1 . Having hundreds of friends online is no substitute for a handful of close friends in real life. Researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online. The number of ''peripheral others'', someone connected with online — former classmates and coworkers, for example — had no connection with how satisfied they felt.

Scientists did their study using data from two online surveys conducted on 1,496 people by a non-profit research organization. People taking part in the study revealed their ages, the make-up of their social networks, how often they had different types of social interactions, and their own feelings of well-being. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services for them in their networks. The number of close friends someone had was the only thing that influenced how satisfied they were with their social life.

''Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,'' said Dr Bruine, an expert of the study. ''If you feel lonely, it may be more helpful to make a positive connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet.''

In the study, they found older people tended to have smaller social networks. Younger people's were larger but this was mostly made up of ''peripheral others'' — not true friends, just people they knew — and did not contribute to their happiness.

Even variations in the number of family members or neighbours somebody spent time with did not affect how happy they were with their social life. Dr Bruine said her research echoed other findings showing people would be happier if a larger proportion of their online friends were actually their friends in reality.

She added, ''Stereotypes of aging tend to paint older adults in many cultures as sad and lonely. But the research shows that older adults' smaller networks didn't weaken social satisfaction and well-being. In fact, older adults tend to report better well-being than younger adults.''

1. What has a good influence on one's happiness according to the study?

A．Having impersonal networks of friends.

B．Meeting with close friends face to face.

C．Helping familiar coworkers.

D．Keeping in touch with family members online.

2. What did the 1,496 people taking part in the study have to do?

A．Keep off using the Internet.

B．Show their attitudes to happiness.

C．Reveal their social life thoroughly.

D．Find ''peripheral others'' from their friends.

3. Who is more likely to be attacked by loneliness from the study?

A．Parents living with their children.

B．Older adults with fewer friends online.

C．Those having fewer relatives or neighbours.

D．Young people without friends in reality.

4. What does the underlined word ''paint'' mean in the last paragraph?

A．treat	B．draw
C．describe	D．criticize

2 . What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life? Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity? Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities.

Although there are exceptions, researchers have found that in most cases men are less cautious than women. Men often try to impress women by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when women are watching them or when they are competing against other men.

Research also shows that as people get older they usually behave more responsibly and avoid taking unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring activities.

Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types of risks and some people take one type of risk, but not another Psychologists have identified a number of categories of risk. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that some people will take risks in one area, but not in another. Just if a person enjoys bungee (蹦极) jumping, it doesn't mean he or she will take chances when investing (投资) money or that he will tell a joke to a group of strangers.

Interestingly, research shows that women take more social risks than men. They are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings.

Yet, at the end of the day, the likelihood of particular people taking a risk depends on their personalities. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes of their actions. On the other hand, those with opposite personality are much more likely to avoid taking a chance.

1. What have researchers discovered about women?

A．They are always changing jobs.	B．They are good at doing business.
C．They are more willing to take risks.	D．They are more conservative than men.

2. Why do men try to prove they are brave?

A．To attract women to watch them.	B．To have favorable effects on women.
C．To announce risks are too dangerous.	D．To show their strength to the competitor.

3. What mainly determine whether people take risks possibly?

A．The potential consequences.	B．Their characters.
C．Their problems of finance.	D．The focuses of their work.

4. What is the text mainly talking about?

A．People's sense of taking risks.	B．Risks at people's different ages.
C．Different types of people's risks.	D．Risks between men and women.

3 . Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”

And so it came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.

It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft—sofas and carpets and children’s teddy bears, clothes—is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.

What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.

The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.

It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(有形的)things— old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories — but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.

Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old question of “What would you save in a fire? ” is actually that nothing really matters but each other.

1. What happened to the author's house?

A．It caught a fire.

B．It was affected by a fire.

C．It was broken into by friends.

D．Its windows were broken.

2. What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．something that may be damaged.

B．something that may not be genuine.

C．something that may not be so good.

D．something that may be dangerous.

3. What did the author expect to feel?

A．People around him were cold to others' trouble.

B．His friends and neighbours were so generous.

C．People in his community were close to each other.

D．He was so lucky to find much that was good.

4. How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?

A．Worried.	B．Surprised.
C．Excited.	D．Contented.

