1 . Friendships can be equally demanding and rewarding, whether you’ve been friends for a long time or have just started communicating with one another.     1    

You can text each other frequently. Texting is a great way to keep up with each other’s daily events and routines. Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other’s lives.     2     You can share a picture or selfie from time to time to make others know more about your recent life.

You can mail each other handwritten letters. Sending handwritten letters is a great way to keep connected while also adding a personal and thoughtful touch. Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation for the relationship.     3     Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue!

    4     There are many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time.     5     Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat.

A．You can plan a visit when possible.

B．You can find things you can do together while apart.

C．So it’s in your best interest to stay in touch with your friends.

D．Handwriting their birthday card every year is a smart choice.

E．It can also be an opportunity to learn more about each other’s experiences.

F．There are many effective ways to keep in touch, stay connected and develop your friendship.

G．For example, you can watch the same shows at the same time and share feelings afterwards.

2 . Dogs greet other dogs’ noses first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to tail. People are not so open about the process of sniffing, but smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that humans can infer relationship and emotional states and even discover disease through smell.

Now, Inbal Ravreby, Kobi Snitz and Noam Sobel of the Weizmann Institute of Science have gone a step further. As they report in Science Advances, the three researchers started their first experiment by testing the smells of 20 pairs of familiar and same-sex friends. They employed an electronic nose (e-nose) and two groups of human “smellers”.

The e-nose used a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and asked to rate how similar they smelt. Those in the other group were asked to rate the smells of individual T-shirts on five dimensions (维度): pleasantness, intensity, attractiveness, competence and warmth.   Both approaches produced the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than did the T-shirts of strangers.

Does friendship cause similarity of smell, or does similarity of smell cause friendship? The three researchers investigated whether there were positive interactions between strangers by using the e-nose measurement. They collected the smells of another 17 volunteers with e-nose, and then asked the participants to play a mirroring game.

That game involved silently mirroring another individual’s hand movements, Participants were paired up by chance and their reactions were recorded. After each interaction, they demonstrated how close they felt to their fellow gamer by overlapping two circles (one representing themselves, the other their partner). The more similar the two electronic smell signatures were, the greater the overlap. Participants also rated the quality of their interaction in the game along 12 dimensions of feelings that define friendship, Similar smells were consistent with positive ratings for nine of these dimensions. However, two participants smelling alike did not mean they were any more accurate at the mirroring game than others.

Why smell might play a role in forming friendships remains obscure. Other qualities related to being friends, including age, appearance, and education, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong body smell, many do not. It is present. But it is subliminal (潜意识的). Dr Ravreby guesses that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body smell is known to be linked with genetic make-up. Smelling similar to others may thus allow subliminal inferences about genetic similarity to be drawn.

1. What can we learn from the first experiment?

A．Friends smell like one another.

B．Friends tend to sniff each other.

C．The smell can be judged on five dimensions.

D．The T-shirts of friends smell the same to each other.

2. The mirroring game is designed to       .

A．enrich the dimensions that define friendship

B．prove strangers smell more alike after positive interactions

C．test whether strangers can develop friendship in the process

D．explore the relationship between similarity of smell and friendship

3. What does the underlined word “obscure” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Unacceptable.

B．Unchanged.

C．Unclear.

D．Unrealistic.

4. What can we infer from this passage?

A．Body smells have effects on genetic make-up

B．People who have similar smells may have similar genes.

C．Body smells become similar after people becoming friends.

D．Two participants smelling alike performed better in the game than others.

3 . 假设你是红星中学高一学生 李华。你校英语报社征集主题为“Does the Internet harm or help Friendships?”的英文稿件。请你写一篇征文投稿，内容包括：
1.你的观点及理由；
2.你的建议。
注意：词数100左右。
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4 . The moment Kareem went into the waiting room, his nervousness increased dramatically. Mateo, his opponent, was sitting there, with his _______ resting on his knee. The two would _______for the last opening at the music school. Kareem could tell Mateo was _______, just like he’d always been.

Kareem sat and closed his eyes, trying to ignore Mateo’s calmness, a sharp contrast to his own _______. To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.

Suddenly a deafening noise came and Kareem froze at the noise. A broken E string _______ from Kareem’s guitar. He’d over-tightened the string, causing it to break. Then, he _______ his bag for another set of strings. _______, Kareem brought no strings for replacement.

As his turn was approaching, Kareem felt _______. Now there was no choice. He stood up slowly and walked to Mateo,“Would you happen to have a spare E string?”

Mateo shook his head, “Sorry.” Kareem nodded and whispered that he understood.

Just then Kareem’s name was called. He was rooted to the ground and was about to quit when he noticed Mateo’s arm outstretched, holding his guitar out to him.

