1 . Officer Galen Hinshaw heard the call over the radio: a fellow officer was in trouble. A crowd
The crowd yells
The standoff lasted just two minutes, though it felt
| A．in memory of | B．in fear of | C．in resistance of | D．in favor of |
| A．surrounded | B．used | C．advertised | D．allocated |
| A．repaired | B．damaged | C．appreciated | D．cleaned |
| A．scene | B．court | C．country | D．department |
| A．patted | B．grasped | C．scratched | D．balled |
| A．grew | B．declined | C．appeared | D．faded |
| A．nobody | B．anybody | C．somebody | D．everybody |
| A．surprisingly | B．angrily | C．ashamedly | D．depressingly |
| A．stuck | B．exposed | C．protected | D．covered |
| A．noisiest | B．furthest | C．closest | D．calmest |
| A．relying on | B．focusing on | C．advancing on | D．calling on |
| A．separated | B．waved | C．touched | D．linked |
| A．Abruptly | B．Properly | C．Normally | D．Politely |
| A．waited for | B．turned to | C．sent for | D．gave up |
| A．got | B．stepped | C．cheered | D．woke |
| A．lift | B．unfold | C．lock | D．straighten |
| A．excited | B．delighted | C．scared | D．frustrated |
| A．formed | B．organized | C．dismissed | D．shared |
| A．support | B．punishment | C．pressure | D．harm |
| A．calm | B．temporary | C．terrible | D．long |
2 . How to Be a Good Upstairs Neighbor
One must remember to be polite when living in an apartment building. You may unintentionally bother your neighbors with actions that you think to be harmless.
Place carpets in your apartment if you have hardwood floors. Doing so is another way to decrease the sound of steps coming from an upstairs apartment. You can also put your furniture on these carpets.
Close your windows when you can. A floor is usually about three meters high, so it’s quite easy to hear your conversations.
Do your cleaning on weekend afternoons.
| A．Wear slippers while in your upstairs apartment. |
| B．It becomes much easier when your windows are open. |
| C．No matter what you do, consider your neighbor’s requirements. |
| D．There’ll be a time when you will run a cleaner to clean your room. |
| E．This is especially true for those people who live above an apartment. |
| F．It will disturb your downstairs neighbor who has to work the next morning. |
| G．This keeps your furniture from moving around, thus limiting noise a downstairs neighbor may hear. |
On my first job as a sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise (MLE), I didn’t get a lot of fan mail, so my attention was caught by letter on my desk one morning.
When I opened it, I read: “Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers. Keep up the good work.” It was signed by Don Wolfe, the sports editor. Because I was a teenager, his words couldn’t have been more inspiring. I kept it in my drawer until it got old. Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer, I would reread Don’s note and walk on air again.
Later, when I got to know him, I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick, encouraging note to people in all walks of life. “when I made others feel good about themselves,” he told me, “I feel good, too.”
Over the years, I’ve tried to copy Don and write uplifting words, in a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth.
Why are positive note writers in such short supply? My guess is that people who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious. They are afraid they will be misunderstood. Also, writing takes time; it is far easier to pick up the phone. The drawback(缺点) of phone calls, of course, is that they do not last. And it sounds insincere on the phone. A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing. It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, savored (品味) and treasured, and they bring strength and love to us.
Today I sent а warm letter to my old boss. I don’t know if it will make his day, but it made mine. As my friend Don Wolfe said, “Making others feel good about themselves makes me feel good too.”
1. What does the underlined part “walk on air” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (No more than 5 words)2. According to the author, why aren’t people willing to write letters? (No more than 15 words)
3. Why did the author write to his old boss? (No more than 15 words)
4. What’s the text mainly about? (No more than 10 words)
5. Have you ever been encouraged by someone? And how? (No more than 20 words)
4 . Office Manners
Be punctual. As a newcomer, you should arrive early, not just on the first day and don’t be the first to leave at the end of the day.
Respect other people’s privacy. Knock before you enter someone’s office and do not read any correspondence lying on somebody’s desk. If you need to discuss a private matter with a colleague, make sure nobody else can overhear you.
Be neat and clean.