4 . Jake and Max Klein are twin brothers who have a passion for volunteering. Their family have always done community _______ .At a young age, they chose to _______ family's gifts at their birthday parties, but asked them to donate money to a charity. When they were seven, Jake and Max were interested in _______ with a family friend at the local homeless shelter to help cook. _________， he turned them down because they were too _______ and they had to be fourteen to cook. This led them on an endless _______ to come up with a way to help other kids who were also facing a _______ challenging: wanting to help but _______ because of their age.

So, Kids That Do Good was _______ to show ways to kids or adults, at any age, they could join the community and make a ________ .The small ________ has grown into a large website that brings thousands of ________ visitors each year. Jake and Max say that their website brings 35,000 unique viewers, of those viewers, Kids That Do Good has ________ kids to 16,000 organizations.

Jake and Max are ________ with school and after-class activities and other community service promises. Kids That Do Good also has blog posts that advise kids on ________ their own charitable event.

1.

A．surveys

B．services

C．duties

D．businesses

2.

A．sort out

B．play with

C．give up

D．put away

3.

A．travelling

B．volunteering

C．cooking

D．recycling

4.

A．Unfortunately.

B．Happily

C．Honestly

D．Gratefully

5.

A．shy

B．awkward

C．weak

D．young

6.

A．task

B．ability

C．chance

D．determination

7.

A．public

B．similar

C．sharp

D．direct

8.

A．joked

B．blamed

C．denied

D．praised

9.

A．advised

B．allowed

C．named

D．created

10.

A．judgment

B．difference

C．comment

D．decision

11.

A．plan

B．effort

C．project

D．experiment

12.

A．pleased

B．satisfied

C．amazed

D．interested

13.

A．connected

B．exposed

C．contributed

D．attracted

14.

A．familiar

B．patient

C．busy

D．content

15.

A．remembering

B．describing

C．celebrating

D．building

5 . A Utah man who has been in a wheelchair for more than three decades has created a pheasant hunt for people like him who need help getting into the outdoors.

Clint Robinson broke his neck after being thrown off a horse at a rodeo (竞技) 32 years ago. He’s done his best to keep getting into the outdoors to hunt and fish, the Daily Herald in Provo reports.

The event he calls “Wheelchairs in the Wild” pairs people that have physical disabilities with hunters who help them with whatever they need. Many go in off-road vehicles.

“What we’re trying to do is get new injured people back out into the field trying to get them back out, enjoying the outdoors and wildlife that’s out there and show them that there’s other things that they can do besides sitting in the house doing nothing,” Robinson said.

The youngest hunter at last year’s event was 13-year-old Missy Cowley who has spina bifida (脊柱裂). Her father loves to hunt but didn’t know how to accommodate (安排) her wheelchair. Her mother, Cindy Cowley, said it was amazing to find a program that allowed her daughter to go hunting.

“We always told her when she was little, you can do everything you want to do…but we just got to figure out a way,” Cindy Cowley said. “But we really didn’t know how we were going to get her up there to hunt.”

Missy Cowley said it was a great experience that also allowed her to meet other people who use wheelchairs. “This is wonderful. I can actually do it,” Missy said. “It was really fun. And I love being outdoors.”

Jerry Schlappi, officer from Division of Wildlife resources, who helped with the event, said Robinson is a perfect role model showing other wheelchair users with disabilities that they don’t have to give up what they love.

1. What can we know about Clint Robinson from the text?

A．He began to usea wheelchair thirty years ago.

B．He used to be interested in hunting and fishing.

C．He liked riding horses before getting disabled.

D．He is now more physically active than before.

2. What does Clint Robinson try to talk about in the fourth paragraph?

A．The benefits of his event.	B．The purposes of his event.
C．The processes of his even.	D．The difficulty with his event.

3. Why is much information about Missy Cowley’s family given in the text?

A．To show the effects of disabilities.

B．To explain the problem with hunters.

C．To show people’s interest in hunting.

D．To think highly of Robinson’s event.

4. What should be the best title for the text?

A．Hope Is brought back To Hunters with Disabilities.

B．Man Organizes hunting Event For Wheelchair Users.

C．Hunting Event Is Benefiting The Physically Disabled.

D．Wheelchair Users Are Supposed To Get Into Nature.

6 . When will the man see Dr. Owen?

A．On Tuesday morning.

B．On Wednesday afternoon.

C．On Friday morning.

