1 . The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation (革新), but American universities-where new ideas often spread-have reason to look over their shoulders.
That's especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence. In President Donald Trump's opinion, they're exactly the fields where the U.S. has to lead - and also the ones where Asia, especially China, is catching up. Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.
There's a special place for universities in the development of science. Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators (孵化器) for pie-in-the-sky ideas-some of which turn out to be game-changers. The list ranges from Google's search engine to DNA technology that's behind a whole industry of gene-manipulating (基因编辑) treatments.
However, government aids to universities haven't been growing for more than a decade, meaning they've declined in real terms and as a share of the economy, leading to the cost increase for universities and meanwhile somehow discouraging the teaching staff from putting all their hearts into their scientific research.
“If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. “Other countries are catching up. We can't be satisfied with what we have achieved.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “look over their shoulders” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Watch out | B．Take off |
| C．Stand up | D．Hide away |
| A．Chinese universities have obtained more patents than other countries |
| B．the Chinese government provides aids to Chinese universities |
| C．wireless communications are changed dramatically these years |
| D．U.S. universities may lose their lead in some high-tech fields |
| A．Universities can be birthplaces of game programmers. |
| B．Pie-in-the-sky ideas from universities can be revolutionary. |
| C．Universities play an important role in science development. |
| D．Gene-manipulation helps to develop DNA technology. |
| A．Worried. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Positive. | D．Unconcerned. |
2 . I had been living with Dino and his family for ten days or so, who lived and worked in the rainforest. They were the “bad guys”, burning much of the western Amazon to tun it into cattle farms. They were also some of the nicest and warmest hosts. They are a family trying to survive in a very tough environment through hard work. Their view and understanding of the problems the Amazon faces are different from mine. I see the Amazon as an extraordinary valuable life that should be treasured and protected at all costs-the world needs it, and we all need it. However, the Dinos see the Amazon as a vast, lasting resource that feeds them. After talking extent win them, I realized their respect for it was as deep as my own: they just saw it very differently.
Cattle farming in the Amazon is perhaps mainly responsible for the fires we are seeing now. It is an industry of cutting forest, burning it and turning it to cattle farms. Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice. Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases. This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.
One morning after a fire, I returned to the land. I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are memorials to human stupidity.
The problems the Amazon faces are perhaps more complex now than ever before, but they are curable. We need to decide where and how we appoint and apply values based on sensible economic models that favor both the farmer and the forest. One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of rules by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation(毁林) and burning. This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？| A．The consequences of cattle farming. | B．The main cause of forest fires. |
| C．The causes of greenhouse gases. | D．The importance of cattle farming. |
| A．It helped the author recall his memory about the land. |
| B．It reminded us of our foolishness of destroying the land. |
| C．It's not surprising to see the land destroyed by the fire. |
| D．It's amazing to see the trees keep straight after the fire. |
| A．The writer and Dino respected the Amazon equally in different ways. |
| B．Cattle farming is not to blame for the fires happening in the Amazon. |
| C．The problems the Amazon faces are more complex and can't be solved. |
| D．The Dinos are considered to be bad for burning the forest to make a fortune. |
| A．Prevent the deeds of burning. | B．Offer more land. |
| C．Take stricter measures. | D．Appoint economic models. |
When stores first started to ask whether customers wanted a paper receipt or an emailed receipt,I always took the email option. I knew I was giving up a little privacy when I did because the store had my email. Ever since, digital receipts
Digital receipts offer a few improvements over traditional paper receipts. One is health-related. Lots of receipt paper contains bisphenol-A (双酸-A), or BPA. This chemical can
The
4 . Tabichi’s father,uncle,and cousins have all worked as teachers. He could see that his relatives were making a real difference to people’s lives and wanted to do the same. So for the past 12 years, Tabichi has worked as a math and science teacher in the hope that his lessons will give students a chance to improve their situations.
However,working at a remote village school in Kenya hasn’t been easy. The unique challenges and obstacles have forced Tabichi to find unique solutions for his students. The school only has one computer and unreliable Internet access. The school also has no library or laboratory. To make matters worse,there are not enough books for all the students and the school is desperately in need of more teachers. Most of the students are not able to concentrate, because they haven’t had enough meals at home.
