1 . Smart phones are greatly changing the way we walk down the street. Office workers and young people are walking like the old as they check emails and messages.

Scientists have found mobile phones make us walk more slowly, with modest steps, to avoid falling over. The leader of the study said the walk is just like someone in their eighties. Researchers found people writing a text message walk more than twice as slowly as those without a phone, finding it harder to stay in a straight line.

The scientists examined 252 people walking while reading a text message, writing one, speaking on their phones or without their phones at all. Writing a text is the hardest activity, causing people to look down at their phone 46 percent more, and 45 percent longer, than when reading a message. This led people to walk 118 per cent more slowly than when they were without their phones. People walked almost a third more slowly while reading a text and 19 per cent while talking on the phone.

Smart phones were found to stop people from walking in a straight line, putting them at greater risk of running into other people, cars or street lamps. This increased the need to slow down and take more careful steps.

John Timmis said the idea for this study came from following someone walking down the street in the afternoon, who was walking as if he had had several drinks. I thought it was a bit early for that, then walked up alongside him and saw that he was on his phone. Simply being on the phone changes the way people walk.

1. What does the underlined word “modest” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Young.	B．Straight.
C．Low.	D．Small.

2. Based on the text, who walk the most slowly?

A．Those not carrying phones.

B．Those writing a text message.

C．Those reading a text message.

D．Those speaking on their phones.

3. What made people with phones take more careful steps?

A．The need to walk straight.

B．The desire to use their phones.

C．The chance of possible accidents.

D．The traffic jams during rush hours.

4. What made John Timmis decide to do the research?

A．Seeing office workers walking like the elderly.

B．Seeing people walking in the street hurriedly.

C．Watching young people who were walking normally.

D．watching a person who was walking in the street in a strange way .