2 . What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．Industrial production.

B．Automated machinery.

C．Their work.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?

A．Colleagues.

B．Friends.

C．Classmates.

2. Why doesn't Sharon work in her own office?

A．Her desk in it isn't big enough.

B．She doesn't like it at all.

C．Mr.Smith doesn't allow her to.

3. What does Mr.Smith offer to do?

A．Put a small desk in Sharon's office.

B．Help Sharon with the mail himself.

C．Ask Miss Green to help Sharon.

4. What will Sharon do next?

A．Attend the meeting

B．Finish her work on her own

C．Clean up her office by herself

5 . 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Measurement done right can transform your organization. It can not only show you where you are now, but can get you to wherever you want to go. Measurement is important to high performance, improvement, and, ultimately, success in business, or in any other area of human effort. Measuring what matters is more important than most things we do. Here are 5 ideas for how to become more conscious of what you can stop doing, in order to make the time for performance measurement.

1. Stop reporting measures that no one uses. Be daring—stop reporting what you know isn’t being used, and if anyone notices, use it as an opportunity to start a conversation about how to decide what is worth measuring and reporting.

2. Reduce your time in meetings and the number of meetings you attend. Meetings always take longer than they need to. The big time wasters are tangents, people arriving late and violent agreements that mistakenly sound like useful debates. Start on time, finish early and diplomatically manage the discussion. Reduce and Agree only to meetings that have a clear purpose that is aligned to your role and responsibilities. Don’t go to meetings out of obligation or interest alone.

3. Rank your main concerns and drop the bottom 10. List your tasks, both what you are doing and what you should be doing, and rank them in order of importance. Simply stop doing the bottom 10—they are likely to have consequences far less than failing to measure what matters. Design your weekly schedule to make time for measurement. Set a regular time in your diary that you block out for measurement related activities, and then put the remainder of your tasks around that. Put the big rocks (the important stuff) in first and you’ll fit more of the smaller rocks in anyway.

4.Bring up measurement in conversations and existing meetings. Don’t wait for measurement time. Use natural conversations that have even minor importance to performance and results as an opportunity to talk about measures that matter. Set yourself progress goals for choosing, creating and using measures, and reward yourself when you achieve them. You can get others to hold you accountable. Agree progress goals with your manager or colleagues or customers for choosing, creating and using measures. Set regular check in time with them to pat you on the back or face the music.

5.Save time by stopping when it’s good enough. Stop over processing whatever you do, and get clear about the point at which you’ve done what will work, and don’t waste time.

Title: The key to success is MEASUREMENT
Paragraph main idea	Supporting details
Functions of measurement	·Change     1     now and build a bright future.
	·Important to high performance, improvement, and, ultimately, success in business and other fields.
Be daring or brave	Report measurements     2     by others
Reduction	3	It may waste your time.
	number of meetings	Reason	A waste of time
		Way	Attend those having     4
List	Way	·List your tasks and drop     5
		·Rank them in order of importance
		·Design your weekly schedule
		·Set a regular time     6
	Aim	Make useful time for reasonable
		measurement
Discussion	Way	·Make use of natural conversations or     7    .
		·Set clear aim you can achieve and     8     when yousucceed.
		·Agree     9     with your boss or colleagues or customers.
		·Ensure time to check in the progress.
10	Way	·Stop when it’s good enough.
		·Know your situation well and your next plan.

6 . 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

To keep the creative juices flowing, employees should be receptive to criticism

Researchers have been curious about whether negative feedback really makes people perform better, particularly when it comes to completing creative tasks. The literature has been mixed about this. In a recent investigation, Kim, who in May will join the Cambridge Judge Business School as an assistant professor, observed –– through a field experiment and a lab experiment –– and reported on how receiving negative feedback might impact the creativity of the recipients(接受者).

In both studies, Kim found that negative feedback can inspire or prevent creative thinking. What is most important is where the criticism comes from. When creative professionals or participants received criticism from a boss or a peer, they tended to be less creative in their subsequent work. Interestingly, if an individual received negative feedback from an employee of lower rank, they benefited from it and became more creative.

Some aspects of these findings seem intuitive(凭直觉的). “It makes sense that employees might feel threatened by criticism from their managers,” says Kim. “Supervisors have a lot of influence in deciding promotions or pay raises. So negative feedback from a boss might cause career anxieties.” It also stands to reason that feedback from a co-worker might also be received as threatening because we often compete with our peers for the same promotions and opportunities.

When we feel that pressure from above or from our peers, we tend to fixate on the stressful aspects of it and end up being less creative in our future work, says Kim.

What Kim found most surprising was how negative feedback from their followers (employees that they manage) made supervisors more creative.

