1 . Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but new research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields, the arts, sciences, and politics. High carefulness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
1. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?A.It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist |
B.Translation makes people knowledgeable. |
C.Moderate effort makes for the best result. |
D.Simple jobs call for being highly careful. |
A.She is determined to succeed. | B.She can address bank problems. |
C.He enjoys eating lunch at table. | D.He is popular with his coworkers. |
A.A good thinker is able to inspire other people. |
B.A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. |
C.Experience unrelated to your job is useless. |
D.Focusing on what you do raises productivity. |
A.Harmony in the workplace. | B.Balance between work and family. |
C.Long-standing workplace culture. | D.Middle-of-the-road work habits. |
2 . A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U. S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1,849 missing service member s were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs; according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
1. What was the telegram about in paragraph 1?A.A New Year dinner. | B.Krueger’s disappearance. |
C.A birthday greeting. | D.John Krueger’s memory. |
A.Because DPAA wants to continue the search. |
B.Because it took long and lacked creativeness. |
C.Because the work was stopped by the military. |
D.Because 141 MIAs’ remains were found in 2021. |
A.Patient. | B.Critical. | C.Doubtful. | D.Approving. |
A.A long search for MIAs. | B.Achievements of DPAA. |
C.Assistance from science. | D.Consequences of wars. |
3 . “When I was a child, I enjoyed watching Chinese dramas such as Princess Pearl and Journey to the West. Fascinated by the Chinese language and culture, I finally pursued it as my major for both my undergraduate and master’s degrees,” said Dinh Thi Thu Ha, a 32-year-old Vietnamese woman working at the waste burning power factory of China First Metallurgical(冶金)Group.
When she first applied for the job in 2019, she aimed for the translator position because the company was preparing for a Vietnam project, its first overseas waste-to-energy factory, in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, and it was in great need of translators. “At first, I wasn’t sure how long I could do the job since the working environment was harsh. We were surrounded by garbage, the smell was terrible and dark-colored water would flow everywhere after the rain,” Dinh recalled. But the demanding environment was not her only difficulty as Dinh soon found out that being bilingual (双语的) wasn’t enough for her to be a qualified translator. She had to be an expert in the field of garbage disposal (垃圾处理) too.
“The biggest challenge I faced was the translation of technical terms, many of which I couldn’t understand at the time,” Dinh said. “Whenever I ran into words or expressions that I wasn’t familiar with and couldn’t look up myself, I would ask my Chinese colleagues to explain them to me. They were always eager and happy to help.” In the company’s Vietnam branch, the number of Chinese staff slightly goes beyond that of Vietnamese, but Dinh said she never felt any cultural differences. “We’re not divided by our nationalities, and we’re members of the same family — China First Metallurgical Group.”
Dinh now works as a junior manager, and her job description includes translation, foreign affairs contactor, and marketing. As a local resident of Hanoi, Dinh is very proud to have contributed to this project. “I hope to improve my information research and negotiation skills in the future and to further explore and develop the Vietnamese market with my colleagues.”
1. What can be learned about Dinh from the first paragraph?A.She enjoys writing dramas. |
B.She has a talent for language. |
C.She is fond of Chinese culture. |
D.She looks forward to working in China. |
A.Harmonious. | B.Attractive. | C.Frightening. | D.Tough. |
A.Dealing with garbage. |
B.Translating technical terms. |
C.Understanding cultural differences. |
D.Adapting to the demanding environment. |
A.Skill is no burden. | B.Still waters run deep. |
C.Well begun is half done. | D.Rome was not built in a day. |
4 . At 6 feet, 7 inches, Will Allen was a natural at basketball. He received scholarship offers from more than a hundred colleges. He finally chose the University of Miami.
Going away to college meant leaving the family farm. He remembered how hard that life on the farm had been. Now that his life was full of possibilities, he swore he would never go back to farming.
After college, Allen began a pro-basketball career in Belgium, where, ironically (讽刺地), he rediscovered farming. He found the farmers there farmed the way his parents had back home, caring for the land without using chemicals and fertilizers.
Allen and his family moved back to the United States in 1977 after he retired from basketball. They settled in Milwaukee, where his wife’s family owned a farm. In 1993, Allen bought the last remaining farm in the city of Milwaukee, where he began his career as an urban farmer. Later he formed his own organization Growing Power, one of the world’s top urban agricultural organizations.
Allen also travelled across the United States, Africa, and Central Asia to help people grow food more efficiently in ways that fit in with their own culture. “Food is in short supply all over the world right now,” he says. “A lot of people are hungry. We need to grow food everywhere we can—in backyards and side yards, on rooftops, and even in buildings.”
