1 . For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior?| A．They are interested in acting. | B．They are shy with the strangers. |
| C．They are fond of their playmates. | D．They are tired of playing games. |
| A．Design games for them. | B．Find them suitable playmates. |
| C．Play together with them. | D．Help them understand social rules. |
| A．Giving examples. | B．Explaining concepts. |
| C．Providing evidence. | D．Making comparisons. |
| A．How Children Adapt to Changes | B．How to Be a Role Model for Children |
| C．How Your Baby Learns to Love | D．How to Communicate with Your Kid |
2 . How to keep a good friendship
It’s not easy for everyone to make friends. Once you have friends, it takes contributions and work on both sides to keep the friendship going. In order to keep a good friendship, you will have to take time to develop your friendship.
Work at keeping a two-way street with your friends. If only one person is attempting to be a good friend, the friendship isn’t going to work. It has to be a partnership where both contribute equally.
Try to avoid fighting and arguing. Naturally there will be times when you disagree with each other, but don’t blow things out of proportion(小题大做).
Never date each other’s boyfriend or girlfriend. This is something that can tear a friendship apart. Friends should have enough love and respect for each other not to do things to hurt each other.
Be there for each other through good times and bad times.
| A．Communicate with one another. |
| B．Speak up in order to protect your friend. |
| C．A good friendship is both give and take. |
| D．Instead, try to talk things over and put the situation to rest. |
| E．If you realize that, your friendship will greatly improve. |
| F．This includes not dating anyone your friend has dated. |
| G．Celebrate each other’s success, and help each other get through failures often. |
3 . Individuals tend to befriend others similar to them for a range of physical factors (e. g. age, gender).To test whether friendship is connected with increased similarity of real-time mental responding, researchers used fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) to scan subjects’ brains during free viewing of naturalistic movies.
Forty-two students participated in the study by Professor Carolyn Parkinson of the University of California, Los Angeles. During the fMRI study, each subject watched the same collection of video parts. The videos covered a variety of topics and genres (e.g. comedies, documentaries, and debates).
The current results suggest that nerve responses when viewing audiovisual (视听的) movies are exceptionally similar among friends, and they are quite alike to one another in terms of how they perceive, interpret, and react to the world around them. These data also demonstrate that it is possible to predict whether two individuals are friends based only on the similarity of temporary patterns in their nerve responses during free viewing of complex, real-world scenes.
A follow-up study analyzing the social relationships of 1,186 children in 49 classrooms showed that similarity of the social brain varied by friendship distance: shared friends showed greater similarity in social brain networks compared with friends-of-friends and even more remotely connected peers.
“Although the results of the current study suggest that friends have incredibly similar nerve responses to naturalistic stimulation, due to this study’s cross-sectional nature, we cannot figure out, based on these results alone, whether nerve response similarity is a cause or consequence of friendship,” Dr Anna Machin, an evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家)said. She described how two tightly bonded people mirror each other’s behavior. Best friends may have similar heart beats, body temperature and hormonal responses.“ It’s as if every part of your body is engaged in having a relationship with that person,” said Machin. “That for me sums up how important best friends are. We wouldn’t have developed this way if those relationships weren’t critical for survival.”
1. Why did the researchers carry out the fMRI study?| A．To find out the effects of fMRI. |
| B．To help the students analyze videos. |
| C．To test whether the students are true friends. |
| D．To check if friendship goes with nerve responses. |
| A．Subjects. | B．Types. | C．Results. | D．Responses. |
| A．Friends have the same mental responses. |
| B．It is impossible to tell whether two are friends. |
| C．Friendship distance affects similarity of the social brain. |
| D．Stronger relationships bring about more similar appearance. |
| A．Friendship is of great significance in our life. |
| B．Nerve response similarity is a cause of friendship. |
| C．Naturalistic stimulation leads to friends’ similar responses. |
| D．We develop because relationships are unimportant for survival. |
An 11-year-old boy from Texas named Shayden Walker has been struggling to make friends. His mother, Krishna Patterson, described what her son went through as a result of his disabled legs, which kept him from successfully socializing with other children.
One day last week, after struggling to find friends, Walker decided to look around his residential area to see if he could find anybody willing to be his friend. During his search, he went up to a house that belonged to a resident named Brennan Ray and asked for his help.