“It’s a bit counterintuitive(反直觉的) because we tend to believe we shouldn’t criticize the boss,” says Kim. “In reality, most supervisors are willing to receive negative feedback and learn from it. It’s not that they enjoy criticism –– rather, they are in a natural power position and can cope with the discomfort of negative feedback better.”

The key takeaways: bosses and coworkers need to be more careful when they offer negative feedback to someone they manage or to their peers. And feedback recipients need to worry less when it comes to receiving criticism, says Kim.

“The tough part of being a manager is pointing out a follower’s poor performance or weak points. But it’s a necessary part of the job,” says Kim. “If you’re a supervisor, just be aware that your negative feedback can hurt your followers’ creativity. Followers tend to receive negative feedback personally. Therefore, keep your feedback specific to tasks. Explain how the point you’re discussing relates to only their task behavior, not to aspects of the person.”

In short, anyone who wants to offer negative feedback on the job should do so attentively and sensitively and to promote creativity at work, we should all be receptive to criticism from supervisors, peers and followers.

To keep the creative juices flowing, employees should be receptive to criticism
Introduction to the topic	Experiments are conducted to find out whether negative feedback    1    people’s performance or not.
	Negative feedback can inspire or hold back creativity,    2    on where the criticism comes from.
3    of the study	Criticism from a boss or a peer    4    creativity, while negative feedback from lower rank employees will be    5    .
	Our work is greatly influenced by our supervisors, so their criticism might bring about anxieties.
6    for the phenomena	We compete with our peers for the same opportunities, thus feeling    7    by their negative feedback.
	Supervisors are in a favourable    8    and can learn from their followers’ negative feedback.
Enlightenment from the study	When offering criticism to followers or peers, bosses and coworkers need to keep it    9    to their tasks.
	Recipients should adopt a positive    10    towards others’ criticism.

7 . The phrase "digital nomads(游民)" suggests joyful people who escape their daily work to travel the world, working with laptops on beaches. Relevant statistics regularly made the headline: “There will be one billion digital nomads by 2035".

I started researching digital nomads in 2015, and it took me three years to develop an understanding of what might be going on. I've met hundreds of people who think of themselves as digital nomads and many more who have dreamed about becoming one. The first thing I learned is that how people feel about the label “digital nomad" changes over time. People starting out often assume it's a permanent lifestyle, but that's rarely the case. One of my respondents explained, “I don't go around calling myself a digital nomad now. It's a bit silly." Indeed, there's still debate about whether it's a buzzword(时髦用语) or a real phenomenon. Some have even tried to figure out how “authentic" a digital nomad is, by how much they move from place to place. And there has been heated debate online about who's a real digital nomad, and who is merely self-promoting.

Most of the digital nomads I spoke to, who once had well-paid jobs, told me that they were escaping from deeply-rooted problems in the contemporary Western workplace. One of my respondents, Zeb, was working three restaurant jobs to pay the rent in San Francisco. The city sucked up all his time and money. This made him abandon his plans to sell recycled products online. Swapping expensive California for affordable South-East Asia helped Zeb to launch his own business. Lisette a skilled translator from Hamburg, Germany, is able to produce high-quality work quickly. She soon tired of the culture of presenteeism (出勤主义) at her workplace. She explained, “I'm efficient and I like to get the work done and leave on time. :Others were obviously scared to leave first, so they would sit at their desks and play with their computers."

Nearly 40% of British adults believe their jobs don't make sense. Their housing is of poor quality and too expensive, and the economies don't provide young people with wages they can live on. With these challenges, it's hardly surprising that those new to the world are already desperate to escape. Yet there are certain complexities that come with living as a citizen of the world. As Lsstte said, "Digital nomads can quickly become isolated." Digital nomads have to shoulder responsibility for almost every aspect of modern life: their mental health, daily routine, income, safety and shelter. Most digital nomads travel on tourist visas, which requires them to move regularly ---an experience my participants have described as disorienting (使人迷失方向的).

For those digital nomads who make a living as professional bloggers, it's also part of their job to sell the life-style. As a result, many try to present a stable and happy image online. Lissette explained, "There 's a danger---when my aunt sees my picture online, she thinks that everything looks so happy here on the beach. Of course, my digital identity always looks happier than my real life." But at some point, most of my research participants feel sorrow for the loss of some aspects, such as location dependence, regular work hours. or an office party. They miss some of the things they were escaping. Many nomads I've interviewed just pack up and go home without telling anyone. Being a digital nomad can be rewarding and offers an escape from the boring office hour. But it’s important that digital nomads think deeply about the importance of community and mental health in their lives. Freedom does not mean the same thing for everyone.

1. What does the author think of digital nomads?

A．Easy to get on with.	B．Difficult to define.
C．Extremely popular.	D．About to disappear.