“Here, use mine,” Kareem’s mouth _______ as Mateo added, “Do your best, man.”

The professor asked Kareem what to play. He hesitated, “I’ll be playing Bach’s Bourree in E minor, with my...my friend’s guitar.“

As Kareem walked toward the stage door, he looked back at Mateo with a shared ________ as if to say they were friends.

1.

A．coat

B．phone

C．guitar

D．book

2.

A．compete

B．vote

C．argue

D．stand

3.

A．active

B．popular

C．ready

D．proud

4.

A．sorrow

B．anxiety

C．shame

D．anger

5.

A．showed up

B．came back

C．fell apart

D．hung down

6.

A．spotted

B．searched

C．packed

D．held

7.

A．Simply

B．Naturally

C．Sadly

D．Seriously

8.

A．hopeless

B．careless

C．guilty

D．lonely

9.

A．hurt

B．shut

C．watered

D．dropped

10.

A．smile

B．hope

C．interest

D．view

5 . How to Get Along With Friends

Friendships can have a major impact on your health and happiness, but it’s not always easy to develop friendships. The following are some tips for you.

Be positive

    1    . If you’re someone who likes to discuss hopeless-sounding situations, that’s OK, but remember to talk about more cheerful topics, too. Discussing books or sharing funny stories are better for your friendships. Of course, if something bad happens, it’s OK to ask your friends for support. You’re not expected to be positive all the time.

    2    

Listening helps you learn about your friends and support them when they need it. Give your friends your full attention, and make mental notes about the important things in their lives—like the names of their loved ones, things they like and major things that have happened or are happening in their lives.     3    , don’t immediately share your experiences or advice. Instead, ask them, “How are you feeling about it?” or “What do you plan to do about that?”

Make time for each other

Spending time with your friends has a huge impact, whether it’s for a few minutes or for several hours.     4    . If you can’t easily see your friends in person, try texting each other or having video calls. It certainly doesn’t replace an in-person hangout, but it’s a good way to keep in touch.

Calmly discuss problems one-on-one

If your friends are doing something that’s bothering you, it doesn’t help to give them the silent treatment or leave them out. Instead, talk to them one-on-one about what’s bothering you, and calmly share how you feel about it. For example, if your friends have given you an embarrassing (令人尴尬的) nickname, pull them aside and say, “I know you’re trying to be funny, but when you call me that, I get really embarrassed.     5    .”

A．Listen to them

B．Please don’t call me that

C．Focusing on the upside makes you a better friend

D．If you answer telephone calls only during certain hours

E．If your friend shares something that they’re struggling with

F．Talking directly to your friend is the best way to solve an issue

G．Schedule fun activities with your friends, or just find time to talk for a while

6 . Being honest may not get you a lot of friends, but it will get you the right ones. That’s true, so you should pursue authentic positivity in your friendships, the opposite of toxic (有毒的) positivity that would have you encouraging friends in all things, regardless of what you might feel or observe or know about the challenges of life.     1    

1. Ask questions.

A feature of authentic positivity is a curious mindset, a mentality where you are less locked into “telling it like it is” and more interested in wondering and exploring the possibilities together with your friend.     2     If your friendship has a history of welcome advice-giving, your question could be “Are you looking for ideas, or do you just want me to listen?”

2.     3    

“That’s so disappointing” is sometimes the most positive thing you can say to your friend when they are struggling. Resisting the urge to say “It’s all going to work out; don’t worry” shows your friend that you see them in their pain, and that you are available to support them here and now.     4     You can use “yes/and” statements like “What happened at work is so frustrating—AND I know how creative you are, so you’ll find a way to move forward.”

3. Learn to apologize —and ask for an apology.

    5     That includes you, too. Being authentic in a friendship means having the freedom to say to a friend, “I’m sorry I hurt you.” It also means being able to say, “Your words/ actions hurt me.” Friendships that stand the test of time have room for mistakes, and for repair.

A．Name hard truths.

B．Don’t disappoint your friend.

C．Every friend misses the mark sometimes.

D．Instead, friends should be authentic and positive.

E．Here are three ways to be an authentically positive friend.

F．But that doesn’t mean you need to focus on the negative all the time.

G．Positive friends ask each other questions, and listen deeply to the answers.

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.

From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”

Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”

“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.

Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.

“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.

“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”

“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.

Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”

1. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore?
2. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
4. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)

8 . Sam and Lightning

Twenty-one years ago, my husband gave me a dog named Sam. Later, when we were in New Jersey, our neighbor asked us if we would like a cat. We were a little _________ that Sam would feel angry, but we decided to risk it. We picked a little, grey, playful cat. She was very _________ and raced around as if she were running after imaginary mice and jumped from table to chair in the blink of an eye, so we named her Lightning.