Don’t disturb others. Always apologize if you interrupt a discussion, someone’s concentration or other activities. Be aware of how loudly you may be speaking. If people in other offices comment on your conversations, perhaps your voice is too loud.
In short, office manners are about being respectful and polite in the office. It is an essential part of growing professionally and becoming a more mature person in the business world.
| A．Be considerate. |
| B．Be polite to everyone. |
| C．Don’t be late for any appointment. |
| D．Show appreciation for any help offered to you. |
| E．Personal issues should not be made into a public topic. |
| F．You should either close your office door or lower your voice. |
| G．Take a shower regularly and wear appropriate office clothes. |
| A. complicated B.concern C.disruptions D. eventually E.frequent F.healing G.holding H.reminder I. representatively J. vocalizing K.zero |
Secrets are bad for your health
I grew up in a Midwestern town where the popular wisdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets，if necessary，to make that happen.This meant staying silent when someone offended you，rarely
Many of us like to believe that sweeping unpleasant truths under the rug might make them
The truth can hurt. But in many situations，it s better to get it out and let the
"If the situations in your daily life are regular
6 . The philosopher，Martin Buber，is most known for his work on ”I-Thou/You" relationships in which people are open，direct，mutually interested in each other. In contrast，“I-It" relationships are those in which we use the other，like an object，to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become "It" relationships because most of what we feel，think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment. Thus，one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked.When we were small and helpless，“It"came and-fed us，and held us，and set us on our way.We didn't have to reciprocate and care for“It". Even when the care and attention of "it" was minimal or unpredictable，if we got out of childhood alive，somewhere along the way "it" was involved.
When we are very young，other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs. Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism",which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.While most of us grow out of it，we still hold a survival fear，which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive，and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us，too much of the time，are in a constant state of threat--and we often don't know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs，that we have cancer，that we are inadequate，and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck.As our brains have grown in size and complexity，so has our ability to scare ourselves.
This causes many problems. For example，our stress levels increase，our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function，feeling，thought and behavior that might"waste'"energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus，when in threat，our emotional，cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open，direct and mutual，fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving--not thriving. Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need，dependency，control，demand，dishonesty，and self-interest.
We cannot form the "I-Thou"relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort，and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.When in threat，we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us，or who we can blame for our problems.
1. When a person reciprocates,he tends to ________ .| A．ask for some advice. | B．return the favour. |
| C．convey an apology. | D．make some comments. |
| A．It leads to our fear. |
| B．It impacts our growth negatively. |
| C．It is normal and usually temporary. |
| D．It lays the foundation for Freud's theory. |
| A．Comforting an upset friend. | B．Feeling sorry for your mistakes. |
| C．Asking others to take on your task. | D．Trying hard to be independent. |
| A．How We Can Form the "I-Thou"Relationships |
| B．How We Can Get Out of the "I-It"Relationships |
| C．What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life |
| D．Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals |
This happened with me once while coming back from office late at night. The time was around 11:30 pm and most of the public transport had stopped.
It had been a long busy day. I was annoyed and too eager to reach home and rest. I was on my bike. The traffic signal just before my house turned red and my anger rose.
Then suddenly someone came up from behind me and tied to hand me a piece of paper.I thought it was another one of those people who hand you pages of some sad story and ask you for money. I could feel anger boiling up inside me shirked (避开) the person away with the motion of my hand without even looking at him.
This guy moved over to the next person in traffic and did a similar thing of showing him the paper. The other guy who was not in as bad mood as mine looked at the paper and started giving directions.It was at this moment realized that the person who came to me was asking for directions. He couldn't speak so he had written it down on a piece of paper.He was not some beggar asking for money, and he was dressed as a salesman carrying one of those bully encyclopedias (百科全书). After getting the directions he smiled at the person,bowed his head showing his appreciation and jogged away to the other end of the road.
I felt a sudden tender pity for him.By the time the signal turned green this salesman was standing at the other end of the road signalling people for a lift.I decided to help him out but my house was on a different route than where he was asking for a lift.I moved on but I was still feeling bad fr treating a hard working person that way.
注意∶
1.续写词数应为150词左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After going about 100 meters, I decided to turn back to offer him a helping hand.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When another bike stopped and he sat on the bike, he noticed me in the distance.
