1 . Be it the flu or the coronavirus (冠状病毒), we can all take one basic step to keep ourselves healthy--wash our hands regularly. But how
It was 1846
While looking after the women, Semmelweis noticed something
Handwashing was finally officially adopted in the 1980s by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They
| A．surprised | B．thrilled | C．embarrassed | D．disappointed |
| A．volunteer | B．nurse | C．sponsor | D．pioneer |
| A．that | B．when | C．which | D．where |
| A．were comprised of | B．made up | C．consisted of | D．composed of |
| A．magic | B．concern | C．tale | D．secret |
| A．deadly | B．dead | C．deathly | D．dying |
| A．appealing | B．practical | C．odd | D．different |
| A．tended to | B．taken care | C．calmed down | D．worried about |
| A．with | B．at | C．on | D．in |
| A．treated | B．harmed | C．affected | D．infected |
| A．demanded | B．commanded | C．expected | D．recommended |
| A．leapt | B．changed | C．declined | D．ranged |
| A．Otherwise | B．Instead | C．Therefore | D．Nevertheless |
| A．unwilling | B．refused | C．ashamed | D．pretended |
| A．referred | B．thought | C．identified | D．looked |
2 . Picture this: you’re having trouble sleeping or your digestive system is playing up, so you go to your doctor expecting some pills. But, instead, you walk away with a ticket to the ballet or instructions to join a choir(唱诗班).
This is social prescribing(处方), and it’s taking off in a big way with hundreds of practices in England regularly referring their patients to take part in cultural activities, with a focus on prevention, early intervention, and management of long-term illness.
“Social prescribing can enable people to manage existing health problems, to connect and to grow in confidence,” says Pandya. As well as this, the arts can lower daily stress through even very short amounts of arts engagement each day such as listening to music. Even simply reading a book has numerous positive benefits. It can reduce stress, promote self-reflection, strengthen social skills, and increase knowledge, which can have an impact on educational and career success.
But why are cultural experiences so effective at improving your well-being? Art in any form, whether creating or observing, reduces the stress hormone(荷尔蒙). It also releases the feelgood hormones, which help you combat stress and pain. In a series of pioneering experiments, professors at UCL examined volunteers’ brains as they looked at 28 images. They found that the same part of the brain that gets excited when you fall in love with someone is stimulated when you look at works of art. Viewing art also causes an increase in dopamine(多巴胺), leading to feelings of intense pleasure.
Debs had been struggling with her mental health and was referred to art therapy courses. “Social prescribing addressed my wellness rather than my illness. The focus was on what I could do well, not what all the problems were. It allowed me time to heal myself. It totally transformed my life.”
1. What’s the function of the 1st paragraph?| A．To introduce a choir. | B．To show a picture. | C．To introduce the topic. | D．To attract readers’ attention. |
| A．doing an experiment. | B．listening to music. | C．joining a choir. | D．reading a poem. |
| A．The reason why art reduces the stress hormone. |
| B．The finding of a series of pioneering experiments. |
| C．The finding that the same part of the brain is stimulated. |
| D．The reason why art improves one’s health and happiness. |
| A．Grateful. | B．Concerned. | C．Discontent. | D．Neutral. |
3 . The human spine doesn’t just help us stand up straight. Inside the spine is the spinal cord (脊髓), which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as tiny, short bursts of electricity which travel between the brain and the other parts of the body.
The legs and feet send “sense” information to the brain, saying they’re hurt or hot. And the brain sends signals to the lower body, perhaps telling the legs to walk, dance, or sit down. Towards the bottom of the spine, nerves leave the spine. Different nerves help control different groups of muscles in the legs.
When someone’s spinal cord is hurt, this important pathway can get damaged. When that happens, a person is “paralyzed”, and he can’t move his legs. Now scientists in Lausanne, Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again. Each of the three men had damaged their spinal cords in motorcycle accidents and couldn’t move their legs.