2. What led Lissette to escape from her workplace?

A．Fierce competition.	B．Economic pressure.
C．Rigid working system.	D．Violation of personal space.

3. What is an attractive aspect of being a digital nomad according to paragraph 4?

A．Travelling the world.	B．Enjoying more free time.
C．Receiving steady incomes.	D．Being free from real-life pressures.

4. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?

A．Think twice before becoming a digital nomad.

B．Share your real life and job on the Internet.

C．Have a much more comfortable lifestyle.

D．Resign from a dead-end job as soon as possible.

5. What would be the best title of the passage?

A．Digital nomads: what future jobs will be like

B．Digital nomads: a trend that will take over the world

C．Digital nomads: an effective way to escape your everyday work

D．Digital nomads: what it's really like to work while traveling the world

8 . If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York Times. or any establishment publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!” And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort Working in restaurants was honest labor, anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.

But renewing was fun. so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn't do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking Professionally.

Then I stopped cooking altogether. “She's joined the leisure class.” my friend said.

I disarmed (消解怒气)) my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing (侵入))on the playgrounds of the rich.

We didn't belong in starchy restaurants. We knew it, and when we climbed out of my rent - a - wreck, splendid in years from the Salvation Army, everybody else knew it, too. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didn't own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly prestigious (声誉高的)publications. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, ^“How could you?”

The voice is still there, yakking (喋喋不休)away. When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yaks right along, “They're absolutely right, you elitist pig is hisses”. And when it asks. “When are you going to grow up and get a real job?^” it sounds a lot like my mother.

And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts idling me that all I'm doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed.

Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age. American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera; today, it is more like going to the movies.

And so everyone has become a critic. I couldn't be happier. The more people pay attention to what and how they eat, the more accustomed they become to their own senses and the world around them.

When I remember that conversation with M. F. K. Fisher, I wish I had not been quite so gentle. When I rerun the loop in my mind, I turn to her and say this: “No, you are wrong. A. J. Liebling had it right. All it really takes to be a restaurant critic is a good appetite.”

1. How did the author feel about the job as a restaurant critic at the very beginning?

A．She didn't think much of it

B．She was the ambitious one for it.

C．It was not suitable for a cook like her.

D．It was not easy to work for the mainstream press.

2. What does the third paragraph talk about?

A．A strong desire to be invited to eat out like the rich.

B．A mixed feeling of guilt and pleasure about eating out.

C．A mixed feeling of guilt and pleasure going into private property.

D．A special treat to be able to go into private property for fun.

3. What does the underlined sentence “The year turned into two, and three, and more.” In paragraph 4 mean?

A．She stayed in the career as a cook for years.

B．She kept on writing as a restaurant critic for years.

C．It was years before she quit the career as a cook.

D．It was years before her application for a credit card got approved.

4. The underlined word ''indecent'' in paragraph 5 most probably means .

A．worthwhile

B．critical

C．unacceptable

D．imperfect

5. What changes have taken place to American restaurants?

A．They have places for both the rich and the poor.

B．They have varieties of means for entertainment.

C．They have become too expensive to be available.

D．They have become affordable to common people,

6. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

A．The writer is getting tired of the job.

B．good appetite makes a good critic.

C．There is no need for restaurant critics at all.

D．Eating out is no longer a privilege the rich have.

9 . 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

How many cabs in New York City? How many tears in a bottle of wine? These aren’t just the lyrics (歌词)to a song by the Australian musician Paul Kelly. They are the kind of questions you are likely to be asked during a job interview.

In recent years, it has become common for bosses to ask interview questions that are impossible to answer. There is no right answer to these “brainteasers”. Instead, they are supposed to help an interviewer calculate an applicant’s ability to reason. What matters is how you come to the conclusion, not what conclusion you arrive at.

Brainteasers started out in management consultancy firms. Young graduates hoping to join the company would be asked: “How many phone booths are there in Manhattan?” They weren ’ t expected to blurt out (脱 口说出)a random number — instead, they were expected to show they could solve even the most stupid problem.

As consultants swarmed across other organizations, they bought their inscrutable (难 以理解的)questions with them. Now, people applying for a job in a call centre can expect to be asked how a nuclear power plant works.

While many bosses have great confidence in how good or effective brainteasers are, a research paper published in the journal Applied Psychology found they are useless for spotting the best candidate for the job. What they are great for is to make employers feel like intellectual giants.

The study’s findings are not surprising. Studies have repeatedly found that most methods of selecting job candidates are hopelessly flawed (有缺点的).Job interviews are among the worst way of picking the right person for the job.

The results of this research raise the question: if interviews are bad at picking the right person for the job, what are they there for? One feeling I have is that many job selection processes are thinly disguised (伪装的)forms of suffering, designed to make applicants feel worthless and boost the confidence of the person asking the question.

