1 . At the age of 11, Peter Lynch started caddying(当球童) at Brae Burn Country Club in Newton, Mass. “It was better than a newspaper carrier, and much more profitable,” the Fidelity vice chairman recalls. He kept it up during the summers for almost a decade. “You get to know the course and can give the golf players advice about how to approach various holes,” he says. “Where else, at age 15 or 16, can you serve as a trusted adviser to high-powered people?”

One of those people was George Sullivan, then president of Fidelity’s funds, who was so impressed with Lynch’s smarts that he hired him in 1966. “There were about 75 applicants for 3 job openings,” Lynch says now. “But I was the only one who had caddied for the president for 10 years.”

In between caddying and managing money, Lynch went to Boston College on a scholarship from a program called the Francis Ouimet Fund. Named after the 1913 winner of the U.S. Open, the fund launched in 1949 which is open to Massachusetts kids only. Ouimet executive director Robert Donovan says, “Help with college is a logical extension of friendly relation between golfers and their favorite caddies, because there is a close tie to train up them to be excellent that happens between the players and the kids who carry their golf poles. And for the teens, caddying is all about being around successful role models.”

It is obvious that caddies who are finally successful include all kinds of outstanding personnel, from actor Bill Murray, to New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, to former GE chairman and CEO Jack Welch.

Of course, the great number of financial giants who caddied in their youth might be coincidence, but Dick Connolly thinks not. “Caddying life teaches you a lot about business, and about life,” he says. “You learn to show up early and look people in the eye when you shake their hand, and you learn how to read people -- including who’s likely to cheat and who isn’t.”          Connolly is a longtime investment advisor at Morgan Stanley’s Boston office, a former Ouimet scholarship student and, along with Peter Lynch and Roger Altman, one of the program’s biggest supporters. He wants to share the most important lesson he learned on the links, so he says: “One golfer I caddied for told me that if you want to succeed in any field -- golf or business -- you have to spend a lot of lonely hours, either practicing or working, when you’d rather be partying with your friends. That’s true, and it stuck with me.”

1. Which of the following may Peter Lynch agree about caddying?

A．He could have a relaxing job as a caddie.

B．He could make more money from the golf players.

C．His duty was to advise the players how to play golf.

D．His caddying experiences contributed to his later career.

2. Why was the Francis Ouimet Fund set up to support Massachusetts kids only?

A．Because of the advice from the rich golf players.

B．Because of those giants with caddying experiences.

C．Because of the great success the caddies have achieved.

D．Because of the friendly relation between golfers and their caddies.

3. According to Dick Connolly, caddying experience in your youth_____.

A．helps you learn to live with loneliness

B．teaches you a lot about business and life

C．makes it possible to meet with great people

D．offers you chances to communicate with others

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A．Legend of Peter Lynch.

B．An introduction of Golf Caddying.

C．Golf Caddying into Future Success.

D．Five Giants with Caddying Experiences.

2 . 完形填空
Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family． While_______her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an)_______in medicine． At 18 she married and_______a family． Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a_______Her husband supported her decision．
_______, Canadian medical schools did not_______women students at the time． Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study_______at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia． It took her five years to_______her medical degree． Upon graduation, Charlotte_______to Montreal and set up a private________． Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a________doctor． Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps． Charlotte________herself operating on damaged limbs and setting________bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area．
But Charlotte had been practicing without a license． She had________a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was________． The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to________her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to________her patients to spend time studying what she already knew． So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to________a license to her but they, too, refused． Charlotte________to practice without a license until 1912． She died four years later at the age of 73．
In 1993, 77 years after her________, a medical license was issued to Charlotte． This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman．”1.

A．raising

B．teaching

C．nursing

D．missing

2.

A．habit

B．interest

C．opinion

D．voice

3.

A．invented

B．selected

C．offered

D．started

4.

A．doctor

B．musician

C．lawyer

D．physicist

5.

A．Besides

B．Unfortunately

C．Otherwise

D．Eventually

6.

A．hire

B．entertain

C．trust

D．accept

7.

A．history

B．physics

C．medicine

D．law

8.

A．improve

B．save

C．design

D．earn

9.

A．returned

B．escaped

C．spread

D．wandered

10.

A．school

B．museum

C．clinic

D．lab

11.

A．busy

B．wealthy

C．greedy

D．lucky

12.

A．helped

B．found

C．troubled

D．imagined

13.

