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Researchers at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) could soon replace the ruler currently
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2 . With the widespread use of smartphones, emojis(表情符号)have become a popular medium for expressing emotions and ideas. Researchers now believe these expressive symbols can play a significant role in medicine, increasing the response rate of health surveys(调查).
Scientists say that employing emojis in healthcare communications has several benefits, such as general recognition across diverse populations. So the study authors strongly support the use of emojis to bolster communication between patients and physicians.
“By promoting more effective communication between patients and care providers, as well as between physicians themselves, an emoji-based language system with a common agreement of meanings can be developed,” says Professor Kendrick Davis, who is an associate professor at the UCR School of Medicine. The professor has been working on creating an emoji-based measurement system for the past two years. And he has even conducted a study using emojis to measure health among college students.
Davis further explains that a significant part of medical communication includes surveys, which are often areas of communication breakdown. “Surveys are usually passed to patients in a variety of different stages of their care. But many surveys are explained with language that can introduce an obstacle. This is where emojis, which are friendly and widely used, come into play by replacing survey language that can be hard for some patients to understand,” he says. The authors also point out that while effective communication is important for successful treatment and care, certain health conditions such as brain injury can cause major obstacles. In such cases, emojis could be helpful.
However, Davis also acknowledges the importance of qualitative(定性的)methods. He expresses an interest in partnering researchers whose methodologies are heavily qualitative.
1. Why does the author mention the use of smartphones in paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the functions of emojis. |
| B．To explain why emojis develop fast. |
| C．To tell us where emojis are mainly used. |
| D．To show emojis have become widely used. |
| A．Improve. | B．Start. | C．Predict. | D．Suggest. |
| A．Emojis shouldn’t be used in letters from doctors. |
| B．Physicians are poor at communicating with patients. |
| C．Major obstacles can be caused by emojis sometimes. |
| D．Emojis can help patients finish medical surveys better. |
3 . If a person forgets names, places or facts — and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping — it may not mean you are getting old. It could be Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病) disease. So it’s important to see a doctor as soon as you can.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a medicine called ARICEPT (安理申) has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms (症状).
In studies, ARICEPT has been proved to work for Alzheimer’s. It has helped people improve their memory over time. It has also helped them to keep doing everyday things on their own.
Ask your doctor if ARICEPT is right for you or your loved one. It is the Number One medicine for Alzheimer’s in the world. The sooner you know it’s Alzheimer’s, the better ARICEPT can help.
ARICEPT is good for many but may not be good for everyone. Some people may experience not sleeping well, feeling very tired, or not wanting to eat. In studies, these side effects weren’t serious at all and went away over time. Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed. In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse.
1. If one suffers from Alzheimer’s, ________.| A．he can’t move about | B．he has trouble with his memory |
| C．he gets old more quickly | D．he can’t do everyday things on his own |
| A．A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s. |
| B．A medicine to cure brain damage. |
| C．A medicine to reduce the signs of getting old. |
| D．A medicine to ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. |
| A．If he can’t fall asleep. | B．If he feels like a drunken man. |
| C．If he has no desire to eat. | D．If he feels tired out. |
4 . Is your doctor telling you the truth? Possibly not, according to a new survey in Health Affairs of nearly 1,900 doctors around the country.
The researchers found that 55% of the doctors said that in the last year they had been more positive about a patient s prognosis (预判) than his medical history. And 10% said they had told their patients something that wasn’t true. About a third of the doctors said they did not completely agree that they should disclose medical errors to their patients, and 40% said they didn’t feel the need to disclose financial ties to drug companies.
Really? The study’s lead author, Dr. Lisa Iezzoni, a medicine professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Mongan Institute for Health Policy at Massachusetts General Hospital, was surprised to learn how dishonest her colleagues were. “Some of the numbers were larger than I expected they might be,” she says.
Why the white lies? In some cases, Iezzoni says it was for self- protection. Nearly 20% of the doctors admitted that they didn’t disclose a medical error to their patients because they were afraid of being punished for improper treatment. In other cases, it may have been for the patient’s benefit. Some might spare an anxious patient from hearing about the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, for example, if it has no negative effect on the patient’s health.
“After all doctors are human too,” says Iezzoni. “ They don’t want to upset their patients, they don’t want their patients to look unhappy or burst into tears. But they also need to be professionals; so they need to tell themselves that if there is a difficult truth they need to tell their patients, they need to work out a way of communicating that effectively.”
That’s important for doctors to appreciate, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, other studies consistently show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear unpleasant news than remain ignorant about an awful medical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can prepare for whatever might occur. Therefore, it is necessary for doctors to learn to express themselves.
1. About the new survey in Health Affairs, we can learn that .| A．10% of the doctors admitted that they had lied to their patients |
| B．about half of the doctors were unwilling to disclose medical errors |
| C．40% of the doctors preferred to work in drug companies |
| D．about 30% of the doctors were positive on predicting the patients’ disease |
| A．were trying to defend themselves | B．wanted to prove they were professionals |
| C．knew little about the patients’ situations | D．wanted the patients to spend more money |
| A．report some medical errors | B．talk about the needs of patients |
| C．persuade doctors to improve skills | D．discuss the doctor-patient relationship |
5 . While most of us are never without our smartphones, robots may also soon become important companions. It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan, who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments, such as injections and other unpleasant treatments, to reduce their pain and anxiety. On being subjected to a mild heat stimulus (刺激), the study participants who wore the robot experienced less pain than in the tests in which they did not wear the robot.
During the campaign to encourage vaccination (疫苗) against COVID-19, public health officials recognized that some people are simply afraid of needles, which resulted in reduced vaccination rates. While the problems of patients’ anxiety and pain during medical procedures have been well studied, there remain a need to test and a solution to help patients.
The soft fur-covered robot the scientists called Reliebo was designed to be attached to the participant’s hand. The researchers tested its effectiveness under various conditions based on the clenching (握拳) of the participant’s hand, while applying the painful stimulus to the other arm that was not being used to hold the robot. The researchers found that holding the robot helped relieve the experience for patients and concluded that the feelings of well-being that can be created by human touch may have also been activated by the robot. “It is well known that interpersonal touch can reduce pain and fear, and we believe that this effect can be achieved even with non-living soft robots,” states Professor Tanaka.
This may be useful when actual human contact is not possible. Future versions of the robot might use AR (Augmented Reality) technologies to help build a connection with the patient or distract them from feeling of pain in various situations.
1. What is the purpose of the robot?| A．To assist doctors in injecting accurately. |
| B．To help relieve people’s pain from injections. |
| C．To improve patients’ physical and mental health. |
| D．To assess the effects of getting vaccinated against COVID-19. |
| A．The robot is designed to be attached to the patients’ hand. |
| B．The robot’s soft fur gives the patients a feeling of well-being. |
| C．The robot’s “interpersonal touch” creates a feeling of well-being. |
| D．The robot instructs the researchers to relieve the experience for patients. |
| A．Develop more robots for medical treatments. |
| B．Promote the application of the robot worldwide. |
| C．Predict the possible risk of using the medical robot. |
| D．Carry out more tests to ensure the safety of the robot. |
| A．How to Reduce People’s Fear of Injections. |
| B．Advanced Technology Helps to Cure Patients. |
| C．Wearable Soft Robot Helps Reduce Pain of Patients. |
| D．Being Afraid of Needles Reduced Vaccination Rates. |