He has spoken about urban agriculture around the world and is currently designing a vertical farm which is a new way to help feed more people in cities. “My main mission is to bring food into people’s lives and train people how to grow food. That continues to be important to me. ” said Allen. He said so, and he did so.
“Growing food is powerful,” Allen says. “It can change the world!”
1. What do we know about Will Allen?A.He wished to get away from his family. | B.He had a talent for playing basketball. |
C.He got used to the hard life on the farm. | D.He was admitted to only several universities. |
A.Grow what is right. | B.Everyone should take action. |
C.Focus on environment. | D.Plant wherever possible. |
A.Ambitious. | B.Fortunate. |
C.Traditional. | D.Adventurous. |
A.Childhood Dream Leads to Future Career | B.Urban Agriculture Holds Great Promise |
C.Give up Basketball and Take up Farming | D.Return to Farming and Grow Food in the City |
5 . If you dream about working and meanwhile travelling in different countries, we’ve made a list of jobs that allow you to tour around the globe while earning some money!
A Travel NurseIf you’re in the medical field, becoming a travel nurse is a good option. A travel nurse in worldwide demand is well paid, so medical professionals can wear uniforms on any continent. The nursing assignments vary in the length of working time. You can enjoy accommodation payment and insurance benefits, but you have to work in the high-stress environment.
A WaiterA waiter abroad is a popular choice for young travelers because some restaurants don’t require much precious experience or qualifications, but they do not have access to high health insurance. Many people do service work for a while to earn enough money to travel abroad for the rest of the year. It’s OK for those without family to deal with customers at night, but they can’t get high wages.
An English TeacherEnglish is one of the world’s most spoken languages, so there is always a demand for people who can teach it. Being an English teacher abroad often requires a TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) certification. There are some popular destinations for prospective teachers. However, as teachers abroad, especially part-time teachers, their salaries are not high.
An Oil Industry WorkerOil industry is one of the highest paying fields for both skilled and unskilled workers, with plenty of opportunities to travel whether they fulfill a position in exploration or production. You can be a researcher or an engineer on deep sea drilling rigs (钻塔). The job is well paid, and you can help companies do less harm to the sea.
1. What should travel nurses do?A.Assign nursing tasks. | B.Get a TEFL certification. |
C.Pay for their own accommodation. | D.Develop a good anti-pressure ability. |
A.The low pay. | B.The prospective career growth. |
C.Large health insurance benefits. | D.Professional training opportunities. |
A.A travel nurse. | B.A waiter. |
C.An English teacher. | D.An oil industry worker. |
6 . Many people think that the world is about to step into the fourth industrial revolution. This time, machines can do a lot of work in the charge of human beings, even better than human beings. In the future, the world can be more efficient, but unemployment (失业) will become more common.
It raises a troubling question for all of us-when will a machine be able to do my job? There are no certain answers, but some of the world’s top artificial intelligence (人工智能) researchers are trying to find out.
Katja Grace, a research associate at the University of Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute, and her colleagues have surveyed 352 scientists and compiled (汇编) their answers into predictions about how long it may take for machines to outperform humans on various tasks.
The good news is that many of us will probably be safe in our jobs for some time to come. The researchers predict there is a 50% chance that machines will be capable of taking over all human jobs in 120 years.
“One of the biggest surprises was the overall lateness of the predictions,” says Grace. “I expected the amazing progress in machine learning in recent years, plus the fact that we were only talking to machine learning researchers, to make the estimates earlier."
“I am a bit skeptical of some of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation (操作),” says Jeremy Wyatt, professor of robotics and AI at the University of Birmingham. “It is one thing doing it in the lab, and quite another having a robot that can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.”
Manipulating physical objects in the real world, an environment that changes randomly, is a complex job for a machine.
Perhaps the hardest jobs for machines to perform are those that take years of training for humans to excel at These often involve intuitive (凭直觉的) decision making and abstract thinking -things that computers have been struggling with.
The experts predict robots will not be taking over as surgeons (外科医生) until around 2053, while it could take 43 years before machines are competing with mathematicians for space in top academic journals.
1. According to the passage, how might the fourth industrial revolution impact the world?A.The world will become more efficient. |
B.Machines can do things better than humans. |
C.Humans will not find jobs because of machines. |
D.Machines can do things instead of human beings. |
A.By giving examples | B.By doing experiments |
C.By conducting surveys | D.By making comparisons |
A.The real word is full of challenges. |
B.Manipulating physical objects is complex. |
C.Machines can do better than humans in labs. |
D.The randomly changed environment is too difficult for computers. |
A.confused | B.surprised | C.doubtful | D.certain |
Please accept my application for the internship (实习) you posted through ABC College’s Career Services Office. I would love the opportunity to work as an editorial assistant for your company. After reading the job description, I believe I am a well-qualified candidate for the position.
