1 . With the widespread use of smartphones, emojis(表情符号)have become a popular medium for expressing emotions and ideas. Researchers now believe these expressive symbols can play a significant role in medicine, increasing the response rate of health surveys(调查).
Scientists say that employing emojis in healthcare communications has several benefits, such as general recognition across diverse populations. So the study authors strongly support the use of emojis to bolster communication between patients and physicians.
“By promoting more effective communication between patients and care providers, as well as between physicians themselves, an emoji-based language system with a common agreement of meanings can be developed,” says Professor Kendrick Davis, who is an associate professor at the UCR School of Medicine. The professor has been working on creating an emoji-based measurement system for the past two years. And he has even conducted a study using emojis to measure health among college students.
Davis further explains that a significant part of medical communication includes surveys, which are often areas of communication breakdown. “Surveys are usually passed to patients in a variety of different stages of their care. But many surveys are explained with language that can introduce an obstacle. This is where emojis, which are friendly and widely used, come into play by replacing survey language that can be hard for some patients to understand,” he says. The authors also point out that while effective communication is important for successful treatment and care, certain health conditions such as brain injury can cause major obstacles. In such cases, emojis could be helpful.
However, Davis also acknowledges the importance of qualitative(定性的)methods. He expresses an interest in partnering researchers whose methodologies are heavily qualitative.
1. Why does the author mention the use of smartphones in paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the functions of emojis. |
| B．To explain why emojis develop fast. |
| C．To tell us where emojis are mainly used. |
| D．To show emojis have become widely used. |
| A．Improve. | B．Start. | C．Predict. | D．Suggest. |
| A．Emojis shouldn’t be used in letters from doctors. |
| B．Physicians are poor at communicating with patients. |
| C．Major obstacles can be caused by emojis sometimes. |
| D．Emojis can help patients finish medical surveys better. |
During the Hangzhou 2023 Asian Games, athletes from around the world have been exploring acupuncture (针灸),
TCM, which includes acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage, Tai Chi, and Qigong
While China places significant emphasis on the integration of TCM with modern biomedicine, it is also becoming more popular worldwide. Although some medical professionals are
TCM has been recognized for the potential benefits, particularly when
As research into TCM continues to advance and more individuals embrace it for
3 . Have you ever had cataracts (白内障) removed? Then you may see a bit more clearly due to the achievements made by Dr. Patricia Bath. She was born on November 4, 1942 in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Different from girls of her time, she was fond of science as a young girl and greatly contributed to a cancer study while in high school. After earning a bachelor’s degree from Hunter College in New York City in 1964, Bath attended Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, D.C. and got a medical degree there in 1968.
After graduating from Howard University, Bath worked at Harlem Hospital; later she noticed that in her neighborhood, people leading a hard life suffered from blindness that could have been prevented. From then on, Bath determined to create a new field called “community ophthalmology (眼科学)”. It aims to offer eye care to patients who have a hard time gaining regular eye care. Volunteers are trained to examine patients in senior centers or day care programs to test for serious eye conditions and to do vision (视力) testing. Community ophthalmology led to Bath and two others founding the non-profit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness in 1976. The purpose of the organization is to protect, preserve and restore the sight of patients all over the world.
Bath’s work with patients with cataracts inspired her to develop a new surgical technique. Cataracts are cloudy things on the eyes that, if not removed, will lead to blindness. Bath wanted to use lasers (激光) to remove them, but the technology did not exist at that time. She spent almost five years researching and developing the technique and equipment. Because of that, Bath earned a medical patent in 1988. Her technique of using lasers to remove cataracts has improved and restored the vision of millions of patients around the world.
1. What do we know about Bath from the first paragraph?| A．She showed interest in science. | B．She treated a lot of cancer patients |
| C．She received no formal education. | D．She failed to get along with others. |
| A．To train volunteers to do vision testing. |
| B．To raise people’s awareness of eye care. |
| C．To help patients lacking access to regular eye care. |
| D．To protect and restore the sight of patients worldwide. |
| A．Because she established community ophthalmology. |
| B．Because she suggested new ideas of protecting eyes. |
| C．Because she applied lasers to the removal of cataracts. |
| D．Because she helped all the blind people see clearly. |
| A．Bath’s dream of becoming a scientist. |
| B．A new method to cure all the blindness. |
| C．The start of community ophthalmology. |
| D．Bath’s achievements as an eye doctor. |
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the e
5 . Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney (肾) stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time. But American researchers have found that a roller coaster ride just might help those suffering from a kidney stone. They say such rides help patients pass the stones with a 70 percent success rate.
David Wartinger led the study. He found that where the person sits on the roller coaster can make a big difference. He said, “In the pilot study, sitting in the last car of the roller coaster showed about a 64 percent success rate, while sitting in the first few cars only had a 16 percent success rate.”
When it comes to passing kidney stones, not all roller coasters are equal. The researchers used 174 kidney stones of different shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked on the same ride and on two other roller coasters. They found that Big Thunder Mountain was the only one that worked. The other two roller coasters both failed the test. Wartinger said the other rides were too fast and too violent. The movement forced the stones against the side of the kidney. He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.
It also mattered where the stones were located in the kidney. The researchers found that stones located in the upper part of the kidney model were passed 100 percent.
Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing. “You need to pay attention to the warnings before going on a roller coaster,” he said, “If you have a kidney stone, but are otherwise healthy and meet the requirements of the ride, you can absolutely try it.”