To walk again, the man had operation. A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cords, below their injury. The implant (植入物) contained sixteen electrodes, which are small objects that electricity can pass through. The researchers made sure the electrodes on the implant were lined up with the nerves that control the leg muscles. To begin with, the scientists controlled the implants from a computer. Just hours after the implants were first used, all three men were taking steps, with support.
In the past, scientists have had some success with similar implants in the lower spine. But this research is different. The patients’ brains aren’t sending messages to their legs. The researchers used computers to set modes of movement—like taking a step—that would work well with each patient. The patients then used the computer to choose the pattern they wanted. That caused the implant, and the muscles to move in the chosen way. Over time, the men were able to walk entirely on their own, using a special walker with buttons to trigger each leg.
The solution isn’t perfect. It’s very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can’t walk without the system. But the scientists are expecting that in the future, this technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.
1. How does the spinal cord function in one’s body?| A．By sending out signals to the lower body. | B．By controlling different groups of muscles. |
| C．By providing electricity for the body. | D．Passing on information between body parts. |
| A．They receive messages from patients’ brains. |
| B．They work well by successful operations. |
| C．They are driven by computers to aid the patients to walk around. |
| D．They cause the muscles to function in a specific way. |
| A．Critical. | B．Objective. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favorable. |
| A．To compare different implants. |
| B．To show the important role of spinal cord in our bodies. |
| C．To inform us of a new invented implant. |
| D．To identify the weaknesses of former implants. |
Many hospitals employ therapy (治疗) dogs to comfort patients, but at Calais Hospital in
Northern France, a different sort of therapy animal wanders in the halls. Peyo is a 15-year-old horse who used to compete professionally
“Doctor Peyo”, as he is known to the hospital staff, seems to have a special gift for detecting
In the hospital, Peyo goes from door to door in the care center.
Animals have an amazing power
1. 接种疫苗的情况；
2. 你的感想。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 新冠疫苗 Covid-19 vaccine 接种疫苗 vaccinate vt.
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
6 . Taking a picture of your tongue with a mobile phone could soon tell you how healthy you are. Researchers believe the images can reveal important information about a patient’s health and even give them early warning of serious illness.
A team at the University of Missouri is developing a system that can analyze pictures using a 5,000-year-old Chinese principle, which is based on the flow and balance of positive and negative energies in the body, and uses the tongue as a key to learning about a person’s physical health, or “zheng” according to Chinese medicine.
“Within a year, our goal is to create an application for smart phones that will allow anyone to take a photo of their tongue and learn the state of their zheng,” said Dong Xu, chair of MU’s Computer Science Department in the College of Engineering and the co-author of the latest study.
The software analyzes images based on the tongue’s color and coating to distinguish between tongues showing signs of “hot” or “cold” zheng. Shades of red and yellow are connected with hot zheng, while a white coating on the tongue is a sign of cold zheng.
“Hot and cold zheng doesn’t refer directly to body temperature,” said Xu, “Rather, it refers to a series of symptoms connected with the state of the body as a whole.”
For the study, 263 gastritis patients and 48 healthy volunteers had their tongues analyzed. The gastritis patients were classified by whether they showed infection by a certain bacteria as well as the intensity of their gastritis symptoms. In addition, most of the gastritis patients had been previously classified with either hot or cold zheng. This allowed the researchers to test the accuracy of the software’s analysis.
“Our software is able to classify people based on their zheng state. And as we continue to work on the software, we hope to improve its ability,” said another co-author Ye Duan, “Eventually everyone will be able to use this tool at home using smart phone applications, which will allow them to monitor their zheng and get an early warning about possible ailments.”
1. The software mentioned in the passage is based on ________.| A．the latest development of smart phones | B．a traditional Chinese medical principle |
| C．the changes in one’s flow and energy | D．symptoms connected with the state of the body |
| A．one’s body temperature | B．the physical health of a person |
| C．the possible disease of a person | D．the color and coating of one’s tongue |
| A．analysis | B．effects | C．illnesses | D．applications |
| A．the software still needs improvement | B．the subjects in the study are all gastritis |
| C．the software has been in market for a year | D．the subjects in the study are classified by age |
7 . It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain.After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
1. The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.| A．taking the blood out of the brain | B．trying the operation on monkeys first |
| C．having the blood go through a machine | D．lowering the brain’s temperature |
| A．can last as long as 30 minutes | B．can keep the brain’s blood warm |
| C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy | D．can help monkeys do different jobs |
a. send the cooled back to the brain b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down d. operate on the brain
| A．a, b, c, d | B．c, a, b, d | C．c, b, d, a | D．b, c, d, a |
8 . During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.
