1 . If your boss yells, blames you, and then takes the credit for your work—even it is a rare incident—it can have a bad effect on your well-being and performance at the workplace.
“Thankfully, abusive leadership isn’t too common, but when it happens it leaves employees far less likely to take the initiative and work to improve business practices,” said Howie Xu, an author of a new study carried out by an international group of researchers. “We wanted to understand the cogmitive factors behind that effect—and find out how companies can protect their employees from the negative impact of bad bosses.”
Xu’s team surveyed employees and supervisors from 42 different South Korean companies, along with hundreds of US students, to explore the ways in which abusive supervision impacts“taking charge”behavior by employees. Subjects were then ranked according to whether they actively seek positive opportunities for promotion and advancement or take a more preventative approach that prioritizes safety and job security.
“We theorized that both the drive to obtain rewards (promotion, bonuses) and the drive to avoid punishments (maintain job security) would shape the way employees respond to abusive bosses,” Xu explained. But that’ s not what Xu and his team found. Rather, they found that employees who prioritized career advancement were strongly affected by abusive leadership while employees who prioritized job security remained just as likely to take charge after experiencing abusive leadership.
One possible explanation, Xu said, is that ambitious employees may think an abusive boss has direct control over whether they will receive bonuses or opportunities for promotion. By contrast, bad bosses may be seen as having less direct control over fring decisions, which often require ratification (批准) by HR teams or more senior managers.
That’s an important finding, because it suggests that organizations seeking to lessen the impact of bad leadership should focus on giving power to employees and making them feel valued and appreciated, rather than simply apologizing and making them feel sure that their jobs are safe.
1. What do Howio Xu’s words in paragraph 2 suggest?A.It’s urgent for companies to replace their bad bosses. |
B.Companies should perfect their staff evaluation system. |
C.Becoming a victim of abusive leadership is very normal. |
D.Abusive leadership lowers employees’ work enthusiasm. |
A.The finding had a solid theory foundation. |
B.The finding was beyond the study team’s expectations. |
C.Employees tend to put potential rewards before everything else. |
D.Employees generally hold an unfriendly attitude toward abusive bosses. |
A.Give them suitable recognition. | B.Guarantee them job security. |
C.Seek help from professionals. | D.Make a sincere apology to them. |
A.It’s Possible to Keep a Bad Boss at Bay |
B.It’ s Important to Avoid Becoming a Bad Boss |
C.Having a Bad Boss May Make You a Worse Employee |
D.Having Bad HR Teams Keeps You Away from Job Satisfaction |
2 . Fatima has been the only woman working as a tour guide in Afghanistan. The 22-year-old grew up leading
She grew up in rural Gohr Province, where there was no schooling
“I thought a lot during these years,” Fatima says. “My brothers and sisters were
She signed up for Facebook and began joining groups for people interested in history.
After she began writing her
Tom recommended her to someone else, and Fatima continued to get work by word of mouth. Eventually she came to the
Of course, being a pioneer is never
Fatima says that the
A.cattle | B.sheep | C.people | D.tourists |
A.available | B.valuable | C.reasonable | D.reliable |
A.risks | B.lessons | C.advantages | D.challenges |
A.hear from | B.get through | C.test out | D.pick up |
A.advised | B.scared | C.forced | D.adjusted |
A.tradition | B.habit | C.trend | D.anecdote |
A.Excited | B.Afraid | C.Tired | D.Delighted |
A.posts | B.letters | C.pages | D.articles |
A.yelled | B.picked | C.cried | D.reached |
A.walking | B.playing | C.showing | D.seeing |
A.light | B.hope | C.internet | D.attention |
A.funny | B.attractive | C.easy | D.satisfying |
A.obviously | B.actually | C.especially | D.specially |
A.support | B.struggle | C.work | D.sympathy |
A.win | B.start | C.survive | D.quit |
3 . An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them.
A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.
If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.
A.This is a ready-made support for you. |
B.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews. |
C.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying. |
D.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave. |
E.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these. |
F.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person. |
G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean. |
4 . My husband jokes with me that my midlife crisis was having my now 11-year-old daughter in my 40s.