A．harmful

B．tired

C．broken

D．weak

14.

A．put away

B．taken over

C．turned in

D．applied for

15.

A．punished

B．refused

C．blamed

D．fired

16.

A．display

B．change

C．preview

D．complete

17.

A．leave

B．charge

C．test

D．cure

18.

A．sell

B．donate

C．issue

D．show

19.

A．continued

B．promised

C．pretended

D．dreamed

20.

A．birth

B．death

C．wedding

D．graduation

3 . Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to earn less, on average, for the same performance. Research has shown that both conscious(有意识的) and subconscious biases (偏见) contribute to this problem. But we’ve discovered another source of inequality: Women often don’t get what they want and deserve because they don’t ask for it. In three separate studies, we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.

The first study found that the starting salaries of male MBAs who had recently graduated from Carnegie Mellon were 7.6%, or almost $4,000, higher on average than those of female MBAs from the same program. That’s because most of the women had simply accepted the employer’s salary offer; in fact, only 7% had attempted to negotiate. But 57% of their male counterparts--or eight times as many men as women—had asked for more.

Another study tested this gender difference in the lab. Subjects were told that they would be observed playing a word game and that they would be paid between $3 and $10 for playing. After each subject completed the task, an experimenter thanked the participant and said, “Here’s $3. Is $3 OK?” For the men, it was not OK, and they said so. Their requests for more money are nine times as many as the women’s.

The largest of the three studies surveyed several hundred people over the Internet, asking them about the most recent negotiations they’d attempted or started and when they expected to negotiate next. The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.

There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First, women often are taught from an early age not to promote their own interests and to focus instead on the needs of others. The messages girls receive—from parents, teachers, other children, the media, and society in general—can be so powerful that when they grow up they may not realize that they’ve made this behavior part of them, or they may realize it but not understand how it affects their willingness to negotiate. Women tend to think that they will be recognized and rewarded for working hard and doing a good job. Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more.

1. According to this passage, what causes the inequality in the workplace?

A．social bias

B．women’s poorer working ability

C．women’s worse academic background

D．women’s less negotiating

2. Which can be the result of the following survey, according to Para 4?When do you expect to negotiate next?

A．

B．

C．

D．

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Women are more likely to accept the employer’s salary offer.

B．Men tend to ask for more money than woman.

C．Women care more about other’s interest instead of themselves’.

D．Men believe that the better they work, the better they’re paid.

4. What will be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．The suggestions given to women.

B．The warnings to men.

C．Another reason for women’s not asking.

D．Another reason for men’s asking.

4 . Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.

In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.

“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife!’ Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”

“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.

1. The best headline (标题) for this newspaper article is______ .

A．Astonishing Medicine	B．Farmer Loses Arm
C．Dangerous Bites	D．Snake Doctor

2. The farmer lost his arm because______.

A．the cloth was wrapped too tightly	B．he cut it off to save his life
C．Shu wasn’t there to help him	D．he was alone in the fields

3. Shu decided to devote himself to snake medicine because_____.

A．he wanted to save people’s arms and legs

B．he had studied it at a medical school

C．he had seen snakes biting people

D．his army service had finished

4. Why did Shu go into the mountains?

A．He wanted to study snake bites.

B．He wanted to help the farmers.

C．He was being trained to be a doctor.

D．He was expected to serve in the army.

5. Which of the following words can take the place of the word career in the first paragraph (段)?

A．conclusion	B．story
C．incident	D．job

5 .         I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier (收银台) in her general store.     1     I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”

At first I was paid in candy.     2     I worked every day after school, and during the summer and no weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account.     3    

By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics (化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup (化妆) ideas.     4    

The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.     5     Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.

A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.

B．Before long, she let me sit there by myself.

C．I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.

D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.

E．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.

F．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.

G．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.

6 . The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.

Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, “Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion”, Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.

In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees’ job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees’ job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.

1. The research paper published is primarily concerned with .

A．the way of preventing employee turnover

B．methods of improving employee performance

C．factors affecting employee turnover and performance

D．pay structures based on employee performance

2. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that      .

A．the data analysis is hardly reliable	B．the research sample is not wide enough
C．the findings are of no practical value	D．the research method is out-of-date

3. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?

A．Job hunters.	B．Employees in blue-chip companies.
C．Mid-level managers.	D．Researchers on employee turnover.