Soon after the epidemic (流行病) started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列) the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.
Due to this openness, companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine (疫苗). “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more flexible we’ll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.
This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.
He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a cooperative approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and treatment very rapidly.”
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.
1. What does the article mainly talk about?| A．Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic in Africa. |
| B．Some scientific knowledge we’ve learned from the epidemic. |
| C．The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge. |
| D．What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics. |
| A．they alerted the world to the danger of the virus |
| B．they helped remove people’s fear of the virus |
| C．they showed the world how to produce a vaccine |
| D．they invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine |
| A．To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic. |
| B．To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus. |
| C．To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries. |
| D．To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained. |
| A．Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to climate change. |
| B．The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics. |
| C．No single group can fight against the epidemics independently. |
| D．The increase in globalization may bring about more epidemics. |
1. What seems to be the man’s problem?
| A．He doesn’t seep well. | B．He has no more pills. | C．He can’t focus properly. |
| A．Stay home from work. | B．Have a check-up. | C．Stop feeling anxious. |
10 . It is OK not to be OK
This is the simple encouragement people often use for themselves or others. But for professional athletes, this can be the hardest sentence to say.
On March 6, Cleveland Cavaliers forward Kevin Love posted an article titled “Everyone is Going Through Something” on the website The Players’ Tribune. In the article, the 29-year-old showed how he suffered from his first panic attack on Nov 5 in a game against the Atlanta Hawks and why he was so worried about sharing his story with the public.
Love identified that what keeps people from speaking up about their mental health challenges is the fear that many people see them as a weakness. “Growing up, you figure out really quickly how a boy is supposed to act. You learn what it takes to ‘be a man’. It’s like a play book: Be strong. Don’t talk about your feelings. Get through it on your own,” he wrote.
And being an NBA player made his situation even more difficult. Love was afraid to share his struggles because he didn’t want his Cavaliers teammates to think that he was unreliable.
However, as it turned out, Love’s teammates understood and supported him. Cleveland superstar LeBron James even wrote on social media that Love is “even more powerful now than ever before”.
For Love, it was a journey of empowerment to accept and address his mental illness and share his experience with millions of people who face the same problems. In fact, he was inspired to talk about his situation by Toronto Raptors shooting guard DeMar DeRozan, who had also opened up about his mental health issues.
Last month, the 28-year-old told the Toronto Sun that despite being a top-performing and wealthy NBA player, he still deals with constant blues. “It’s one of the things that no matter how indestructible (坚不可摧的) we look like we are, we’re all human at the end of the day, ”he said. “Sometimes…it gets the best of you, when everything in the whole world’s on top of you, ” But other times, by admitting who we are, we can get what we want. As Love told Advance Ohio Media, “You have to let some of that stuff bleed out in order to fully recover from it.”
1. What problem did Love have?| A．He faced pressure communicating with public. |
| B．He was troubled by mental health issues. |
| C．He had a bad relationship with his teammates. |
| D．His injuries prevented him from playing well. |
| A．He thought he should get through it on his own. |
| B．He didn’t want others to know his weaknesses. |
| C．He was afraid to lose the trust of his teammates. |
| D．He needed to keep a good public image. |
| A．DeRozan was inspired to talk about his mental problems. |
| B．Love was asked by his team to take a long break. |
| C．Love received many letters from people with the same problem. |
| D．Love’s teammates showed their support for him. |
| A．We should be strong when facing problems. |
| B．It is very difficult to recover from mental illness. |
| C．Facing bad feelings can help you get over them. |
| D．NBA players are more likely to suffer from mental illness. |
