| A．He lost his horse. | B．He was bitten by a dog. | C．He was bitten by a horse. |
2 . Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy.
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks.
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.
The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
| A．These foods give people more energy. |
| B．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. |
| C．But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. |
| D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods. |
| E．It happened when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves. |
| F．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. |
| G．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter. |
1. What is the woman mainly talking about?
| A．A foreigner. | B．A hobby. | C．A report. |
| A．Around 15%. | B．Around 21%. | C．Around 35%. |
4 . In the coming era of budget cuts to education, remote learning could become a common thing.
The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of remote learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.
Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life. American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and improve their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
1. What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?| A．Transforming traditional teaching. |
| B．Eating nutritionally-well-balanced-meals. |
| C．Growing into living and breathing human beings. |
| D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers. |
| A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction. |
| B．It may make many teachers jobless. |
| C．It may add to student’s financial burden. |
| D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching. |
| A．complexity | B．inequality | C．responsibility | D．capability |
| A．It lacks humanity. | B．It can‘t meet personal needs. |
| C．It is still not advanced. | D．It can’t track students’ growth. |
5 . Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
1. How was the original ban on drivers’ texting in the US?| A．Insignificant. | B．Irregular. | C．Irresistible. | D．Ineffective. |
| A．Road accidents are now rising sharply. | B．Americans are still texting while driving. |
| C．Too many people are driving after drinking. | D．Drivers are using social networks and taking photos. |
| A．Identify drivers’ location. | B．Test drivers’ speed. |
| C．Check drivers’ cell phone. | D．Predict drivers’ destination. |
| A．He made the ban to punish distracted driving. |
| B．He proposed the law to regulate drivers’ behaviors. |
| C．He invented the Textalyzer to test drivers’ behaviors. |
| D．He advised to improve the next generation cell phone. |
1. What was wrong with the speaker?
| A．Her car broke down. |
| B．Her car key was lost. |
| C．She couldn’t find her way. |
| A．She stayed in her car. |
| B．She sat by the road. |
| C．She made a phone call. |
| A．By calling for help. |
| B．By driving her home. |
| C．By accompanying her. |
| A．She paid him some money. |
| B．She expressed her gratitude. |
| C．She treated him to dinner. |
1. What was the woman doing when she heard a noise?
| A．She was doing the dishes. | B．She was polishing the table. | C．She was cleaning the living room. |
| A．A police officer. | B．The woman’s husband. | C．The woman’s neighbor. |
| A．In the early morning. | B．Around noon. | C．In the evening. |
8 . Cyberbullying (网络欺凌) is the use of electronic communication to threaten or insult someone. A child can be involved in cyberbullying in different ways. They can bully, be bullied, or witness the bullying of others. The more digital forms of communication a child uses, the more exposure he or she may get to cyberbullying. Parents, teachers and other adults need to be aware of children’s online usage. Some warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying are:
●Spending much more or less time on electronic devices, including texting
●Hiding their screen when others are near, and avoiding discussion about what they are doing on their device
●Closing social media accounts and opening new ones
●Avoiding social situations, even ones that were enjoyed in the past
●Becoming depressed, or losing interest in people and activities
Cyberbullying is like other forms of bullying and should be handled in a similar way. If a child is being cyberbullied, adults should support the child being bullied and tell the child doing the bullying that cyberbullying is something serious that should be stopped.
If a child sees hateful content online, there are a few easy ways they can deal with it. The child could report the content anonymously (化名地), as hateful speech goes against most websites’ principles of service. They can also block the person from posting abusive content. While ignoring posts might seem easier than blocking someone, it will not make the problem go away.
Adults can try to make their kids put themselves in the others’ shoes and consider how other people feel. They should see whether more help is needed for those involved, like speaking to a guidance counselor or mental health professional.
Cyberbullying may be impossible to stop completely, but parents could watch their child’s behavior and Internet time.
1. In which situation is cyberbullying most likely to happen?| A．A lady is doing online shopping. |
| B．A child is chatting on the Internet. |
| C．A student is attending a lesson online. |
| D．A teenager is watching a film on the Internet. |
| A．Get away from his or her cellphone. |
| B．Share his or her social media accounts online. |
| C．Start bullying other kids on the Internet. |
| D．Avoid taking part in activities and meeting people. |
| A．Post the content of cyberbullying online. |
| B．Ignore the person doing the cyberbullying. |
| C．Show mercy and close their social media accounts. |
| D．Pay attention to their behavior and online time. |
| A．To explain what cyberbullying actually is. |
| B．To warn some children to stop cyberbullying. |
| C．To give some advice on how to handle cyberbullying. |
| D．To persuade parents to care more for their children. |
| A．A lawyer and his client. |
| B．A policeman and a crime victim. |
| C．A passenger and a pedestrian. |
10 . Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the symbol of urban life and city people are used to seeing tall buildings and apartments. Farms, on the other hand, are associated with rural life. However, there are experts who think skyscrapers should become farms to meet the increasing food needs.
By the middle of this century, some scientists suggest, almost 80% of the earth’s population could live in cities. In addition, the population could increase to 9.1 billion people during that time yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. If current farming practices don’t change, we will need an area of new land to produce enough food for the planet.
Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make it a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.
Vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases. Besides, crops would not suffer from problems like flooding. Finally, vertical farms would reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances.
Some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. For this reason, vertical farms would need additional light sources, such as artificial light.
Another way of growing fresh food is to build urban farms on rooftops. This more practical approach may be more achievable than the idea of farms in skyscrapers, researchers suggest. Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
1. What primary problem could vertical farming settle?| A．Poor state of rural life. | B．Shortage of food supply. |
| C．High costs for transporting crops. | D．Environmental pollution. |
| A．It can benefit transport industry. | B．It requires little care. |
| C．It can produce organic food. | D．It needs very low cost. |
| A．Farmable land. | B．Light sources. |
| C．Crop diseases. | D．Climate conditions. |
| A．Future Food Needs | B．Symbol of Urban Life |
| C．Farms of the Future | D．Farming on Rooftops |
