2 . 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Why Should You Be an Intrapreneur at work?

Wikipedia defines intrapreneurship as “the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization.” In my view, intrapreneurs are people who have a strong interest in thinking outside the box, pushing new ideas forward in their companies and speaking their mind.

Taking this road isn’t usually a popular choice. It’s easier to go with the flow, collect your paycheck and call it a day. However, the benefits of being an empowered, vocal (直言不讳的) employee are huge. Becoming an intrapreneur at work can help your career and even the careers of people around you in a variety of ways.

Speaking up when something isn’t going as you think it should - even if it’s just the way a project is being approached - demonstrates confidence and forward thinking. If you’ve never viewed yourself as a leader, this might seem very daunting (使人畏缩的) at first. And many people, women especially, might even feel as though they need permission to make their voice heard. The following quote opened my eyes and shifted my perspective on this many years ago:

“The thing women have yet to learn is nobody gives you power. You just take it.”

-Roseanne Barr          

Even if they disagree with you, your colleagues are more likely to respect you as a professional if you demonstrate assertiveness (自信) and independent thinking. Respect yourself and your own ideas, and others will respect you in turn.

Intrapreneurs understand that their careers are in their own hands. If they’re unhappy at work or don’t like something about their workplace or responsibilities, they don’t complain about it; they take steps to change it. Being active instead of passive about your goals and personal vision will make you happier - with your job and yourself - in the long run.

Vocal employees are more likely to produce a culture where everyone believes they can contribute to a larger conversation about the company and its future. This is the key to producing a truly collaborative (协作的) culture that fosters loyalty.

Intrapreneurs don’t think of an idea and then shelve (搁置) it because “the boss will never go for it.” They push forward and ensure their ideas have a voice. They also think creatively about finding a way to make the idea fit within an existing initiative or program. Without people who’re willing to go to bat for their ideas, nothing new and innovative is likely to happen.

Wouldn’t you rather be that person?

Why Should You Be an Intrapreneur at work?
Concept of an intrapreneur	Someone who tends to think     1     and speak up in the workplace
2     of being an intrapreneur	It demonstrates leadership.	◆ To say what you think if you find anything     3     during work is a demonstration of confidence and forward thinking. ◆ Hard as it is to make one’s voice heard,     4     for women, you should give yourself the power to express your ideas.
	You’ll be more respected.	◆ If you think     5    , your colleagues will respect you even if they hold different ideas.
	You will be happier.	◆ Facing something not       6     during work, an intrapreneur won’t complain but act to change the situation. ◆ Being active will bring more happiness to you.
	Your company will become a better place for everyone to work in.	An intrapreneur       7    other people in the company to put forward ideas, which helps to       8     a working environment where everyone likes to work together and faithfully.
	Pioneering new ideas is how innovation happens	◆ An intrapreneur won’t come up with a new idea and then give it up. ◆ An intrapreneur will use his or her brain to     9     the new idea to a(n)     10     program. ◆ It is because of the new ideas brought up by an intrapreneur that innovation appears in the company.

3 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In today’s world, most workers are highly specialized, but this specialization can come at a cost — especially for those on the wrong team. New research by Harvard’s Growth Lab uncovers the importance of teams and coworkers when it comes to one’s productivity, earning potential, and stays of employment. The research analyzed administrative data on the 9 million inhabitants of Sweden. It found that to earn high wages and returns on education, workers must find coworkers who complement(互补), but not substitute, them.

The research offers a tool to assess the right and wrong coworkers in fields of expertise. The right coworkers are those with skills you lack, yet needed to complete a team. The wrong coworkers are those who replicate(重叠) your skillset and eventually lower your value to the employer. For example, those with a degree in Architecture are best assisted by workers with engineering, construction, or surveying degrees, and negatively impacted by those with landscape or interior(室内) design degrees.