The boy approached Ray’s front door and started talking with the man, asking Ray if he knew of any kids in his age group around the area that he could be friends with. Walker said, “I really need some friends...Do you have any kids?”
Ray told Walker that if he went to the house that was on his right, he would find some kids he could play with. However, Walker then told Ray that the kids he was referring to were the very same kids that had often made fun of him.
When the sweet boy asked whether or not Ray had any children of his own that he could make friends with, Ray responded that he only had a two-year-old baby. Eager to find some friends, Walker then said that he liked two-year-olds and explained how he had a sister the same age he enjoyed playing with.
After this exchange, Ray asked Walker for his name, which he gave him, right before he politely said his goodbye and left. Feeling sorry for the boy, Ray decided to see how he could help Walker.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ray posted the little boy’s story on the Internet.
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There were still some young people who lived nearby saw the post.
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5 . Gina is the only child of her parents and her parents love her very much. When she was a little child, her parents never
Gina was one of the
“Why don’t you
“Mummy, it has
“I don’t think so, dear. Rita is your friend, isn’t she? And if you don’t help her, who will?” said her mother.
Seeing Rita crying again, Gina decided to help with her math. In this way, Rita began to do better
| A．decided | B．refused | C．prepared | D．made |
| A．didn’t | B．hard | C．hardly | D．doesn’t |
| A．top | B．worst | C．friendliest | D．funniest |
| A．after | B．when | C．as | D．until |
| A．but | B．and | C．with | D．without |
| A．take | B．work | C．bring | D．help |
| A．something | B．nothing | C．anything | D．everything |
| A．at | B．in | C．for | D．with |
| A．so | B．what | C．such | D．how |
| A．to have | B．had | C．having | D．has |
Marie had always dreamed of becoming a professional dancer and was preparing for a high-level dance competition which was aimed to draw excellent dancers from all over the country. It was a prestigious (负有盛名的) event, and Marie knew that if she wanted to make a name for herself in the world of ballet, this was her chance. She spent every waking moment practicing, determined to give it her all on the big day.
When the day of the competition arrived, Marie was nervous but excited. She had trained hard for this moment for years and felt confident in her well-prepared dancing. As she walked onto the stage, the bright lights blinded her momentarily, but she quickly regained her composure and began to dance.
The music swirled around her as she moved gracefully across the stage. Her movements were fluid and precise, each step perfectly executed. The audience watched in awe as Marie danced, completely lost in the moment.
But then, it happened. During a particularly difficult jump, Marie landed awkwardly on her ankle and felt a sharp pain shoot up her leg. She tried to ignore it and continue dancing, but the pain was too much. She fell to the floor, clutching her leg in agony.
Paramedics rushed onto the stage to tend to her, and Marie was taken to the hospital. The diagnosis was devastating: she had torn several ligaments (韧带) in her ankle and would need extensive surgery to repair the damage. Marie was held by desperate shock. She had worked so hard to get where she was, and now it seemed like all of her dreams were slipping away. For weeks, Marie was confined to a wheelchair, unable to move without assistance. She felt helpless and alone, wondering if she would ever be able to dance again.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, she heard a knock on her hospital room door and in came Jenny, her toughest opponent in the dance competition.
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Slowly, she felt more open to accepting Jenny’s help and support.
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“Here you go,” Melanie said, handing Ava a pink envelope.
“Thanks.” Ava said. “But what is it?”
“An invitation to my pool party. It’s Saturday at two. There will be a lot of fun things to do. You are going to love it so much. Do come, please.” Melanie kept talking but Ava wasn’t listening.
The words “pool party” echoed (回响) through her mind. Ava had a secret she didn’t even tell her best friend Melanie — Ava couldn’t swim. Every time she tried to learn, she’d wind up with water up her nose and she’d be out of the pool as quickly as possible.
“You’re coming, right?” Melanie said
“Huh?” Ava jumped.
“Do you think you could come a little early? I could use your help inflating (使充气) the floating basketball hoops (篮筐) and the ball. And I will need you to help me set the tables.”
Ava didn’t know what to say. Melanie was one of her best friends. She couldn’t miss her party. But she didn’t want the whole school to find out she couldn’t swim. That would be too embarrassing. “I think I might be busy this Saturday,” Ava said, lowering her head. She saw the disappointment on Melanie’s face. “Maybe I could stop by for a little while, but I definitely wouldn’t have time to swim.”