7 . What are the basic elements, or parts, of good manners? Certainly, a strong sense of justice is one; politeness is often ____ more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend of mine once told me of him ____ along a one-lane (独路车道) dirt road. ____ was another car that produced clouds of choking ____, and it was a long way to the nearest highway. Suddenly, at a ____ place, the car in front pulled off the road. ____ that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “____,” said the other driver. “But you’ve tolerated my dust this far; I’ll ____ with yours the rest of the way.”

Another element of politeness is empathy (同理心), a ____ that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to ____ the pain or suffering there and to do something to minimize it. A man ____ alone in a restaurant was trying to unscrew (拧开) the cap of a beer bottle. ____, he couldn’t do it because of badly injured ____. He turned to a young kid for help. The kid took the bottle, ____ and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he ____ it again. Turning back to the man, he ____ to make great efforts to open the bottle without success. ____ he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had ____ to loosen it — but only with a pair of pliers (钳子).

Yet another element of politeness is the ability to treat all people ____, regardless of all status or importance. ____ when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.

Politeness is the key to a happier world.

1.

A．nothing

B．anything

C．something

D．everything

2.

A．walking

B．running

C．riding

D．driving

3.

A．Behind

B．Ahead

C．After

D．Before

4.

A．ash

B．black smoke

C．dust

D．steam

5.

A．cleaner

B．wider

C．flatter

D．straighter

6.

A．Believing

B．Confirming

C．Finding

D．Guessing

7.

A．Yes

B．No

C．Obviously

D．Probably

8.

A．put up

B．do away

C．catch up

D．go on

9.

A．technique

B．way

C．behavior

D．quality

10.

A．reduce

B．understand

C．cure

D．remove

11.

A．working

B．begging

C．dining

D．performing

12.

A．However

B．Otherwise

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

13.

A．legs

B．eyes

C．fingers

D．teeth

14.

A．sat down

B．turned around

C．took a look

D．held it tight

15.

A．watched

B．checked

C．hid

D．tightened

16.

A．seemed

B．managed

C．pretended

D．happened

17.

A．Luckily

B．Finally

C．Happily

D．Sadly

18.

A．tried

B．failed

C．managed

D．meant

19.

A．alike

B．friendly

C．warmly

D．nicely

20.

A．Ever

B．Specially

C．Especially

D．Even

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only by used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.

The world is full of weirdos who pretend to be normal for fear of drawing unnecessary attention to themselves and I am one of them. All my life, I have been trying very hard to avoid developing any permanent     1     with anyone. I manage it by intentionally minimizing my interaction with people around me to the lowest possible extent. I have been a man who slips away, in the way lovers leave chaos, the way thieves leave     2     houses. Some people might call it social phobia（社交恐惧症）and consider it a huge problem that needs to be resolved. But truth he told, I kind of enjoy this sense of rootlessness, knowing there will be less     3     on me.

It seems I am always attached to the good     4     of life but detached from life itself. It’s just like reading one of those well-received travel books. One only gets the chance to read all the fascinating stories accompanied with     5     beautiful sights. Therefore, one’s ideas and expectations of travel have been built up unrealistically. But when one gets his own chance to go travelling, he suddenly finds out it is not like that because travelling can be, and most of the time, will be filled with all those meaningless and disappointing trivia（琐事）. And that’s how after a few     6     attempts one starts to prefer reading travel books to travelling.

It also began to     7     on me that real life is a woman too good-looking for me. It’s a voyage too long, book too lavishly-illustrated, so I don’t have the courage to step into it. But when entering a book of stories, I know I can emerge from it feeling I have been immersed in the lives of others, in plots that     8     in their own unique ways, my body full of sentences and     9     as if awaking from sleep with a heaviness caused by unremembered dreams.

I don’t think I can or need to find a panacea（灵丹妙药）for my “problem” and of course, I don’t expect others to offer help. In most cases, when one takes in another man’s poison,     10     imagining he can cure him by sharing it, one will instead end up storing it within. So as long as I can live in peace and harmony with my weirdness, this very weirdness is something I would like to cherish rather than get rid of.

9 . A 74-year-old man is pounding(沉重地走)the pavement in the hope of finding a kidney for his sick wife. Wayne Winters began walking along the streets near his home in Farr West, Utah early this month with a sandwich board containing an unusual request. “Need Kidney for Wife, "the sign reads. Winters' phone number and his wife Deanne's blood type are also included.

