A 13-year-old boy has just been named America's Next Top Young Scientist for greatly     1     （improve）Pancreatic Cancer Treatment（胰腺癌的治疗）.

Rishab Jain,     2     is in the seventh grade at Stroller Middle School in Portland, came up with a treatment that makes use of artificial intelligence（人工智能）to locate the pancreas correctly. The pancreas     3     （cover）by different organs（器官）,     4     makes it hard for doctors to locate it. Besides, the pancreas can move around when a person breathes, so as a result, traditional treatment often ends up locating it     5     （wrong）. It can cause other serious problems.

"Last summer, I came to know that     6     （overcome）pancreatic cancer was so difficult a problem," Rishab explained "I     7     （learn）about artificial intelligence at that time and I wondered if I could use my knowledge to handle this problem."

"My eyes were filled     8     tears after my name was announced because I've been working hard on this project for the past year," Rishab said. "It was     9     （amaze）to see that my project went well and the journey was full of all kinds of     10     （challenge）and fun."

Many hospitals employ therapy (治疗) dogs to comfort patients, but at Calais Hospital in

Northern France, a different sort of therapy animal wanders in the halls. Peyo is a 15-year-old horse who used to compete professionally     1     his trainer Hassen Bouchakour. Now, he’s comforting patients and family members alike.

“Doctor Peyo”, as he is known to the hospital staff, seems to have a special gift for detecting     2     sick or injured. Bouchalour says that even at competitions, Peyo seemed to seek out contact specifically with those     3     (struggle) physically or mentally. After a few years of research, vets believe Peyo’s brain     4     (function) in a unique way.

In the hospital, Peyo goes from door to door in the care center.     5     is no doubt that Peyo has been fairly effective in reducing the     6     (anxious) of patients as well as their family members. According to doctors, they knew how     7     (benefit) Peyo’s presence was when they noticed that patients     8     were regularly interacting with him required fewer intense drugs. Peyo has stayed with many patients right until the end of their lives.

Animals have an amazing power     9     (comfort) us even during our     10     (hard) times. Perhaps this uplifting story of animal companionship will encourage more medical institutions to look into the healing benefits of animals.

7 . Medical errors (ME) are among the most important patient safety challenges facing hospitals and healthcare systems nowadays. Since the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report in 1999 “To Err is Human,” an increasing number of studies have shown how common and deleterious ME are, especially in hospital medicine. With this, healthcare leaders invested time and resources toward identifying and reducing ME.

A medical error is defined as “an incidence when there is an omission or a mistake in planning or execution that leads or could lead to unintended result.” While the majority of ME do not lead to an apparent adverse effect, a significant number of patients either suffer a permanent injury or death from ME every year in the United States and around the world as a result of those errors.

Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer. It is estimated that more than 200,000 patients die annually in the United States from ME. Furthermore, in addition to the harm inflicted on patients, medical errors are associated with an increased healthcare cost. In a 2008 report, it was estimated that medical errors cost the healthcare system in the United States more than 17 billion dollars annually.

The first step in combating ME and improving patient safety is to study the different types of medical errors to better understand why medical errors happen. The causes, types, and rates of ME can vary from one institution to the other and change over time, especially as we implement changes in our healthcare delivery. Therefore, it is important to capture, track and analyze all medical errors as possible at the institutional level.

As most of the nonmedication medical errors are hard to capture electronically and manual chart review is both unmanageable and time consuming, self-reporting is still the most reliable approach to capturing ME. Unfortunately, underreporting of ME is a commonly reported challenge even when healthcare institutions mandated reporting. While there is no agreement on what defines “underreporting of ME,” it commonly refers to the lack of reports on significant ME events.

8 . Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than Covid-19 for people who suffer from seasonal allergies. Protection varies mask to mask, depending on the fit and, for cloth masks, the weave of the fabric. And unless you wear a mask at all times, you may still be affected by indoor dust or other things carried through open windows.     1    

● Protect your eyes.      2       It helps block allergens like tree pollen from making direct contact with eyes.

● Wash and change your mask frequently. “The last thing you want is allergen getting trapped in it,” Dr. Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at N.Y.U. Langone Health said. She recommends patients change their clothes when they get home and shower before sleep, to ensure that pollen doesn't stick to their skin, and wash reusable masks frequently.     3    

● Find a mask that doesn’t make your skin painful. Choosing the right mask for an allergy-prone wearer can also be important. People with sensitive skin may react to dyes in some fabric masks and should use perfume-free detergents.     4     “My allergy sufferers have very sensitive skin because the same critters that make them sneeze or cough also can irritate their skin,” Dr. Parikh said.

●     5      “If people are continuing to have symptoms that interfere with normal activity — if they’re missing work, missing school, their sleep is disrupted at night — see a physician,” Dr. Lang, an allergist at Cleveland Clinic, said. “There are other ways we can help. You shouldn’t be suffering needlessly.”

9 . Teens who are preparing to take cosmetic surgery often have unrealistic expectations. The growing numbers of beauty treatment television shows which make cosmetic surgery seem simple have encouraged adolescents to pursue surgery to improve their physical appearance. As a result, more teenagers are going under the knife to achieve a desired look．

When teens feel the need to have cosmetic surgery, they believe that it is not a huge deal, but they may not be mature enough to make such a life changing decision. If teens feel inadequate before surgery, they will most likely feel disappointed afterwards. Not only is surgery complex and risky for mature adults, it is extremely dangerous for younger people, and some doctors are performing these procedures on kids as young as fourteen!

The cost of procedures can add up to thousands of dollars. Insurance does not cover the costs of these procedures. Teenagers often pay for surgery themselves ----- a very costly purchase for a young person. Not only can surgery become addictive for insecure teens, the consequence can be disappointing. When surgery takes an unexpected wrong turn, permanent damage can occur. Any surgery on a young, undeveloped person has a risk of complication (并发症) such as infection, which can lead to death. Even if there are no complications, there is no guarantee that surgery will provide the perfect nose or a desired shape body. No matter how minor the procedure, it is not as effortless as it appears．

Of course, there are cases where cosmetic surgery is appropriate. If a child has a serious injury or scarring from an accident, it can be beneficial. In all cases, parents must be involved in the process for the welfare of their child, and must guide them in the right direction. Fortunately, parents or legal guardians must sign documents allowing their child to have plastic surgery. Doctors also need to be a part of the decision. Most experienced and trust-worthy physicians turn down the opportunity to operate on a teenager unnecessarily．

Cosmetic surgery is a life-changing experience. Hopefully, more teens will realize that there is more to a person than physical beauty, and learn to accept themselves for who they are．