1 . Doctors told us that our son, Matti, had a rare disease affecting his kidneys. We were in complete shock.
One of us would need to provide a kidney for him. This situation could have completely thrown us, but we decided to take it as it comes. We were in the hospital for a month and have to come back quite often.
Between the ages of 18 months, Matti was stable with the help of medication. Without warning, the function of Matti’s kidneys went downhill very quickly, before failing completely — what the doctors warned us of at birth.
Initially, we hoped dialysis would only be a couple of months until the kidney transplant happened, but the outbreak of COVID-19 mean I that it was put on hold.
As is known, it was tough trying to keep track of how much water he could take in. He was limited to 600 ml a day as required, but the restriction felt especially hard over the summer. In general, Matti was pretty accepting this — but there were moments when, understandably, he hated it. There were moments when we all got frustrated, I can’t deny.
Stefan and I had decided that he’d be the one to give Matti a kidney. Stefan was rejected, leaving me to be considered. I was nervous that the doctors would discover something that wouldn’t work with me too. But, thankfully, I was a match. I could barely explain the relief I fell when I woke up, to hear that the kidney had made it over to Matti safely.
Of course, there follow a lot of medications, and a specialist comes to bring a bit of fun to what can be a boring day. He is invaluable and occupies my son so that I can grab a coffee and a break. What I have learned is that nothing is more important that health.
1. What was the problem with the author’s son?A.He had a rare disease at the age of 18 months. |
B.He had a kidney transplant as soon as he was born. |
C.His kidneys were damaged by an illness at birth. |
D.He had to depend on dialysis to live all his life. |
A.performed | B.cancelled | C.continued | D.delayed |
A.The author’s son was always ready to do what he was required. |
B.Stefan failed to give his kidney because of his poor health. |
C.The operation couldn’t have been successful without the specialist. |
D.The couple had already been informed of his son’s condition before. |
A.Helpful and considerate. | B.Clumsy and careless. |
C.Modest and devoted. | D.Easy-going and cheerful. |
2 . Alexander Tsao, a keen rock climber for several years, was climbing the walls at a gym near his home in Redmond, Washington, when he noticed that the ropes were frequently being replaced with new ones. Just 16 at the time, Tsao wondered what happened to the old ropes. He asked the gym owners and found out the ropes had to be discarded regularly due to safety regulations. He was surprised to find that so many ropes were sent to landfills.
This discovery inspired him to find a solution to the environmental issue of climbing rope waste. He considered possible ideas and ways to up cycle the discarded ropes, deciding to turn them into leashes (拴狗带) for dogs.
Once he had made his plan, Tsao contacted all the climbing gyms in Washington State, introducing his idea of recycling old ropes. Some were doubtful at first, but many gyms agreed to donate their used ropes. Tsao spent months testing and designing his products and filling documents to become a nonprofit organization which he called Rocks2Dogs.
To make the leashes, Tsao and volunteers first wash and dry the ropes. They cut them into different lengths, ranging from4 to 10 feet, and then burn the ends to prevent them from fraying (磨损). They add a clip and handle to each end, and cover the leash’s hardware with shrink tape.
Because making the leashes now is a full-time job, Tsao has asked his friends, family and neighbors for help. “We have made and sold over a thousand leashes, which add up to over 10,000 feet of rope being saved from landfills,” says Tsao. The leashes come in various colors. There are also half-price leashes made from ropes with slight imperfections. These start at $7.49 while most other leashes start at $ 14.99. To date, the nonprofit has raised more than $ 35,000. Much of this money has been donated to animal shelters.
1. What did Tsao discover?A.Rock climbing might do harm to health. |
B.The gym didn’t obey safety regulations. |
C.Many old climbing ropes went to waste. |
D.Landfills caused damage to the environment. |
A.To call on climbing gyms to donate ropes. |
B.To transform retired ropes into dog leashes. |
C.To upcycle old leashes saved from landfills. |
D.To set up an environmental organization. |
A.Efforts to promote the ropes. |
B.Reasons for starting Rocks2Dogs. |
C.Ways to reuse discarded waste. |
D.Steps for making the leashes. |
A.Tsao succeeds in the leash business. |
B.Animal protection gain’s more attention. |
C.More people volunteered to help Tsao. |
D.Leashes are very popular with pet owners. |
3 . Born into poverty on 21 May 1799, Mary Anning had to work hard from a young age. Her parents had 10 children, of whom only two survived childhood — Mary and her elder brother Joseph. Mary’s own survival was said by her parents to be a wonder. At the age of 15 months, a sudden rainstorm hit the shelter, where Mary, her babysitter, and two children stayed. A lightning strike killed them all except Mary.
She didn’t have formal education and was only taught to read at a Sunday school. Raised in the seaside holiday village of Lyme Regis in Dorset, Mary and Joseph made a living by selling fossils to holidaymakers at their father’s waterfront booth.
Her life changed in 1811 when Joseph noticed bones mixed together with rock. Unknown to them, this was the first ever discovery of an ichthyosaurus (鱼龙), a marine lizard from the Triassic period. Anning noted down every find she made, and after failing to find any new fossils for over a year, in 1821 she made her next discovery, digging up three more ichthyosaur skeletons. This was followed two years later by an even more impressive find — a complete plesiosaur (蛇颈龙). This was so extraordinary that many leading scientists declared it fake, unwilling to believe that an uneducated 24-year-old could find such remarkable remains. Additionally, society at the time was highly religious and many rejected these discoveries as they conflicted with the teachings of the Bible.
Despite the setback, Anning continued to make more shocking revelations. Anning also dug up fossilized waste, which made experts know the diets of prehistoric creatures. But her biggest find of all was the first complete skeleton of a pterosaur (翼龙) in 1828.
All of Mary Anning’s discoveries helped influence the study of paleontology (古生物学) as scientists began to take an increased interest in fossilized animals and plants. Her work also encouraged people to question the history of the Earth in more detail and encouraged girls and those from poor backgrounds by proving that they could succeed in scientific study, a profession mainly controlled by wealthy upper-class men.
1. What can we learn about Mary Anning from the first two paragraphs?A.It was not easy for her to survive. |
B.She didn’t experience the lightning strike. |
C.She sold fossils to the locals in the supermarkets on weekends. |
D.It was impossible for her to find a job outside. |
A.Because Joseph mixed bones together with rock. |
B.Because Anning didn’t study the ichthyosaurus when she was at school. |
C.Because Anning wasn’t well-educated and the discovery conflicted with the Bible. |
D.Because Anning didn’t believe in the Bible. |
A.her get international fame |
B.make her become more professional |
C.experts better understand prehistoric creatures |
D.convince the leading scientists of her discovery |
A.The process of her findings. |
B.The significance of her discoveries. |
C.The discoveries of fossilized animals. |
D.The background of her scientific study. |