Ancient Chinese healing methods
Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the BRI,
In Budapest, Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides
After
The center has also helped Jozsef’s son, Csaba Frenyo, who has been struggling with obesity-related health
2 . “Going wireless is the future for just about everything!” That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can’t help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called “sonogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body,” says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene—such as TRPA1—into the human heart,” Chalasani says. “If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers.” There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
1. What’s working principle for sonogenetics?A.Using medicine interventional therapies. |
B.Changing cells’ shape with new equipment. |
C.Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner. |
D.Using a kind of unique medical composition. |
A.Change the concentration of the protein. |
B.Find target cells for treatment precisely. |
C.Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign. |
D.Choose the type of cell to be stimulated. |
A.It can be applied to other fields besides medicine. |
B.It may replace some traditional medical therapies. |
C.It will totally transform gene delivery techniques. |
D.It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness. |
A.Can cells be controlled by sound? |
B.How is sonogenetics clinically used? |
C.Are gene delivery techniques available? |
D.What are applications of sonogenetics? |
3 . Reasonable people should not have blind faith in the medical profession.
While it is true that modern Western medicine has risks, we shouldn’t reject it totally.
If this is the case why has “alternative” health care become so popular in North America and Europe? Often the fear of surgery motivates people to look for these alternatives. Many people think that these treatments will help even when the situation seems hopeless to Western doctors.
A.Some alternative treatments are ineffective. |
B.In addition everyone wants to be treated warmly. |
C.We have to realize that there will be risks in almost any treatment. |
D.Alternative treatments are attractive because they seem less harmful. |
E.Patients who trust their doctors are more likely to follow treatment plans. |
F.We all have to get more information about the treatments that we are given. |
G.The harm to the patients usually comes from not getting medical treatment immediately. |
4 . It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia (痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine (November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo (安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates (积累) in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?A.The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers. |
B.The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants. |
C.All participants didn’t receive the new drug. |
D.It took 18 months to make the new drug. |
A.illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body |
B.making comparisons between two groups of participants |
C.describing how immune-system works in detail |
D.quoting the comments of other scientists |
A.It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment. |
B.It needs to be further tested before its launch. |
C.It costs too much for ordinary families. |
D.It can cause some side-effects. |
A.Reliable. | B.Groundbreaking | C.Promising | D.Risky. |
Acupuncture, one of the most famous Chinese medical treatments, is increasingly well received among the world with solid evidence
6 . Digital Medicine
Could the next suggestion from your doctor be downloading an app? Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies.
Many detection aids rely on mobile devices to record such features as users’ voices, locations, facial expressions, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence to mark the possible change of a condition. Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate.
Clearly, society must move into the future of digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps go through strict testing, protect privacy and go smoothly into doctors’ work. With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in.
A.For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care. |
B.These data also help doctors detect diseases and help patients change their behaviors. |
C.Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions. |
D.They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care. |
E.Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills. |
F.Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects of life nowadays. |
G.Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine. |
In recent years, “patient escorts (陪护)” has appeared as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career
“Get up at 6 a.m., arrive at the hospital one hour
Zhang Tian used to work in the Internet industry but ever since she hit a wall in her career, she
Although in the eyes of others, this is not a decent job, Zhang Tian regards this job as her startup. “I
8 . PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. | James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. |
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. | Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. |
A.Doing teaching jobs. | B.Being hired as physicians. |
C.Performing surgery. | D.Being banned from medicine. |
A.She wrote a book. | B.She went through trials. |
C.She worked as a dentist. | D.She had formal education. |
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B.Tan Yunxian. |
C.James Barry. | D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
9 . It’s quite common for some people to forget to take their medicines. Others might get well before finishing the prescription and no longer need the leftovers. No matter what the reason might be, unused medicines are likely to do serious harm to children or pets.
To deal with unwanted medicines, quite a number of people simply throw old pills into the garbage or flush(冲掉)them down the toilets.
Lastly, when handling the prescription medicines,separate pills from packaging that contains personal information.
A.Both methods, however, can be harmful. |
B.They will direct you to a safe disposal location. |
C.The outcome depends on what are in the medicines. |
D.The best way is to take them to a drugstore or hospital. |
E.Names were changed to protect the privacy of those involved. |
F.Therefore, all medicines should be thrown away if no longer needed. |
G.Cross out drug names and the names of healthcare providers on the labels. |
1. Where is the speaker now?
A.In a hospital. | B.In a college. | C.In a pet school. |
A.It cures the patients. | B.It makes patients feel better. | C.It helps do a lot of things. |
A.Play with patients and their children. |
B.Accompany patients to their hospital rooms. |
C.Be familiar with the hospital and pick up things. |