1 . The impact of technology on language is a topic that often causes concern, with many assuming that it is simply ruining it. However, language experts resist such opinion, noting that there is little evidence to support the view that speech is getting worse. Gretchen McCulloch, in her book Because Internet, focuses on what can be learned about language from the Internet rather than talking about its negative effects.
McCulloch compares studying language online to growing bacteria (细菌) in a Petri dish (有盖培养皿), where trends emerge and disappear quickly. The influence of strong ties like friends or family versus weak ties on language change is analyzed, with computer simulations (模拟) revealing that having both strong and weak ties helps spread updates in a community.
The role of social media platforms in language change is also discussed. Twitter, with its mix of strong and weak ties, is shown to drive more language change than Facebook, which is controlled by stronger ties. Emoji is highlighted as a universal digital expression of gestures, not a language. Additionally, there is evidence that the use of Internet “innovations” such as “omg” dates back to pre-computer eras.
McCulloch’s book focuses on the birth of a new medium for language rather than a new type of language. The rise of mass writing on the Internet, characterized by frequent, error-filled, and short-lived communication, challenges traditional ideas about writing’s importance. McCulloch suggests future historians should see this as a return to more casual (随意的) language, paying more attention to the value of tools that improve social interaction online. The book argues against the idea that these changes might lead to the end of “real” writing, advocating for an appreciation of anything that enhances human connection and the enjoyment of each other’s company.
1. Which of the following topics is NOT included in the book Because Internet?A.How technologies ruin languages. |
B.The new birth of a new medium for language. |
C.The changes Twitter brings to people’s language. |
D.What people can get about language on the Internet. |
A.The development of digital languages. |
B.The influence of the social media platforms on language change. |
C.The different functions of social media platforms. |
D.The connection between humans and the Internet. |
A.Interpersonal bonds play a role in online communication. |
B.Formal language is unlikely to improve social interaction. |
C.The birth of new media has removed writing’s importance. |
D.Mass writing may make traditional writing come to an end. |
A.In a poetry collection. | B.On a medical website. |
C.In a travel guidebook. | D.In a newspaper. |
2 . Few Americans remain in one position or one place for a lifetime. We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.
For many of us summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible.
The word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationships — to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a fellow worker, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant.
1. Many Americans move from place to place for the following reasons except_______.A.going to college | B.getting a better job |
C.saving money | D.finding a place to live in retirement |
A.enjoy the sunlight | B.feel strange | C.get a new job | D.travel to other countries |
A.expect to find some close friends | B.hope to meet new people |
C.want to begin lasting friendships with new people | D.Both A and B |
A.Today millions of Americans vacation abroad. |
B.For many of us summer is a special time for forming new friendships. |
C.No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friendship. |
D.But surely the beginning of friendship is possible. |
1.描述该现象;
2.表达你的观点及理由。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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4 . Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. Studies reveal that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average! Some of this usage may be related to work. However, much of it is because many apps — particularly social media apps — use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more.
One of such techniques is to push notifications. You’re getting on with your work or something else when — ping! — a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you go back to your phone again.
Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again.
Once you’ve opened an app, its goal is now to get you continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. Have you ever noticed that in some apps, three dots (…) appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create your expectation or curiosity. You wonder what your friend is going to say. Well, you’ll have to keep waiting and see.
While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone.
1. What does the underlined word “reveal” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Encourage. | B.Predict. | C.Prevent. | D.Show. |
A.Ongoing pings will inform you of new posts. |
B.Competitive games will greatly discourage you. |
C.Everyday use of the app might earn you a medal. |
D.Appearance of three dots might disturb your typing. |
A.two | B.three | C.four | D.five |
A.The Tricks That Keep You Glued to Your Phone. |
B.Can People Break Their Addition to Games? |
C.Could Technology Further Improve Phones? |
D.The Social Media Apps That Waste Your Time. |
5 . Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.
Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said.
Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialeets, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said.
So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people lean dialects.
1. How does the author start the text?A.By quoting sayings. | B.By sharing a story. |
C.By stating his own experiences. | D.By asking a question. |
A.The development of Mandarin. | B.Why to protect dialects. |
C.How to develop speaking skills. | D.The disappearing of dialects. |
A.Worried. | B.Positive. | C.Indifferent. | D.Unelear. |
A.It has entered into the third part. |
B.Over 5.6 millions videos are collected in the project. |
C.It looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. |
D.Harold Palme is the chief expert on the project. |
6 . Every week, Liu Fang, a 38-year-old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store specializing in selling near-expired(快过期的) food and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.