I started my career as Associate Editor at Woman’s World magazine in the late 1990s. Then I was a magazine editor-in-chief for five national consumer publications and also contributed to magazines like Longevity and New Woman.
Four years after getting married in 2005, I eventually gave birth to my daughter, Crystal. As I wrote on Parenting.com: “As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes, I realized that my body had produced a wonder.”
While my peers were dealing with the stresses of kids in school, I focused my creative energy on carving out my new identity. I was excited when I was offered a “Mom’s Talk” column where I wrote about toys, breastfeeding, and my ongoing(追求) for “baby-free” time.
When Crystal was 3 years old, I wrote an essay about watching her dance at a toddler(学步的小孩) reading group at the library, instead of sitting down with the other children. I expected her performance to annoy people, but her joyful dancing attracted them and made me consider my own possibilities.
“Had I ever been that way, I wondered. If so, could I be like that again? Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her, ready and willing to be the star of her own production?”
As my daughter transformed from a toddler into a young girl, she continued to be my inspiration. I wrote about the new rules for babysitting and shared research showing that fathers who participated in housework had a positive impact on their daughter’s future success on The Washington Post.
I focused on providing Crystal with resilience-building(韧性) when she neared her teens. I wrote about powerful phrases for The Week, like “no one is the judge of your self-worth”.
As my daughter continues to grow during this messy time, there is one certainty: I will continue to tell my stories, through the eyes of my midlife wisdom. I can’t wait to see her next chapter----and for you to read mine.
1. How did the author feel when giving birth to her daughter?A.Frightened. | B.Pleased. |
C.Puzzled. | D.Disappointed. |
A.she had to deal with more stress from being a mom |
B.she left all the babysitting work to her husband |
C.she combined the new identity with her career |
D.she adopted a creative method of raising her baby |
A.Living the same free life as her daughter’s. |
B.Giving performance in front of a crowd |
C.Her previous life before having the baby. |
D.Pure pleasure during “baby-free” time. |
A.Crystal has inspired her to take a writing career. |
B.She has started writing in the tone of Crystal. |
C.Her writing keeps developing as Crystal grows. |
D.Many of her stories are centered on her daughter. |
5 . I was working as a mechanical engineer, doing designing and product development at my company. I was really having a good time.
However, one day, I got a message for a
In this situation, I had two
I just want to say that no matter how much you
A.fight | B.meeting | C.discussion | D.drink |
A.fault | B.ambition | C.trick | D.performance |
A.carefully | B.immediately | C.independently | D.creatively |
A.first | B.last | C.second | D.third |
A.worked | B.played | C.studied | D.read |
A.gave | B.broke | C.increased | D.rebuilt |
A.score | B.attack | C.decision | D.offer |
A.reasons | B.problems | C.rules | D.choices |
A.needed | B.found | C.had | D.liked |
A.referring to | B.applying for | C.succeeding in | D.adapting to |
A.friends | B.visitors | C.ideas | D.interviews |
A.chose | B.designed | C.received | D.sent |
A.happy | B.depressed | C.optimistic | D.astonished |
A.disagree | B.pay | C.eat | D.fall |
A.bored | B.nervous | C.strong | D.curious |
6 . Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历) , they tend to massage reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organization’s honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
1. Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To present a rule. | B.To clarify a fact. |
C.To make a comparison. | D.To explain a phenomenon. |
A.Overstate. | B.Overturn. | C.Overlook. | D.Overestimate. |
A.They show a position as it is. | B.They are made either in text or video. |
C.They are favorable for bigger firms. | D.They mainly contain negatives of a job. |
A.Pains and gains of employees and employers |
B.How to get the lying out of hiring. |
C.How to be more appealing in hiring. |
D.A wrestle between applicants and companies. |
7 . Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops, Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Simone de Beauvoir and Bob Dylan, to name just a few.
Some of us stick in our earphones as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. You see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
Visual variety is another factor that has an effect on people’s creative thinking process. And hitting different coffee shops each time keeps things even more varied. People come and go. The daylight changes. The aromas (香味) of coffee and food vary.