Think about the extensive list of personal skills required for even the most lowly entry-level job. Or those painful assessment centres where you are supposed to play nice with people you are competing against to get the job. And then there are the firms that ask applicants to make a presentation to convey how awesome the firms are. All these exercises seem designed not to get the best person for the role, but to assure the boss how great they are, and remind you just how lucky you would be to get this boring job.

Passage outline	Supporting details
Introduction to brainteasers	They are widely used in job interviews and the answers are     1     to interpretation. They focus more on an applicant’s    2     skills rather than the outcomes.
3     and popularity of brainteasers	They started out in management consultancy firms and spread to other organizations. Nowadays，a job applicant is often asked questions     4     to the job he applies for.
Research findings	5     to popular belief of the bosses, brainteasers are actually useless for selecting candidates. They are just meant to show off the     6     of the employers.
In—depth Analysis	Many job selection processes make job applicants have a poor     7     of themselves and the employers more confident. Some job applicants are asked to show skills, some of which are     8     the requirements of a certain occupation. In some assessment centres, job applicants are required to play nice with their     9    . Some job applicants are supposed to make a presentation to     10     the firms.

10 . 阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
Interviewing someone for a job is not as easy as it looks. First, as the interviewer, you’re tasked with finding the person who will not only do the job well but also fit in well with the other employees.
You have to make an evaluation of abstract qualities that can’t be found on a résumé. Because you have to repeat the process for every potential employee, you end up asking question after question, applicant after applicant.
Still, interviewers need to be told something: “What is your biggest weakness?” is not a good question. It just isn’t.
Now, job seekers have to understand that interviewers want to find some way to know what makes an applicant different from others. Asking questions that are seemingly impossible to answer is one way to see who can think creatively. Then what may be a proper way to respond to such a question?
Honesty, with a twist（新手法）
“‘What are your three strengths and three weaknesses?’ is a classic, but not too many people know how to answer this,” says Kenneth C. Wisnefski, founder and CEO of WebiMax, an online marketing company.
“As an interviewer, we want to hear strengths that describe initiative（主动性）, motivation and dedication. The best way to respond is to include these qualities into specific ‘personal statements.’”
“Similarly, weaknesses should be positioned as a strength that can benefit the employer.”
“I like to hear applicants state an exaggerated strength, and put an interesting twist on it. An example of this is, ‘My initiative is so strong, that sometimes I take on too many projects at a time.’”
This answer leads with a strength that employers want — initiative — and still acknowledges that you’re not perfect.
Although you might consider this acknowledgement too honest, it works because it proves you’re being honest.
Honesty, with progress
When you consider what your weaknesses are, think about how you have attempted to overcome them. No one is perfect, so pretending that you are a perfectionist will come across as insincere.
Debra Davenport, author of “Career Shuffle,” believes citing(引用) examples are the best approach.
“My preferred response for this question is to tell the truth without damaging the applicant’s image.” Davenport explains.
“A better response might be, ‘I’ve had some challenges with work-life balance in the past and I realize that a life out of balance isn’t good for me, my family or my employer. I’ve taken the time to learn better time and project management, and I’m also committed to my overall wellness.’”
The answer adds some dimension to the question, and proves you’ve thought beyond the answer. You’ve actually changed your behavior to address the situation, even if you haven’t completely overcome the weakness.
Put yourself in the interviewer’s shoes
However you decide to answer, Debra Yergen, author of “Creating Job Security Resource Guide,” recommends job seekers imagine themselves sitting on the other side of the desk.
“If you were doing the hiring, what would you be looking for? What would be your motivation for asking certain questions? Who would you be trying to weed out? If you can empathize (共鸣) with the interviewer, you can better understand what they want and need, and then frame your qualifications to meet their needs for the position you seek.”
Once you consider what the goal of the question is and figure out what your honest answer is, you’ll be able to give the best possible answer to a tricky question.

Job Interviews	Details
Tasks for a job interviewer	☆ Find the person both doing the job well and    1    along well with other employees. ☆    2    abstract qualities of applicants by asking one question after another.
3    to interviewees for replying to a tricky question	☆ Understand that the interviewers want to    4    between applicants and that asking a question seemingly impossible to answer is one way to see an applicant’s    5    . ☆ Be    6    and inventive when asked about your weaknesses, and respond properly. ☆ Never    7    you are perfect, which may be believed to be insincere. ☆Try to show that you’ve changed a lot    8    you haven’t completely get rid of your weaknesses. ☆ Put yourself in the interviewer’s shoes and have a better    9    of their needs for the job.
Conclusion	☆ With the goal of the question    10    into account and the honest answer in your mind, you will be able to give the best possible answer.