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8 . Being a leader in any environment earns you trust among peers and helps you get things done, whatever the task is. Let us show you how to develop leadership skills.
Assess yourself.
Address areas of improvement. Be open to testing new ideas and trying new ways of doing things, especially if it seems your old ways of doing things don’t work.
Be a good problem-solver.
Encourage others. Building leadership skills requires knowing how to work well with people. Staying in the know about what goes on in your community is important, but responding to that information with enthusiasm is equally critical.
| A．Accept responsibility. |
| B．Be open to the opinions of others. |
| C．Building leadership skills requires plenty of self-awareness. |
| D．Unexpected challenges will arise often and at lightning speed. |
| E．Let go of the need to stick to your plan and be flexible instead. |
| F．Recognizing the past can't be changed helps you make wiser choices in the future. |
| G．So be a source of positivity and support others in working toward their own goals. |
9 . Like the rest of us, scientists have long suspected the healing capacity (修复能力) of a good hug. Unlike the rest of us, they’ve gone about trying to prove it.
“Laboratory studies suggest that things like hugs help us feel safer. They can also make us less sensitive to physical pain and less reactive when we’re faced with threatening experiences,” says Michael Murphy. He is a research professor in the department of psychological sciences at Texas Tech University. “This lab work has shown that hugs and other touch behavior are related to stress. The more stress we have, the more our heart rates and blood pressure go up. At this time, hugs and other forms of personal touch may give off all sorts of feel-good chemicals, so that stress can be reduced.”
“There’s a lot that we still need to learn, and there’s a lot we don’t know,” Murphy says. “However, what seems to be rising up is that hugs, as well as other forms of loving and gentle touch, are really powerful. They remind people that they’ re cared about and that they have someone in their corner.”
We expect touch. When we were born, we were placed in our mothers’ arms almost immediately. In that first year of our life, we spend a lot of time being held by other people. And as we grow up, we seek out hugs and touch as a way of connection. I think what we have lost in the past few years are these really easy opportunities to be reminded of connection.”
While he was at Carnegie Mellon, Murphy was the lead author of a hug-centered 2018 article in the scientific journal PLOS One. In a series of interviews with 404 adults over a two-week period, the researchers found that receiving a hug is associated with the attenuation of negative emotions that occur on days with interpersonal conflicts. That is to say, generally, hugs help to reduce the negative impacts that personal conflicts may cause in our daily lives.
1. What can we infer about hugs from the laboratory studies?| A．They show people’s good social relationships. |
| B．They can cure us of our mental disease. |
| C．They can put much pressure on people. |
| D．They make us feel calm and at ease. |
| A．To recall childhood memories. |
| B．To keep connected with others. |
| C．To solve relationship problems. |
| D．To express their social politeness. |
| A．Expression. | B．Influence. |
| C．Suffering. | D．Reduction. |
| A．The Power of Hugs |
| B．How to Reduce Stress |
| C．How to Care for Others |
| D．The Importance of Interpersonal Relations |
10 . Last year, Americans spent over $30 billion at retail (零售) stores in the month of December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can create ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with intended receivers. At the same time, many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended receivers.
Anthropologists (人类学家) describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. They think that gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that receivers would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase. Givers are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves.
What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-receivers, but still tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, psychologists find a unique explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers equate (等同) how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find that gift-receivers will be less willing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume.
The thoughts of gift-givers and gift-receivers being unable to account for the other party’s perspective (立场) seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role and apply it in another.
1. What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in Paragraph1 probably mean?| A．Concerned. | B．Positive. |
| C．Unrealistic. | D．Conflicting. |
| A．It strengthens the bonds between people. |
| B．It is economically beneficial to the receiver. |
| C．It is actually a process of wasting resources. |
| D．It increases the financial burden to the giver. |
| A．Personal preferences are the least to be considered. |
| B．Gift-givers tend to link the gift cost to gift-receivers’ appreciation. |
| C．More gift-receiving experience helps prevent overspending. |
| D．The assumption made by gift-givers turned out to be correct. |
| A．a trend of overspending |
| B．an inability to change perspectives |
| C．a growing opposition to gift-giving |
| D．a misunderstanding of gift-receivers’ tastes |