Deanne has severe kidney failure and is in need of a transplant. Desperate to do something to help his sick wife, Winters walks along the streets armed with a new suitnew shoes, and his sign with a piea(恳请)for a kidney. Though he doesn' t walk fast. Winters' unusual method of tracking down a kidney for Deanne has attracted plenty of attention. In addition to the motorists and passers-by who have seen Winters out walking miles a day, his request for a kidney has now hit the In ternet and attracted the attention of millions more people.

Winters said he was inspired to pound the pavement on behalf of his wife after seeing a story online about another man who did the same thing and got national attention. Rush hour is his favorite time to walk up and down the streets because drivers are slowed down.

Though he hasn't had any success yet, Winters remains confident he will find a kidney for

Deanne, and says he won’t rest until he makes it. Winters has stated even after a match for Deanne is found, he will continue to raise awareness about kidney donation because it is now his Mlife mission". In fact, the back of his current sign includes a message aimed at helping others in need. It read," 1,000 kidneys are needed in Utah and Idaho. "

The National Kidney Foundation reports the average wait for an individual s first kidney transplant is over three and a half years, and can vary depending on health, compatibility（兼 容性）and availability of organs. The organization also notes over 3,000 new patients are added to the kidney waiting list each month, and 13 people die each day while waiting for a life-saving kidney transplant.

1. Why is the old man walking along the streets?

A．To help his sick wife.	B．To do some exercise.
C．To look for something he has lost.	D．To appreciate the sights of the city.

2. What encouraged Winters to think of walking along the streets?

A．Others' advice.	B．A moving movie.
C．A story online.	D．His devotion to his wife.

3. According to Para . 4, how can we describe Winters?

A．Optimistic and kind.	B．Patient and generous.
C．Passive and stubborn.	D．Positive and successful.

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．A kidney transplant is a life-saving operation.

B．Getting a suitable kidney for a patient is not easy.

C．New patients that are added to the kidney waiting list.

D．The success of a kidney transplant depends on several factors.

10 . Cooperation at work is generally considered a good thing.The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers need from MBA graduates found that the ability to cope with a wide variety of people was what managers have wanted most.However,managers always find ways to balance the benefits of teamwork, which helps ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal.With the dangers of “groupthink”,critics are reluctant to point out a plan 's drawbacks for fear of being excluded by the group.The disastrous Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a classic case of groupthink.Skeptics were unwilling to challenge John F.Kennedy, the newly elected American president.

Modern communication methods prove that cooperation is more frequent.Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail messaging groups or mobile calls .However, does that develop, or lower performance? A new study by three American academics, tried to answer this question They set a logical problem( designing the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities ) Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other' s views only intermittently.

The survey found that members of the: individualist group.reached the: premier solution more often than the constant cooperators but had a poorer average result The intermittent cooperators found the right result.as often as the individualists, and got a better average, solution.When it comes: to: perfect generation, giving: people a, bit of space to, a solution seems to be a great idea.Occasional cooperation can.be quite beneficial: most people have benefited from a colleague’s brainwave or (just as often)wise advice to avoid a, particular course of action.

Further clues come from.a book, Superminds, by.Thomas, Malone of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He says that three factors determine the collective intelligence of cooperating groups: social intelligence (how good people were at rating the emotional states of others); the extent to which members took part equally in conversation (the more equal, the better). and the cooperation of women in the group( the higher, the better Groups ranked highly in these areas cooperated far better than others did.

In short, cooperation may be a helpful tool but it does not work in every situation .

1. The author uses the example of The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in Paragraph 1 to__________.

A．prove that team players are skilled at communication.

B．prove that critics are unwilling to challenge anybody.

C．show that teamwork cannot always improving a situation.

D．show the danger of groupthink is not very serious.

2. The underlined phrase intermittent cooperators"in Paragraph 3 refers to__________.

A．those who do not cooperate but obtain the best solution.

B．those who are never informed of others’ views.

C．those who cooperate with others occasionally.

D．the constant cooperators with a poor average result.

3. Which of the following factors makes a team cooperate better?

A．Group members cooperating all the time.

B．Group members in a good emotional state.

C．Equal distribution of men and women.

D．Equal participation in the communication.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The meaning of teamwork.

B．In what ways teamwork operates.

C．Cooperation is, a useful tool.

D．Situations where teamwork works.