At first, Sam and Lightning were very cautious of each other and kept their distance. Slowly, however, Lightning started to _________ Sam up the stairs, down the stairs, into the kitchen to watch him eat, and into the living room to watch him sleep. As time passed, they were always together. When I played with one, the other _________. If Sam barked at something, Lightning ran to _________ what it was. When I took either one out of the _________, the other was always waiting by the door when we returned.

But one day, without any warning, Sam died of a heart attack at the vet's and I had to walk back to our house _________. There was no way for me to _________ why Lightning would never see her friend again. In the days that followed, Lightning seemed heartbroken. She could not tell me in words that she was _________, but I could see the sufferings in her eyes.

As the weeks went by, the cat's ____________ seemed to be lessening. One day I happened to find Lightning was sleeping with her best friend's statue, with one arm wrapping the statue's neck.

1.

A．worried

B．pleased

C．annoyed

D．surprised

2.

A．shy

B．active

C．quiet

D．silent

3.

A．pull

B．touch

C．knock

D．follow

4.

A．went out

B．stood up

C．joined in

D．broke away

5.

A．smell

B．see

C．tell

D．ask

6.

A．hospital

B．house

C．nest

D．family

7.

A．alone

B．together

C．cheerfully

D．quickly

8.

A．explain

B．count

C．argue

D．call

9.

A．anxious

B．nervous

C．sad

D．happy

10.

A．doubt

B．wish

C．wound

D．sorrow

9 . Mary uses a walking stick. Benjamin recently learned how to walk. Mary is 99. Benjamin is 2. The neighbors may seem like _________friends, but during the pandemic (疫情), they formed a unique _________at the fence between their houses in Minneapolis.

“Benjamin just turned 2 years old. We’ve been _________with Mary long before he was born,” Benjamin’s mom, Sarah Olson said. They didn’t see Mary much, _________last year when the COV1D-19 pandemic _________and the family had to stay home, Mary was someone they could _________—outside.

During the pandemic, the Olsons _________played in their yard, and Mary would be in hers. Benjamin would _________Mary when he saw her in the yard and they would play games. There's a 97-year _________gap, but Benjamin doesn’t see it.

“She’s just Mary, or ‘Mimi’,” Sarah said. “We’re inside and he’ll go, ‘Mimi? Mimi?’ and we'll go outside and ____________Mary. Then Mary will call out, ‘Hey Benjamin!’ How ____________a scene it is!”

For Mary, who was completely ____________during the pandemic, a friend was just what she needed. It seems Mary has ____________a childlike spirit with Benjamin, playing with bubbles and even water guns.

More than a year after they first started ____________together, Benjamin and Mary still ____________each other's company. Benjamin and Mary's friendship has ____________so many because people like to see relationships form so ____________for young people and elderly people. “We didn't have to work on it at all; it just ____________,” Sarah said.

“Friendship can be ____________in so many different ways. I’m really happy they’ve developed this friendship, ” she said. “It is such a rewarding ____________for both of them.”

1.

A．unfaithful

B．unlikely

C．close

D．special

2.

A．bond

B．habit

C．belief

D．impression

3.

A．strangers

B．friends

C．neighbors

D．relatives

4.

A．but

B．so

C．because

D．or

5.

A．continued

B．ended

C．hit

D．faded

6.

A．visit

B．see

C．recognize

D．invite

7.

A．seldom

B．often

C．once

D．never

8.

A．talk about

B．make room for

C．tend to

D．run over to

9.

A．age

B．culture

C．generation

D．knowledge

10.

A．look into

B．look through

C．look after

D．look for

11.

A．strange

B．familiar

C．sweet

D．awkward

12.

A．different

B．forgotten

C．independent

D．alone

13.

A．rediscovered

B．broken

C．understood

D．accepted

14.

A．chatting

B．playing

C．working

D．learning

15.

A．ignore

B．imagine

C．miss

D．enjoy

16.

A．amused

B．shocked

C．touched

D．puzzled

17.

A．naturally

B．quickly

C．obviously

D．normally

18.

A．remained

B．changed

C．mattered

D．happened

19.

A．established

B．spoiled

C．betrayed

D．improved

20.

A．coincidence

B．experience

C．practice

D．lesson

10 . 假设你是高二学生陈伟，昨天，你和你的外籍同桌Bob关于用集体班费给灾区捐款这一问题发生了一些小争执，请你按照以下要求给他写一封道歉信。
1. 表达自己的歉意；
2. 阐述道歉的原因(至少2条)；
3. 表达自己的友好之情，提倡(advocate)相互理解、相互尊重。
注意：
1. 词数100左右。
2. 文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
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