One of the other major challenges that Tabichi faces is keeping kids in school as long as possible. So Tabichi spends most of his time outside of the classroom working on ways to keep kids in school. When the 36-year-old gets the feeling that a student is at risk of dropping out, he works to persuade families to put more value in education. To help those in poverty afford food,uniforms,and books, Tabichi also gives away 80 percent of his salary. Despite all the obstacles he faces, Tabichi is credited for improving the school and keeping much of the village’s youth in school. He has also managed to set up science clubs and addressed food insecurity issues.
Thanks to his tireless work,his students have excelled. In recent years,students have won national and international science competitions. In March of 2019, Tabichi was voted the best teacher in the world and won the prize of $1 million.
1. What inspired Tabichi to be a teacher?| A．The high salary of teachers. |
| B．His father’s demand on him. |
| C．Contributions a teacher can make. |
| D．His relatives’ encouragement. |
| A．The difficulties Tabichi’s school faced. |
| B．The life of a remote village in Kenya. |
| C．Tabichi’s unique teaching ways for his students. |
| D．Most of the students’ distraction on their learning. |
| A．Giving students the best lessons. |
| B．Helping students get rid of poverty. |
| C．Persuading students not to drop out. |
| D．Getting students away from any risk. |
| A．Pitiful. | B．Lucky. |
| C．Punctual. | D． Selfless. |
5 . Every day Yang Hongwei takes the bus home from work, staring silently at the European-style villas(别墅), luxury cars and twinkling lights from the shopping center that he sees through the window.
Yang works for a software company in Zhongguancun. He dreams of such a life, away from poverty, and that hope has kept him in Beijing for three years since he graduated from university.
Soon Yang squeezes his way off the bus to the reality of his life: his home-a 10-square-metre room that costs 550 yuan or about one-fifth of his salary in rent every month. It’s very cold inside the house as it has no central heating system. He has to stand the long and cold winter. Determined to achieve his dream, Yang says he has changed jobs “numerous” times in the past three years and is considering quitting his present job.
Yang’s frustration over his life as a migrant(移民) is shared by many other graduates that have moved into big cities. Together they have come to be called the “ant tribe”, a term created by Chinese sociologists to describe the struggles of young migrants, who, armed with their diplomas, flood to big cities in hopes of a better life only to put up with low-paying jobs and poor living conditions. They share every similarity with ants. They live in colonies in crowded areas. They’re intelligent and hardworking, yet unknown and underpaid. The term, sociologists have said, also reflects their helplessness in a world governed by the law of the concrete jungle-only the strongest survive.
A survey in Ant TribeⅡ found nearly 30 percent of the “ants” are graduates of famous key universities-almost three times the percentage of 2009. Most have degrees in popular majors, such as medicine, engineering, economics and management. In addition, 7.2 percent of the “ants” have at least a master’s degree compared to 1.6 percent in 2009. Most said the economic recovery did not really improve their financial situations, and 66 percent said their incomes fell short of their expectations, the survey also found.
For two years, Lian Si, a post-doctoral fellow at the Center for Chinese and Global Affairs of Peking University, who has studied the phenomenon, led a team of more than 100 graduate students to follow the groups in university towns like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Xi’an. Lian evaluates the total population of the “ant community” in major cities at one million across China, with about 100,000 found in Beijing alone. Lian predicts that an increasingly challenging job market will see the ant tribe growing further in number. Another 6.3 million graduates are expected to join migrant workers and other job hunters in what promises to be a fierce labor competition.
The ant tribe’s embarrassing living situations have become a serious social issue, and the government should develop “second-and-third-tier cities” to attract more graduates from big cities. However, “ants” expect more study and training opportunities in big cities, which keeps them in positive mindsets despite their situations. As in the case of Yang, he is optimistic about getting a new job soon, having received eight interview offers in a week after sending out his resume. The prospect of landing a higher-paying job keeps him hopeful of moving out of the slum district(贫民区) soon. The sooner, the better.
1. Yang has worked in Beijing since graduation from university ______.| A．to live in a beautiful villa of European style |
| B．to have more opportunities to be promoted |
| C．to enjoy a busy life in a software company |
| D．to struggle for a better-off life in a big city |
| A．It refers to the group of low-income graduates living in embarrassing conditions. |
| B．It refers to the people who work hard like ants but are paid little. |
| C．It refers to the sociologists and scholars researching into some social phenomena. |
| D．It refers to some well-educated people who can’t survive in society. |
| A．“Ant tribe” has become too serious a social problem to solve. |
| B．It is the government’s duty to solve the problem of “ant tribe”. |
| C．Both the government and the graduates have the responsibility. |
| D．The existence of “ant tribe” has little influence on job markets. |
| A．the “ant tribe’s” dream and reality |
| B．a recent survey about the “ant tribe” |
| C．the “ant tribe’s” living conditions |
| D．a new urban lifestyle-”ant tribe” |
6 . Goldfish have pretty boring lives, so maybe it’s a good thing they can only concentrate for nine seconds! But according to new research, humans are becoming like goldfish. Our attention span (时长) is getting shorter...and it’s all because of technology.