“We tend to think of skills as something personal that individuals can market to a company,” said Frank Neffke, Growth Lab Research Director. “However, this vision of skills is too simplistic. One person’s skills connect to another person’s skills, etc., and the better these connections, the more productive workers will be, and the more they will earn.” Neffke adds that the benefits of working with complementary coworkers are not the same for all workers. Those with higher levels of education seem to benefit much more from working in complementary teams than workers with lower levels. Over the past 20 years, workers with college degrees or higher have been increasingly able to find better matching coworkers.

Complementarity also drives careers. The research shows that people tend to stay longer in organizations with many complementary workers and tend to leave those with many workers who substitute them. These results hold true for up to 20 years of one’s career.

The research also supports several well-known facts, such as cities and large firms pay higher wages. Workers are more likely to find better fitting teams in cities, and large firms often allow workers to specialize.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . A true reality of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble ______ can be dangerous.

For example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless ______.

Another potential ______ assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. ______, less than 15 percent of today's retirees kept working that long.

"If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble," says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. "It should be a ______ to a solid savings and spending plan, not the foundation."

It's simply too ______ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who ______ the work force earlier than they expected did so because they felt they could ______ afford to.

______, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined (倾向于) to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee ______ retirement: $50,000.

Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can ______   overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That's not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on "financial wellness" strategies to get workers ready to retire ______ than programs to help workers delay retirement.

Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of "transition" program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or ______ to a different role.

"Workers' vision of retirement is changing faster than employers' business ______," said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase the ______ they can continue to work longer, if that's part of the plan.

1.

A．pessimism

B．optimism

C．concern

D．consideration

2.

A．relying on

B．holding back

C．accounting for

D．turning down

3.

A．reliable

B．possible

C．flawed

D．firm

4.

A．As a result

B．In addition

C．Needless to say

D．By comparison

5.

A．complement

B．composition

C．compliment

D．comprehension

6.

A．ridiculous

B．sensible

C．risky

D．logical

7.

A．extended

B．exited

C．existed

D．remained

8.

A．economically

B．mentally

C．financially

D．physically

9.

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Instead

D．Moreover

10.

A．delays

B．expects

C．gets

D．decides

11.

A．influence

B．decrease

C．increase

D．transform

12.

A．later

B．sooner

C．faster

D．slower

13.

A．shifting

B．altering

C．ranging

D．functioning

14.

A．deals

B．practices

C．customs

D．operations

15.

A．prospect

B．capabilities

C．odds

D．outputs

5 . When Mrs Green asked us to discover our professions（职业）, the whole class seemed to be greatly surprised. Our professions? We were only 13 and 14 years old! The teacher must be _____．“Yes, you will all be searching for your future ____．Each of you will have to ____ someone in your field and give an oral report.”

Each day in her class, Mrs Green talked about this. Finally, I picked print journalism(新闻业). This ____ I had to go to interview a true newspaper reporter. I was nervous. I sat down in front of him ____ able to speak. He looked at me and said, “Did you bring a pencil or pen?”

I shook my head.

“How about some ____?”

I shook my head again．

Finally, I thought he ____ I was nervous, and I got my first big tip as a ____：“Never, never go anywhere without a pen and paper．You never know what you’ll run into.” After a few days, I gave my oral report totally from_____in class. I got an A on the project．

Years later, I was in college looking around for a new career(职业), but with no success．Then I_____ Mrs Green and my dream at 13 to be a journalist. And I called my parents. They didn’t ____ me. They just reminded(提醒) me how competitive the field was and ____ all my life I had to run away from competition. This was true. But journalism did something to me; it was in my____. It gave me the freedom to go up to total strangers and ask what was _____.

For the past 12 years, I’ve had the most satisfying reporting career, ____ stories from Olympic Games to car accidents and ____ choosing my strongest area. ____ I went to pick up my phone one day, an incredible（令人难以置信的）wave of memories hit me and I realized that ____ Mrs Green I was able to be sitting at that desk.

I get ____ all the time：“How did you pick journalism?”

“Well, you see, there was a teacher…”I just wish I could ____ her．

1.

A．embarrassing

B．mad

C．patient

D．enthusiastic

2.

A．universities

B．families

C．professions

D．lives

3.