“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often
Liu is among the
Unlike the traditional
Indeed, food waste is a great
As people’s lives improved greatly, many began to make or
“I’ve been very frugal all my life. Living
A.attached | B.narrowed | C.sold | D.targeted |
A.customers | B.producers | C.departments | D.fashions |
A.amazing | B.falling | C.increasing | D.recovering |
A.cheaper | B.higher | C.flexible | D.normal |
A.industry | B.potential | C.market | D.digital |
A.dropped to | B.took on | C.brought out | D.accounted for |
A.trick | B.memory | C.routine | D.thinking |
A.reuse | B.reduce | C.recycle | D.remove |
A.challenge | B.root | C.shadow | D.theme |
A.order | B.recommend | C.contribute | D.avoid |
A.argue | B.suggest | C.equal | D.ensure |
A.approaching | B.permitting | C.making | D.suffering |
A.within | B.through | C.below | D.across |
A.game | B.drink | C.grain | D.pudding |
A.behave | B.cost | C.rate | D.spend |
要求:
语言准确,行文连贯,层次清晰,书写规范,词数60~80。
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8 . Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. It should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology, is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
1. Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?A.Because it is an exclusively new tool. |
B.Because it is very powerful and popular. |
C.Because people can experience the story in person. |
D.Because it is very fast, accurate and good-looking. |
A.How powerful and interesting it can be. |
B.Whether people will have easy access to it. |
C.Whether qualified VR headsets can be built. |
D.What new ways people will find to deliver content. |
A.Optimistic. | B.Neutral. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Concerned. |
A.The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality |
B.The Future Development of Virtual Reality |
C.Challenges and Hurdles of Virtual Reality |
D.Virtual Reality is the Future of Storytelling |
9 . Going against the trend of going to well-known yet crowded tourist destinations on vacation, a growing number of holidaymakers in China are spending their holidays at less-known places to look for unique and relaxed holiday experiences. “Reverse tourism” (反向旅游) has appeared as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
During the weeklong public holiday, which ended on Oct 7, large numbers of vacationers, especially youth who long to escape their busy city lives, avoid popular holiday destinations in order to get off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quietness.
According to data from online travel agency Qunar, the number of rooms booked at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year-on-year. Bookings for four and five-star hotels in less-traveled places, including Linxia in Gansu province and Shizuishan in Ningxia, all increased at least 10 times from the same period of 2021. Even 12.5 percent of youth who normally have little time for themselves simply had a time in a hotel to make the much-awaited holiday more relaxing.
Besides crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations, which often involve expensive tickets, meals and hotel stays. What’s more, less-known attractions are able to offer more natural experiences, according to social media posts. And unlike popular destinations, some undeveloped places with little online attention can offer more surprises.
Jiang Han, a senior researcher at the Beijing-based public policy think tank Pangoal (盘古智库), said that reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market and is an opportunity for growth which can match the camping economy.
1. If you support “reverse tourism”, you will probably choose ________.A.a famous tourist destination on holidays |
B.a cheap and popular vacation |
C.a developed destination to enjoy yourself |
D.a less-known place for relaxed experiences |
A.By giving numbers. | B.By listing reasons. |
C.By comparing opinions. | D.By giving definitions. |
A.Negative. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Positive. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.Vacationers can save money while travelling. |
B.More and more people accept less-travelled destinations. |
C.People prefer to spend their holidays by travelling. |
D.Young people often have little time to travel around. |
10 . Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy (盗版) and lost sales to cooperate. Among the big six, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book- lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, e-book files can be downloaded at home from digital libraries anytime. The files disappear from the device when they are due automatically. Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value.
E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible (不兼容的) e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s global market dominance, as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive teamed up with Amazon, the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website, where Amazon follows up library frequenters directly, letting them know they can “Buy this book” when the loan falls due.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are a perfect market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.
Library supporters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new works. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. So, publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times.
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A.Many publishers are hesitant to license e-books. |
B.The library-publisher relationship has been unstable. |
C.Libraries and publishers hold the same view towards e-books. |
D.Random House and Harper Collins are the top two publishers. |
A.There may be a noticeable drop in profit. |
B.Rights for publishers can’t be secured any longer. |
C.E-books can be downloaded again when they are due. |
D.E-books and their audio files are provided in every format. |
A.Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers. |
B.E-books can be lent at libraries as many times as you like. |
C.OverDrive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers. |
D.Over half of Americans are borrowing e-books from libraries. |
A.Reading Online or Offline | B.A Marriage-like Relationship |
C.A Bright Future for Publishers | D.A Tense Story Raised by E-books |