A.As these cafe settings can also benefit work groups |
B.Just observing them can motivate you to work harder |
C.However, background noise can benefit our creative thinking |
D.But wearing earphones at your desk differs from doing that in a cafe |
E.While we tend not to take conscious notice of these things around us |
F.Whether they’re painters, composers, philosophers, writers or rock singers |
G.There’re many ways coffee shops start our creativity in a way offices or homes don’t |
8 . University of Wisconsin — River Falls
Student Custodian (保管人) Position Description
Title: Student Custodian
Department: Facilities Management
Reports to: Custodial Services Chief
Appointment: Academic Year 2022-2023
Payment: $7. 50 per hour
Position Summary:
The Facilities Management Student Custodian position is an undergraduate student employee working in the academic buildings of campus to assist permanent staff in providing basic custodial duties. This position requires early morning and midmorning hours starting as early as 6:00 a.m.
Responsibilities:
*Maintain classrooms and labs through cleaning floors, blackboards, erasers; replacing chalks; straightening furniture; removing garbage; cleaning wastebaskets, furniture, glass, doors, walls, and other surfaces.* Perform minor building and furniture repair.
* Maintain outside entry areas through the removal of snow, litter, leaves, etc.
* Attend meetings, safety training, etc.
Qualifications and Conditions of Employment:
* Must be enrolled (注册) as a full-time student during the period of employment.
*A grade point average (GPA) of 2.25 or higher before and during employment.
* Must possess the physical and mental strength to perform required work including moving furniture, and work on one’s feet for long periods of time including frequent lifting of up to 50 pounds or more.
*Must attend custodial staff meetings every two weeks.
1. Which of the following describes the position rightly?A.It is a voluntary job. | B.It is an assistance job. |
C.It is an afternoon job. | D.It is provided for a graduate student. |
A.Purchase new furniture. | B.Keep classrooms clean. |
C.Assist students to do their studies. | D.Provide safety training for students. |
A.The grade point average should be 2.5 at least. |
B.Attending staff meetings weekly. |
C.Having enough strength to move furniture. |
D.Being enrolled as a full-time teacher. |
9 . I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn't really understand whether it
A job advertisement for a(n)
I felt a
The biggest change the job brought,
A.messed with | B.applied to | C.relied on | D.waited for |
A.purpose | B.convenience | C.restriction | D.entertainment |
A.reporter | B.lawyer | C.editor | D.typist |
A.independent | B.intelligent | C.successful | D.ambitious |
A.courses | B.references | C.software | D.content |
A.replacement | B.mixture | C.innovation | D.symbol |
A.amused | B.embarrassed | C.touched | D.surprised |
A.Naturally | B.Generally | C.Frequently | D.Finally |
A.contrast | B.shock | C.change | D.shame |
A.reading | B.translating | C.spelling | D.copying |
A.Trapped | B.Hidden | C.Invested | D.Imagined |
A.gaming | B.marketing | C.writing | D.communicating |
A.hits | B.pages | C.profits | D.advertisements |
A.monitors | B.sponsors | C.colleagues | D.audiences |
A.distinction | B.understanding | C.expectation | D.recording |
A.though | B.instead | C.otherwise | D.therefore |
A.go into | B.leave behind | C.refer to | D.set aside |
A.troublesome | B.creative | C.tough | D.conservative |
A.transfer | B.rescue | C.discipline | D.further |
A.lucky | B.popular | C.energetic | D.honest |
10 . A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U. S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1,849 missing service member s were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs; according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
1. What was the telegram about in paragraph 1?A.A New Year dinner. | B.Krueger’s disappearance. |
C.A birthday greeting. | D.John Krueger’s memory. |
A.Because DPAA wants to continue the search. |
B.Because it took long and lacked creativeness. |
C.Because the work was stopped by the military. |
D.Because 141 MIAs’ remains were found in 2021. |
A.Patient. | B.Critical. | C.Doubtful. | D.Approving. |
A.A long search for MIAs. | B.Achievements of DPAA. |
C.Assistance from science. | D.Consequences of wars. |