A．interview

B．describe

C．admire

D．face

4.

A．considered

B．ordered

C．expected

D．meant

5.

A．hardly

B．nearly

C．naturally

D．completely

6.

A．preparations

B．newspapers

C．drink

D．paper

7.

A．realized

B．imagined

C．impressed

D．admitted

8.

A．student

B．journalist

C．teacher

D．writer

9.

A．notes

B．books

C．imagination

D．memory

10.

A．called

B．remembered

C．recognized

D．visited

11.

A．answer

B．laugh

C．stop

D．promise

12.

A．how

B．whether

C．when

D．where

13.

A．life

B．body

C．blood

D．opinion

14.

A．coming in

B．coming out

C．going up

D．going on

15.

A．creating

B．finding

C．covering

D．writing

16.

A．finally

B．firstly

C．of course

D．in all

17.

A．While

B．When

C．As long as

D．Once

18.

A．refer to

B．thanks to

C．up to

D．thanks for

19.

A．hurt

B．examined

C．tested

D．asked

20.

A．respect

B．support

C．thank

D．favor

6 . Migrant workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have ____ most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the ____ in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to ____ outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

In view of the ____ living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a ____ attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low ____ or a complete lack of it. This ____ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. ____, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. ____, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ____ to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do ____ work in their home country.

One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are ____ ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be ____ since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this ____, along with others, because of the ____ financial benefits which they receive.

1.

A．presented

B．devoted

C．adapted

D．restricted

2.

A．style

B．evidence

C．case

D．hint

3.

A．call in

B．bring up

C．turn down

D．help out

4.

A．excellent

B．difficult

C．fair

D．stable

5.

A．casual

B．familiar

C．major

D．final

6.

A．consumption

B．pressure

C．competition

D．taxation

7.

A．occupies

B．increases

C．blocks

D．protects

8.

A．For example

B．In particular

C．By comparison

D．In other words

9.

A．Therefore

B．Likewise

C．Consequently

D．However

10.

A．agreement

B．outcome

C．prediction

D．challenge

11.

A．skillful

B．vivid

C．routine

D．potential

12.

A．temporary

B．ordinary

C．voluntary

D．revolutionary

13.

A．claimed

B．criticized

C．considered

D．expected

14.

A．sacrifice

B．reminder

C．disadvantage

D．appreciation

15.

A．limited

B．considerable

C．reasonable

D．potential

7 . Security guard, truck driver, salesperson—year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job _________ —unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement—these three jobs _________ for another reason: a lack of small talk.

Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under _________ . In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then _________ each conversations either “small talk” (“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) or “serious” (“Did they break up soon after?”). They found that the second type is connected with happiness—the happiest students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, _________ only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.

However, don’t just consider small talk _________ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could _________ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.

Small talk can also help us feel connected to our _________ . People who smiled at, made eye contact with and _________ spoke with their Starbucks baristas (咖啡师) reported a greater sense of __________ than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __________ , when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not __________.

Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation __________ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help   __________ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive social __________.”

Therefore, go ahead—small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.

1.

A．rewarding

B．depressing

C．exhausting

D．challenging

2.

A．stand out

B．turn up

C．give off

D．put forward

3.

A．negotiation

B．construction

C．investigation

D．examination

4.

A．divided

B．entitled

C．imposed

D．cataloged

5.

A．figured out

B．made up

C．look over

D．added to

6.

A．worthless

B．essential

C．boring

D．ridiculous

7.

A．occupy

B．satisfy

C．brighten

D．spoil

8.

A．emotions

B．heart

C．customers

D．surroundings

9.

A．purposefully

B．briefly

C．continuously

D．generally

10.

A．responsibility

B．security

C．belonging

D．achievement

11.

A．Consequently

B．Oppositely

C．Unexpectedly

D．Similarly

12.

A．approached

B．attached

C．addressed

D．attended

13.

A．breaking

B．pausing

C．rolling

D．stopping

14.

A．evolving

B．substituting

C．adapting

D．transforming

15.

A．interaction

B．standard

C．impact

D．involvement