3 . 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友John听说你们学校的高中生都打了新冠疫苗，来信询问相关情况。请根据以下要点给他回信。内容包括：
1. 接种疫苗的情况；
2. 你的感想。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 新冠疫苗 Covid-19 vaccine       接种疫苗 vaccinate vt.
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

4 . It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain.After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

1. The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.

A．taking the blood out of the brain	B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine	D．lowering the brain’s temperature

2. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.

A．can last as long as 30 minutes	B．can keep the brain’s blood warm
C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy	D．can help monkeys do different jobs

3. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain       b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down       d. operate on the brain

A．a, b, c, d

B．c, a, b, d

C．c, b, d, a

D．b, c, d, a

5 . During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.

Soon after the epidemic (流行病) started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列) the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.

Due to this openness, companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine (疫苗). “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more flexible we’ll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”

Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.

This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.

He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a cooperative approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and treatment very rapidly.”

Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.

1. What does the article mainly talk about?

A．Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic in Africa.

B．Some scientific knowledge we’ve learned from the epidemic.

C．The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.

D．What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.

2. The positive effect of what the research team from Fudan University did is that ________.

A．they alerted the world to the danger of the virus

B．they helped remove people’s fear of the virus

C．they showed the world how to produce a vaccine

D．they invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine

3. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning remdesivir in paragraph 4?

A．To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.

B．To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.

C．To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries.

D．To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.

4. Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?

A．Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to climate change.

B．The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.

C．No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.

D．The increase in globalization may bring about more epidemics.

6 . Everyone should be so lucky as to have a friend like Francia Raisa. On Thursday, singer and actress Selena Gomez, 25, used Instagram to explain why she was “laying low” this summer. She posted a photo of herself in a hospital bed with her friend Francia Raisa holding hands. She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications(并发症) from lupus(狼疮), an autoimmune disease, which means it is the result of the immune system attacking normal tissue, including the kidneys, brain, heart and lungs.

People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a little bit of rash(皮疹) on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious. Many people see two or four doctors before the real problem is picked up. According to Dr. Kyriakos Kirou, roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant, sometimes because they weren’t treated with effective drugs to prevent the immune system from attacking the kidneys. Though Gomez said that she was “very well now,” she warned about the dangers of not taking medical diagnoses seriously, like she initially did.

Her Instagram post also called attention to two major health topics: the need for living organ donators and the fact that Gomez represents three groups more likely to be diagnosed with lupus and lupus-related kidney disease. Nine out of 10 people diagnosed with lupus are women, and most develop the disease between the ages of 15 to 44. And lupus is two to three times more common among women of color, including Hispanic women, according to the Lupus Foundation.

Raisa is Latina, and Gomez’s father is of Mexican origin. While it’s not essential that the organ donator and receiver be of the same ethnicity, people who share a similar background sometimes are better matched, according to data from the United Network for Organ Sharing.

1. What can we learn about Francia Raisa?

A．She is lucky.

B．She is selfless.

C．She is optimistic.

D．She is encouraging.

2. What is lupus like at its early stage?

A．It is deadly.

B．It is hard to recognize.

C．Its symptoms are psychological.

D．It reminds you of a kidney disease.

3. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．People with lupus.

B．Colored women lupus patients.

C．Lupus patients with kidney disease.

D．Women between the ages of 15 to 44.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A．Raisa and Gomez have a similar background.

B．Gomez has fully recovered thanks to the kidney from Raisa.

C．It is vital for the donator and receiver to be of the same race.

D．The organ from the donator of the same race matches the receiver better.

7 . Here’s an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.

For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch (疫苗贴) in a human clinical trial and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection with a needle. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized (免疫的) against the flu.

Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with another method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny needles are so small that 100 of them, arranged in order on a patch, can fit under your thumb.Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.

None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they’d rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.

The biggest beneficiaries could be people in low- and middle-income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less，is easier to transport, doesn’t require refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles-are even better.

“Microneedle Patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A．A vaccine patch that cures people of their flu.

B．A clinical study that protects people from disease.

C．A patch that makes flu shots a thing of the past.

D．A method that makes traditional flu shots painless.

2. What do we know about the vaccine patch?

A．It is produced by the WHO.

B．It causes slight side effects.

C．It delivers vaccine to the little finger.

D．It works badly on 30% of the volunteers.

3. The new patch has all the following benefits except that________.

A．it is provided free of charge

B．it can be used without a doctor

C．it can he kept at room temperature

D．it needs less care in transportation

4. What is Kaija and Maria’s attitude towards the new shot?

A．Cautious.	B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Disapproving.

8 . Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, in one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.

Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces.     1    .This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.

    2    . Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, shaking, breathing problem, etc. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, or stand near a door when at a party.     3    .

Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness.

    4    . Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes.     5    . Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart beating to fast often associated with anxiety attacks.

A．According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights

B．The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth

C．The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable

D．When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways

E．In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person

F．Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments

G．When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack

9 . In a room at Texas Children Cancer Center in Houston, eight-year-old Simran Jatar lay in bed with a drip (点滴) above her to fight her bone cancer. Over her bald (秃的) head, she wore a pink hat that matched her clothes. But the third grader’s cheery dressing didn’t mask her pain and weary eyes.
Then a visitor showed up. “Do you want to write a song?” asked Anita Kruse, 49, rolling a cart equipped with an electronic keyboard, a microphone and speakers. Simran stared. “Have you ever written a poem?” Anita Kruse continued. “Well, yes,” Simran said.
Within minutes, Simran was reading her poem into the microphone. “Some bird soaring through the sky,” she said softly. “Imagination in its head…” Anita Kruse added piano music, a few warbling (鸣, 唱) birds, and finally the girl’s voice. Thirty minutes later, she presented Simran with a CD of her first recorded song.
That was the beginning of Anita Kruse’s project, Purple Songs Can Fly, one that has helped more than 125 young patients write and record songs. As a composer and pianist who had performed at the hospital, Kruse said that the idea of how she could help “came in one flash”.
The effect on the kids has been great. One teenage girl, curling (蜷缩) in pain in her wheelchair, stood unaided to dance to a hip-hop song she had written. A 12-year-old boy with Hodgkin’s disease who rarely spoke surprised his doctors with a song he called I Can Make It.
“My time with the kids is heartbreaking because of the severity of their illnesses,” says Anita Kruse. “But they also make you happy, when the children are smiling, excited to share their CD with their families.”
Simran is now an active sixth grader and cancer-free. From time to time, she and her mother listen to her song, Always Remembering, and they always remember the “really sweet and nice and loving” lady who gave them a shining moment in the dark hour.
1. Simran Jatar lay in bed in hospital because ________.

A．most of her hair had fallen out

B．she was receiving treatment for cancer

C．she felt depressed and quit from school

D．she was suffering from a pain in her back

2. What do we know about Anita Kruse’s project?

A．It helps young patients record songs.

B．It is supported by singers and patients.

C．It aims to replace the medical treatment.

D．It offers patients chances to realize their dreams.

3. What does the case of a 12-year-old boy suggest?

A．Most children are naturally fond of music.

B．He was brave enough to put up performance.

C．The project has positive effect on young patients.

D．Singing is the best way to treat some illnesses.

4. What is probably the best title for the passage?

A．Purple Songs Can Fly

B．Singing Can Improve Health

C．A Shining Moment in Life

D．A Kind Woman—Anita Kruse