注意：1、开头和结尾已给
2、内容包括：对父母不尊重的表现（争吵甚至动手）
3、建议：（1）树立尊敬长辈的意识
（2）关心父母从小事做起，例如:记住父母的生日
4、总结：尊敬父母是中华民族的传统美德
5、120字左右.可能用到的词汇：美德：virtue Piety is above all.百善孝为先
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2 . In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
1. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?| A．It carried more weight than it could. |
| B．It swayed violently in a strong wind |
| C．Its roadway was damaged by vehicles |
| D．Its access was blocked by many people. |
| A．No design is well received everywhere |
| B．Construction is more important than design. |
| C．Not all disasters are caused by engineering design |
| D．Improvements on engineering works are necessary. |
| A．Failure can lead to progress. | B．Success results in overconfidence |
| C．Failure should be avoided. | D．Success comes from joint efforts. |
| A．A news report | B．A short story. |
| C．A book review | D．A research article. |
3 . A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic (有机的) food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions (排放). In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.
Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food. As to this study’s findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.
Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is “absorbed” out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.
“We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet,” Dr Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. “This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland.”
Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world’s environmental problems. However, it’s just one part of a much wider solution.
1. What will total organic agriculture bring to England?| A．More main food. | B．More species crop. |
| C．More food imports. | D．More fresh oxygen. |
| A．By taking in CO2. | B．By changing CO2. |
| C．By giving off CO2. | D．By producing CO2. |
| A．The ways to reduce organic farming. | B．The results caused by organic farming. |
| C．The solution to the environment problems. | D．The advantages of organic farming. |
| A．Organic farming, green food | B．Organic farming, our hope in future |
| C．Organic farming, a mistake we made | D．Organic farming, a double-edged sword |
4 . The police in Canada had to deal with the escape of 12 million bees on Monday. The bees flew off after the truck that was carrying them turned over. Most of the insects stayed close by, but enough were loose to cause a possible danger to the public. Police told people to stay indoors and keep their windows closed. Bee expert Chris Maund said it was lucky that the accident happened in the countryside. “Fortunately it happened in an area where there are no restaurants or houses around. If it happened in an area like a city center, all the bees would have been killed right away.” Mr. Maund said that people are not in danger as long as they keep their distance.
The bees were on their way back to their main beehives (蜂房) after being used to pollinate (授粉) blueberries. Bees and the traveling pollination service are an important part of Canada’s fruit industry. Maund said the truck and broken hives were being left on the highway overnight. He believes the bees will return naturally. The bees probably did not go very far because of the rainy weather. Bees breathe through their skin and can drown(溺死) in the rain. Firefighters wearing full protective clothes were at the scene making the bees wet to keep them from flying around. They also sprayed (喷) the bees with smoke to make them feel sleepy. The smoke can also make them think there is a fire, causing them to return to save their honey.
1. Where did the accident happen?| A．On the highway in the Canadian countryside. |
| B．Near an international bee research center. |
| C．On the way to a highway restaurant. |
| D．Near a big city center in Canada. |
| A．The bee experts. | B．The fire fighters. |
| C．The local people. | D．The police. |
| A．The bees had just pollinated blueberries. |
| B．The Canadian traveling pollination service is in trouble now. |
| C．The experts believed that these bees had gone far away. |
| D．Smoke and water often make bees feel energetic. |
| A．crops in Canada that need the work of bees |
| B．brave and respectable firefighters in Canada |
| C．12 million bees that had an accident in Canada |
| D．the relationship between crops and bees |
| A．free | B．hard | C．sure | D．easy |
5 . We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough,
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided (猛撞) and both drivers began to
| A．thus | B．but | C．so | D．and |
| A．comes | B．strikes | C．happens | D．works |
| A．exactly | B．possibly | C．practically | D．probably |
| A．fight | B．talk | C．discuss | D．argue |
| A．learner | B．passenger | C．driver | D．instructor |
| A．stop | B．brake | C．burst | D．quit |
| A．upward | B．backward | C．forward | D．sideward |
| A．through | B．over | C．around | D．across |
| A．pulled down | B．pulled up | C．pulled in | D．pulled out |
| A．occupied | B．burdened | C．loaded | D．equipped |
| A．the other | B．other | C．others | D．another |
| A．get | B．have | C．keep | D．take |
| A．empty | B．full | C．dirty | D．broken |
| A．benefited | B．suffered | C．separated | D．differed |
| A．beer | B．vehicle | C．cake | D．bottle |
6 . Are you at least 17 years old? Do you weigh more than 110 pounds? Do you consider yourself fairly healthy?