Ava spent the rest of the school day trying to avoid Melanie’s questions about what she had to do on Saturday and why she couldn’t stay for the whole party. Ava felt awful. That night she asked her parents to ground her or make other plans so she couldn’t go to Melanie’s party.
“Ava, this is silly,” her mother said. “Melanie is your best friend. She won’t care that you can’t swim.” Ava wasn’t so sure.
“Just be honest with Melanie. She will understand you,” her father said.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
When Saturday arrived, Ava’s parents drove her to the party right on time.
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Ava decided to tell the truth.
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Have you ever accepted others’ help? Do you remember him or her? You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone. Sometimes you may think your help is so small, but as a matter of fact, what you do is of vital significance to others.
When young, I worked as an English teacher in a university. During the summer vacation, I was invited to be an instructor at a high school leadership camp by a college. Having been highly involved in many campus activities, I jumped at the opportunity.
About an hour into the first day of camp, immersed (沉浸于) in communications and interactions, I noticed the boy in black for the first time. Small and skinny, the boy was seated alone, staring into space and his obvious discomfort and shyness made him appear fragile. The desperate loneliness he revealed almost stopped me from approaching him, but I remembered the instructions from the senior staff- to stay alert for campers who might fall left out.
I could sense that he was in a new world, that this whole surroundings appeared foreign to him. But I somehow knew it wouldn’t be right to push him, either. That evening at our nightly staff meeting, I made my concerns about him, I explained to my fellow staff members my impression of him and asked them to pay special attention and spend time with him when they could. In the meantime, it struck me that I should do what I could to give him a hand. I argued that he needed a friend, one who could share happiness and sorrow with him. I hoped to be his friend, his real friend to help him go through the challenging period.
注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An idea occurred to me abruptly.
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Half a year later, I heard from him.
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9 . How to Be a Good Friend
It’s important to have friends at different times of our lives. They may serve a different purpose as we get older, but they are still important to us.
Honesty
When things come up in life that may not have been the best choice, you have to be able to tell your friends about it. They should offer the same in return. If you were supposed to go out with a friend and something comes up that you would prefer doing, be honest and tell your friend. A good friend will understand and want you to take advantage of the opportunity (机会).
Support
Sometimes we don’t need to hear advice or stories. We need someone who will listen to us. An active listener who is there to listen can be the best medicine. As we talk through feelings, we may come to our own realizations about what has been said. We don’t always need to hear someone else’s talk on what has happened.
| A．A good listener |
| B．Following a friend’s advice |
| C．Then try your best to achieve your dream |
| D．It may be harder to make and keep friends over time |
| E．We need a close friend who is willing to listen with his heart |
| F．When you are at a loss, it’s important to have someone to turn to |
| G．If you lie to the friend and he later finds out about it, it may hurt the friendship |
10 . Sammie Vance is an extraordinary kid. She was just named one of People's Girls Changing the World in 2021, and she is only 12 years old.
The seventh grader from Indiana is collecting bottle caps to upcycle them into benches for her school and neighborhood parks. But these benches are more than just for sitting. There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends.
Sammie learned about buddy benches at a camp she attended one summer. At the camp, there were benches set up when children felt lonely. They would sit down signaling to other kids that they were in need of a friend.
She loved the idea and told others, “This would be really cool to have them at my school.” Then she sprang into action by initiating a meeting with her president and the Parent-Teacher Association to present her idea.
Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.
Sammie continued her efforts and expanded her project to collect more benches for other schools. She made an online page where she calls for others to follow her journey and make bottle cap donations.
Today, Sammie has helped fix 200 recycled benches in schools and neighborhoods and she has no plans of stopping. She knows first-hand that a young age has no limitations to impacting the world. “I just look forward to making a difference,” she said, “and inspiring other people to make a difference.”
1. Why did Sammie want to set up buddy benches?| A．She was in need of friends. | B．She wanted to win recognition. |
| C．She had to finish an assigned project. | D．She intended to help kids make friends. |
| A．Sammie's comic strip. | B．Sammie's strong determination. |
| C．Sammie's plan of making benches. | D．Sammie's meeting with the president. |
| A．Demanding. | B．Honest. | C．Caring. | D．Humorous. |
| A．More Donations Have Come as a Help | B．This Kind-hearted Girl Inspires Friendship |
| C．A Young Girl Is Named People's Girl | D．200 Buddy Benches Are Equipped in Schools |