You state that you are looking for someone with strong writing skills for publishing press releases and other informational materials. As an English major, a writing tutor, and an editor of my school paper, I have considerable experience in both writing and editing and have built up a highly relevant skill set. And my attention to detail and commitment to a future career in the publishing business will make me an excellent editorial assistant.
I meet your requirements that applicants should be both academically successful and resourceful. I am a double major with a 3.99GPA (平均学分绩点). I have demonstrated resourcefulness while working for Sarasota Reads, a program that involves discussing literature with children. For example, I have come up with numerous creative ways to engage them in the novels that we read together.
I am confident that my writing skills, academic record, resourceful nature, and office experience make me a qualified candidate for an internship with your company. I have attached my résumé (简历), along with a recommendation from Jim Greenspan, . my supervisor (导师) at the Career Services Office. I would appreciate an interview opportunity to discuss a potential position with you further. Thank you so much for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Annie
1. Whom might the letter be intended for?A.Interviewees. | B.Employers. | C.Journalists. | D.Supervisors. |
A.Technical skills. | B.Cultural backgrounds. |
C.Outgoing personality. | D.Related experience. |
A.Emotional and simplified. | B.Formal and sincere. |
C.Informal and detailed. | D.Persuasive and humorous. |
8 . Why Do Millennials (千禧一代) Keep Changing Jobs?
Millennials have been labelled as the “job-hopping generation”. In fact, a recent survey showed that 49% of millennials would leave their job within the next two years! Observers from older generations may think it is caused by the youth’s laziness. However, if we search deeper, there is more than meets the eye.
Instead of the traditional and practical reasons of changing jobs, such as to get better salaries or greater job stability (稳定), many millennials are inspired by value-driven goals. For example, more have to seek new opportunities whenever they lack a sense of belonging in their present jobs. Additionally, some also leave their positions for companies which better suit their value system. Therefore, it is clear that many millennials do not only consider their jobs as a source of income, but in fact, seek meaning and professional achievement in their daily jobs.
Clearly, the fearlessness of millennials in seeking job opportunities has been inspired by new business models. With the rise of online platforms, millennials who prefer work-life balance and flexibility have been attracted towards such jobs. Moreover, the increase of social media has also created more career paths. From food and travel bloggers to YouTube content creators, more millennials are leaving boring desk-bound jobs to look for more untraditional, but certainly attractive, careers.
However, people have different opinions on job-hopping. While some employers value rich experience and skills that job-hopping brings about, many of them still look down upon job-hopping. Some even argue in disappointment that the youths of today are lazy, unable to bear hardships and too self-centered.
The former American President Jimmy Carter once said, “Human identity is no longer defined (定义) by what one does but by what one owns.” Indeed, his comment still rings true today. Rather than allow traditional models of success in society to define our youths, the millennial generation should be encouraged to define new horizons of success by making the right career choices guided by the right values.
1. Why are Millennials more likely to move to new jobs?A.Because they are unwilling to work very hard. |
B.Because they want to realize their self-worth. |
C.Because they hate pressure from present jobs. |
D.Because they need higher income and position. |
A.The rapid development of social media promotes new career paths. |
B.There are fewer professions available to Millennials on the Internet. |
C.There are factors contributing to Millennials’ flexible job-changing. |
D.The tiring and boring jobs prevent Millennials staying in one position. |
A.Courageous and noble. | B.Lazy and self-centered. |
C.Anxious and unconfident. | D.Creative and hard-working. |
A.Negative. | B.Doubtful. | C.Positive. | D.Concerned. |
9 . We’re now witnessing the emergence (出现) of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical labor, raw materials, and capital (资本) are no longer the key ingredients in the creation of wealth.
In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with improved technologies and procedures.
A.You have to empower yourself. |
B.As the saying goes, knowledge is power. |
C.What does all this mean for you? |
D.Wealth will be created by people with knowledge |
E.Now, the vital raw material in our economy is knowledge. |
F.You can also expect to be taking greater control of your career. |
G.Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. |
10 . For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future.
It is understandable why many students and families suspect that college is no longer “worth it.” College tuition has been rising for years, and many students fear being burdened with loans after graduation. But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006.
To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices.
A.To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path. |
B.However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration. |
C.These attitudes are also reflected in the actions of the youngest generation. |
D.Higher education must make college pricing clear to would-be college-goers. |
E.Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages. |
F.Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later. |
G.For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools. |