1 . Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. For example, it may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer (乳腺癌) in ways that were not possible.
Rishi Rawat teaches AI at a University in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. He says, “You put information about cancer cells (细胞) into a computer and it will learn the cancerous growth patterns. The pattern recognition is very important to making decisions.”
At present, researchers have to take a thin piece of tissue (组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cell-growth patterns. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do it better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can quickly recognize patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick recognition of cancerous cell-growth patterns that is free of human mistakes. Rawat adds that the process could be done “for almost no cost for the patients”. But having a large amount of information about cells is important for a machine to effectively do its job. Once the cancerous growth pattern is recognized, doctors still have to treat the patient. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer.
David Agus is another researcher of the team. He believes, “Computers will help doctors make better decisions and look for those patterns that the human brain can't recognize by itself. But they will not treat patients.”
1. What’s the advantage of AI technology?| A．It treats breast cancer all by itself. |
| B．It provides free cancer treatment for the patients. |
| C．It recognizes the cancerous growth patterns faster. |
| D．It helps doctors make fewer mistakes in cancer treatment. |
| A．The process of treating cancers. | B．The process of adding color to cells. |
| C．The process of taking a piece of tissue. | D．The process of recognizing the cell-growth. |
| A．AI will not replace doctors. | B．AI will develop fast in the future. |
| C．AI can be useless in treating cancers. | D．AI can provide the doctors with treatments. |
| A．AI technology has a long way to go. | B．AI Makes Better Doctors. |
| C．Future Cancer Treatments will be successful. | D．AI Helps Pattern Recognition. |
2 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London's School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called d tranexamic acid (氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage (产后出血).It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia. about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding. " The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块) from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth—the better the effect is. ”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that________ .| A．should be used for every mother |
| B．helps mothers before giving birth |
| C．ensures most new-born babies’ health |
| D．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding |
| A．To know how much the drug is. |
| B．To get permission to use the drug. |
| C．To let more people know the drug. |
| D．To make medical staff know how to use the drug. |
| A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is. |
| B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine. |
| C．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely. |
| D．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death. |
| A．Care for the Health of Mothers |
| B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well? |
| C．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths |
| D．What's the Biggest Killer of Mothers? |
