12     critical/civil thinking. Likewise, activities outside of the classroom can help develop children’s personalities and characters. We now also know that parents and other family members can     13     stimulate/accumulate their children’s interest in learning and have an important role to play.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. characteristic B.blame C. slave D. accepting E. oriented F. remaining G. properly H. behaviors I. surprise J. resist K. consistently

An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down to 6 “wealth factors“. She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential, regardless of age or income. These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus and social indifference.

Being thrifty comes as no great    1    .“Spending above your means, spending instead of saving for retirement, spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy makes you a    2     to the paycheck, even with an astronomical level of income,”she wrote. To properly build wealth, experts recommend saving 20% your income and living off the    3     80%.

Having confidence is another key    4    , as it helps people to be thrifty. It takes confidence to live within your means. It also takes confidence to invest    5    . Instead of making investing decisions with your emotions, financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a long-term investment plan.

But people can’t invest--or manage their own money--without    6     responsibility for the outcomes. Many millionaires take on personal responsibility--and most also happen to be self-made, meaning they didn’t acquire their wealth through luck. Millionaires don’t count on anyone else to make them rich, and they don’t    7     anyone else if they fall short. They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for themselves. They tend to be goal-    8     and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and focus on seeing those plans through. 92% of the millionaires surveyed developed a long-term plan for their money, and 97% almost always achieved the goals they set for themselves.

And it is these    9     that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent. They    10     lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more. Essentially, they don’t yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others or what they have acquired. Instead of being focused on what might make them happy today, they’re focused on their long-term wealth-building plan.

8 . 选词填空

A. minerals     B. agriculture     C. profitable     D. available     E. shortages     F. celebrations G. immigrants     H. increased     I. population     J. fashionable     K. opened

Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured (契约的) labor, after China had     1     its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm laborers and etc.

Indentured Chinese     2     worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.

Due to labor     3     in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labor between 1847 and 1898, most working as laborers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them     4     and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.

Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly     5     the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other     6     were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.

When mining became less     7    , many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought-after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into     8     evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.

Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese     9     in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by     10     of Lunar New Year.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. principles	B. obliges	C. varies	D. characterized	E. collectively	F. defines
G. proportion	H. completion	I. normally	J. delivers	K. systematic

Education

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of     1     instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of teaching approaches and the development of curricula.

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights     2     all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum     3     what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession     4     teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding which enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote     5     or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this     6     between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this     7     is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is     8     by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the     9     of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is     10     taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

10 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. market          B. dramatic          C. dislike          D. expected          E. tremendously          F. significant G. executives     H. pursing            I. additional       J. figured             K. absolutely

Marilyn Mawn is a young Wall Streeter most leading business would love to call their own. A Cornell graduate who enjoys the intensity of her 80-hr weeks as an analyst at Bear Stearns in New York City, Mawn, 25, has three years of experience in the financial industry, a head for closing major deals --- and     1     no plans to go to business school.

It’s not that she didn’t give it some serious thought. Mawn researched the best financial-real-estate programs, sent away for applications and took a preparation course for the Graduate Management Admissions Test. But after seeking advice from senior woman    2    in her company, including some with M.B.A.s, she decided to give up the degree.

“I considered the opportunity cost,” says Mawn, one of five professional women in an office of 50 people. She       3     she would be giving up two years' income and experience, spending an     4     $100,000 on education and not gaining enough to justify it.

Whether female candidates for the top business schools are opting out because of a feeling, like Mawn's that they are better off with the work experience, or because of family considerations or a     5     for the business-school climate or business in general---the fact is that they just aren’t going. Women account for only 29% of those in the country's top business schools, and it's been that way since 1994.

Not all business schools suffer from a     6    gender gap, just the top tie. A survey of all accredited(公认的) programs has women accounting for almost 40% of graduates. “women business leaders are     7    important to our company. We     8    to moms,”says Mary Kay Haben, an executive vice president of Kraft Foods. “we rely on the top business schools to help us find the women with a track record of success.”

It was with this in mind that the University of Michigan, together with Catalyst, a nonprofit research and advisory organization that focuses on advancing women in business, teamed up to find out why talented women aren’t     9    M.B.A.s. The study is still in the data-gathering stage, with results     10    in early next year.