He adds that it’s definitely a lower cost alternative to other treatments. And riding a roller coaster is definitely more interesting!
1. What might passing kidney stones be like?| A．Quick. | B．Enjoyable. |
| C．Exciting. | D．Uncomfortable. |
| A．when the person rides rough and fast roller coasters with twists and turns. |
| B．when the person sits in the first car of a roller coaster. |
| C．when the stone is forced against the side of the kidney. |
| D．when the stone is located in the lower part of the kidney. |
| A．It can prevent danger because of its clear warning. |
| B．It can prevent the development of kidney stones. |
| C．It can help anyone besides those with kidney stones. |
| D．It can apply to everyone with kidney stones effectively. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Concerned. | D．Disapproving. |
6 . If a person forgets names, places or facts — and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping — it may not mean you are getting old. It could be Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病) disease. So it’s important to see a doctor as soon as you can.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a medicine called ARICEPT (安理申) has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms (症状).
In studies, ARICEPT has been proved to work for Alzheimer’s. It has helped people improve their memory over time. It has also helped them to keep doing everyday things on their own.
Ask your doctor if ARICEPT is right for you or your loved one. It is the Number One medicine for Alzheimer’s in the world. The sooner you know it’s Alzheimer’s, the better ARICEPT can help.
ARICEPT is good for many but may not be good for everyone. Some people may experience not sleeping well, feeling very tired, or not wanting to eat. In studies, these side effects weren’t serious at all and went away over time. Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed. In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse.
1. If one suffers from Alzheimer’s, ________.| A．he can’t move about | B．he has trouble with his memory |
| C．he gets old more quickly | D．he can’t do everyday things on his own |
| A．A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s. |
| B．A medicine to cure brain damage. |
| C．A medicine to reduce the signs of getting old. |
| D．A medicine to ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. |
| A．If he can’t fall asleep. | B．If he feels like a drunken man. |
| C．If he has no desire to eat. | D．If he feels tired out. |
7 . Is your doctor telling you the truth? Possibly not, according to a new survey in Health Affairs of nearly 1,900 doctors around the country.
The researchers found that 55% of the doctors said that in the last year they had been more positive about a patient s prognosis (预判) than his medical history. And 10% said they had told their patients something that wasn’t true. About a third of the doctors said they did not completely agree that they should disclose medical errors to their patients, and 40% said they didn’t feel the need to disclose financial ties to drug companies.
Really? The study’s lead author, Dr. Lisa Iezzoni, a medicine professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Mongan Institute for Health Policy at Massachusetts General Hospital, was surprised to learn how dishonest her colleagues were. “Some of the numbers were larger than I expected they might be,” she says.
Why the white lies? In some cases, Iezzoni says it was for self- protection. Nearly 20% of the doctors admitted that they didn’t disclose a medical error to their patients because they were afraid of being punished for improper treatment. In other cases, it may have been for the patient’s benefit. Some might spare an anxious patient from hearing about the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, for example, if it has no negative effect on the patient’s health.
“After all doctors are human too,” says Iezzoni. “ They don’t want to upset their patients, they don’t want their patients to look unhappy or burst into tears. But they also need to be professionals; so they need to tell themselves that if there is a difficult truth they need to tell their patients, they need to work out a way of communicating that effectively.”
That’s important for doctors to appreciate, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, other studies consistently show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear unpleasant news than remain ignorant about an awful medical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can prepare for whatever might occur. Therefore, it is necessary for doctors to learn to express themselves.
1. About the new survey in Health Affairs, we can learn that .| A．10% of the doctors admitted that they had lied to their patients |
| B．about half of the doctors were unwilling to disclose medical errors |
| C．40% of the doctors preferred to work in drug companies |
| D．about 30% of the doctors were positive on predicting the patients’ disease |
| A．were trying to defend themselves | B．wanted to prove they were professionals |
| C．knew little about the patients’ situations | D．wanted the patients to spend more money |
| A．report some medical errors | B．talk about the needs of patients |
| C．persuade doctors to improve skills | D．discuss the doctor-patient relationship |
Tu Youyou, a c
9 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearby one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London’s School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called tranexamic acid(氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage(产后出血). It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It’s one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia, about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding.” The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块)from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it—so within the first three hours of giving birth— the better the effect is.”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed and provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that ______.| A．should be used for every mother |
| B．helps mothers before giving birth |
| C．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding |
| D．ensures most new-born babies’ health |
| A．To know how much the drug is. |
| B．To get permission to use the drug. |
| C．To make medical staff know how to use the drug |
| D．To let more people know the drug |
| A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is. |
| B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine. |
| C．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death. |
| D．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely. |
| A．Care for the Health of Mothers |
| B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well? |
| C．What’s the Biggest Killer of Mothers? |
| D．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths |
10 . The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the countryside. Before this time health care bad to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
1. We can know from the first paragraph that ________.| A．patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948 |
| B．the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers |
| C．people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up |
| D．the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody |
| A．It’s managed by the central government. |
| B．It hires more people than any other unit in Europe. |
| C．Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions. |
| D．Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care. |
| A．suffering | B．different | C．prevented | D．free |
| A．many hospitals are too old to be used |
| B．some services are in the charge of individuals |
| C．there is not enough money for further reform |
| D．more and more patients go to GPs for treatment |