“We move quickly from one site to another on the web, ”says Doctor Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts, “and we are losing the ability to concentrate.” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average internet user is just seconds. There are other digital distractions (分心) too: email, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites. Some people are worried about the effect on young people. “You need time to understand and think about what you read,” says Julia Wood, from London. “Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it. I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”
Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students’ concentration. Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons. She says that it had an amazing effect: “The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.”
But not everyone believes that there is a problem. Ray Cole, an educational psychologist says: “On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.
They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a sixth useful website more carefully. In a world with so much information available, this is an important skill.”
1. Why does the writer mention “goldfish”?| A．To analyze data. | B．To introduce a topic. |
| C．To settle problems. | D．To suggest a way out. |
| A．Skipping around the internet. | B．Time to digest information. |
| C．Traditional methods of reading. | D．Making decisions. |
| A．Receiving emails. | B．Texting messages. |
| C．Reading more books. | D．Watching quickie movies. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Unfavorable. |
| C．Skeptical. | D．Supportive. |
| A．She experienced a theft. | B．She was given a parking ticket. |
| C．She couldn’t find a parking space. | |
Hello, Mr. Wi-Fi. Life without you is next to impossible. We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening, sometimes till dawn.
We want you all days. Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can
If you were a
| A．Now that | B．Only if | C．Though | D．When |
| A．praised | B．increased | C．focused | D．divided |
| A．keep on | B．bring back | C．approve of | D．give up |
| A．drawing | B．pushing | C．forcing | D．observing |
| A．space | B．soul | C．society | D．workplace |
| A．entertainment | B．argument | C．expansion | D．struggle |
| A．strict | B．satisfied | C．generous | D．busy |
| A．thoughts | B．eyes | C．exits | D．doors |
| A．disease | B．inspiration | C．routine | D．situation |
| A．recommend | B．instruct | C．promise | D．adapt |
| A．persist | B．relax | C．progress | D．balance |
| A．raw | B．new | C．strong | D．fast |
| A．to | B．against | C．from | D．within |
| A．affordable | B．valuable | C．conventional | D．attractive |
| A．addition | B．expert | C．companion | D．instrument |
| A．sometimes | B．always | C．never | D．seldom |
| A．selfish | B．dishonest | C．responsible | D．real |
| A．control | B．blame | C．comfort | D．challenge |
| A．friends | B．slaves | C．colleagues | D．employers |
| A．suffered | B．connected | C．survived | D．surfed |
1. When was the building built?
| A．In 1718. | B．In 1782. | C．In 1930. |
| A．A hotel. | B．An old people’s home. | C．A history museum. |
| A．A newspaper reporter. |
| B．The owner of the building. |
| C．The head of the fire department. |
Once upon a time, in a small town, a man stole some money from a house. The police began to look for the thief. After two days, they found him. They brought him to the police station and found some of the money in his coat.
There was a new policeman at the police station, and they wanted to give him some work.
“Take this thief to the city,” said one of them.” You must go there by train. It will leave very soon. Don’t be late.
“The policeman and the thief went to the station. On their way, they came to a shop selling bread.
“We have no food, and we must eat something on the train,” said the thief. “It’s a long way to the city, and it will take a long time to get there. I’ll go into this shop and buy some bread. Then you and I can eat it on the train. Wait here for me.
The policeman was happy. “At least I’ll have some food on the train,” he thought. “Be quick,” he said to the thief. “We don’t have much time.”
The thief went into the shop, and the policeman waited in the street for a long time. He began to worry. He thought about the train, and at last, he went into the shop.
“Where’s that man who came to buy some bread?” asked the policeman.
“Oh. he went out of the back door,” said the shopkeeper.
The policeman ran outside, but he could not find the thief. So, he had to go back to the police station and tell the others what had happened. They were very angry with him, and he was very unhappy.
All the policemen in the town began to look for the thief again, and they soon caught him. They brought him back to the police station and called the same policeman.
注意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
（2）应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The police officers at the police station told the new policeman to take the thief to the city again.
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Paragraph 2:
The policeman lost the thief again.
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