If you answered yes to all of these questions, you should be donating(捐赠) blood every two months. n my survey of my schoolmates, I found that only 50 percent of them have ever donated blood and that only 1 out of 13 of them donate regularly. The lack of blood donors is a serious problem that requires immediate action.
According to the American Red Cross Web pages, in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion(输血) once every three seconds. People who benefit from donations include cancer patients as well as babies. The need for blood never takes a vacation and neither should donors.
Let me tell you about Brooke, a three-year-old girl with cancer. Brooke has spent about half of her life in the hospital receiving treatments. Her treatment will require about 500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment. If she doesn’t receive this blood, she will not live to start kindergarten.
Examples like Brooke’s are becoming all too common these days, with only 1 in 20 Americans donating blood and this number keeps dropping each year. These facts are extremely worrying considering that nearly half of us here will need blood sometime in our lives.
You can now see the seriousness of the problem with the lack of blood donations. Fortunately， it is a problem that can be easily solved. Each and every one of you can be part of the solution. All you have to do is go to the nearest Red Cross and donate your blood.
1. How does the author explain the problem mentioned in Paragraph2?| A．By making comparisons. | B．By answering questions. |
| C．By describing his own experiences. | D．By presenting research findings. |
| A．The strong need for blood. | B．The suffering of patients. |
| C．The benefits of taking vacations | D．The efforts of the Red Cross. |
| A．can’t wait to start kindergarten |
| B．stays alive by receiving blood daily |
| C．doesn't get fair treatment in the hospital |
| D．will need another 250 units of blood |
| A．To present some new medical results. | B．To persuade people to donate blood. |
| C．To explain the risks of blood donation. | D．To call on people to save a little girl. |
7 . An 80-year-old man and his family may soon get a bill for the cost of his rescue mission. After an all-night search by rescuers, James Clark of Dublin, Ohio, was found “not moving and exhibiting what appeared to be signs and symptoms on low nody temperature to the point of not being able to speak any clear words," according to a statement. Rescuers wrapped him in a sleeping bag and carried him out about 1.7 miles to safety.
Similarly, in 2015, a family of four received an about 8500 bill after their daytime hike left them lost in the dark and requiring search and rescue ( SAR). This raises an interesting question: Who pays for the cost when you get lost or injured in the great outdoors?
The high cost of SAR missions is what prompted states like New Hampshire to pass laws that establish programs like Hike Safe to hold individuals more financially accountable for their rescues. However, some people have called for more strict laws to shift SAR costs off taxpayers. They say such a move would ultimately make people more responsible, but it's a controversial idea. “Society rescues people all the time-auto accident victims, home fire victims-and at far greater cost than wildemess hiker rescues.” writes Backpacker.
Critics say putting a price tag on SAR could cause people to hesitate before calling for help in emergency situations. But Heggie says this isn't actually the reason why the National Park Service doesn't charge for SAR. “If an agency such as NPS starts charging the public for SAR costs, the agency essentially has to conduct SAR operations. If something goes wrong during the SAR operation, someone could lead to a lawsuit(起诉).”
Both Heggie and Kupper say the best way people can avoid needing rescue is simply by being prepared, suggesting that people research hikes before they go pay attention to their surroundings, pack essential gear and not rely on a cellphone as a survival kit. "The best time to prevent SAR incidents is when people are still at home，” Heggie said.
1. What state was James in when he was rescued?| A．He lost his way home. | B．He daren't move alone, |
| C．He was in danger of dying. | D．He couldn't express himself. |
| A．To reward the rescuers. | B．To reduce outdoor activities. |
| C．To prevent hikers calling for help. | D．To make hikers take responsibility. |
| A．The possibility of being charged. | B．The heavy burden of medical costs. |
| C．The difficulty in doing a SAR operation. | D．The fear of doing fewer SAR operations. |
| A．Packing necessary things. | B．Preparing well in advance. |
| C．Imagining accidents at home. | D．Taking a cellphone everywhere, |
We used to appreciate those
Some think we should try to help others whether they are strangers or not. Helping others is
In my opinion, we should try
Bike sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities. It is good
Since the start of shared bikes, people have made
However, bad things happen. Some people damage the QR code(二维码) on the bike, or use their own lock, which causes trouble to other users. As for the situation, it’s difficult
10 . For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.
In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
1. Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?| A．Both are about where to draw the line. |
| B．Both can continue for generations. |
| C．Neither has any clear winner. |
| D．Neither can be put to an end. |
| A．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. |
| B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. |
| C．The teens cause their parents of misleading them. |
| D．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict. |
| A．give orders to the other |
| B．know more than the other |
| C．gain respect from the other |
| D．get the other to behave properly |
| A．Solutions for the parent-teen problems. |
| B．Examples of the parent-teen war. |
| C．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. |
| D．Future of the parent-teen relationship. |
