1 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearby one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London’s School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called tranexamic acid(氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage(产后出血). It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It’s one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia, about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding.” The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块)from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it—so within the first three hours of giving birth— the better the effect is.”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed and provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that ______.| A．should be used for every mother |
| B．helps mothers before giving birth |
| C．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding |
| D．ensures most new-born babies’ health |
| A．To know how much the drug is. |
| B．To get permission to use the drug. |
| C．To make medical staff know how to use the drug |
| D．To let more people know the drug |
| A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is. |
| B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine. |
| C．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death. |
| D．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely. |
| A．Care for the Health of Mothers |
| B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well? |
| C．What’s the Biggest Killer of Mothers? |
| D．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths |
2 . Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant (肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys, but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published. And the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hopes that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living donor liver transplants a year—a ten per cent increase.
1. What did Deveza do to save her mother?| A．Carrying out a case study. |
| B．Calling for kidney donations. |
| C．Launching a medical experiment. |
| D．Trading half her liver for a kidney. |
| A．Patients’ hopelessness to survive. |
| B．Several sources of organ donation. |
| C．Current situation of organ transplants. |
| D．Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants. |
| A．It discouraged organ donation. |
| B．It brought two families together. |
| C．It met with widespread approval. |
| D．It produced a desirable outcome. |
| A．My Liver, Your Kidney |
| B．Mother’s Love, Our Happiness |
| C．Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients |
| D．Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances |
3 . Therapy (治疗) dogs have long visited nursing homes and schools and even disaster sites, offering comfort to humans. A new study shows that a 10-minute visit from a therapy dog can help relieve patients’ pain in the emergency room.
The research from the University of Saskatchewan, published in the journal PLOS on Wednesday, found that emergency room patients who were visited by a therapy dog reported less pain than those who weren’t.
“Therapy dogs themselves are really friendly and are so excited to visit with people in places where they don’t typically have a pet.” Dr. Colleen Dell, a professor at the University of Saskatchewan and one of the study authors, told NPR.
In a trial (试验), researchers asked more than 200 patients to report their pain levels. One group of patients received a 10-minute visit from a therapy dog and the other group did not. After the visit, researchers asked patients in both groups to report their pain levels again. Those who spent 10 minutes with the dog reported less pain, the study found.
“Many patients have experienced positive outcome from therapy dogs, but this study clinically proves them”, said Dell, herself a therapy dog handler.
Stempien, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the University of Saskatchewan has seen the dogs in action at the hospital where he works. Before the pandemic (大流行病), a therapy dog would visit multiple times a week. During visits, the dog would often make a stop in the nursing lounge (休息室) before visiting with patients.
“I think it brought smiles on faces of almost all the staff they interacted with,” Stempien told NPR.
But the people aren’t the only ones getting something out of this. “Therapy dogs love their job. They love to interact with people.” Dell said, “Though we need more research on this, we believe they also gain something out of it as well as giving while visiting with people.”
1. How did researchers carry out their study?| A．Collecting numbers. |
| B．Organizing tests. |
| C．Studying previous study projects. |
| D．Conducting questionnaires. |
| A．Different patients received different treatments from the therapy dogs. |
| B．Those visited by the therapy dogs reported more positive results. |
| C．Those visited by the therapy dogs lessen their pain totally. |
| D．200 doctors and nurses took part in the trial. |
| A．Therapy dogs are only interested in helping people. |
| B．Therapy dogs fell less pain when staying with people. |
| C．Therapy dogs can also get something when helping people. |
| D．The present research is enough to prove that therapy dogs love their job. |
| A．A health magazine | B．An animal encyclopedia |
| C．A biology textbook | D．A science fiction |
TCM is short for Traditional Chinese Medicine. TCM, which has a history of more than 2,500 years in China,
In early February, 102 mild patients in Wuhan received therapy with Jinhua Qinggan Granule (颗粒). As
5 . 
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Protected with a tamper evident seal. Do not use if seal under cap is broken or missing. Store in a cool, dark, dry place with lid (盖子) tightly closed.
1. How many pills can a person take a day at most?| A．1 | B．2 | C．3 | D．4 |
| A．In the sun. | B．Under the shade. |
| C．Near a pool. | D．In the open air. |
| A．dentists and nurses | B．people with joint problems |
| C．pregnant women | D．people under the age of 18 |
6 . Play therapy is a kind of treatment which uses play to deal with psychological problems.
A typical course of play therapy is that the therapist meets with the child's parents to discuss the child's problems. The parents may be concerned with behavioral problems like shyness, acting out in class or bed-wetting.
When a child starts to go through the toys, the therapist takes note of which toys the child plays with, and how the child plays with them.
Working with children can be challenging, as a child may make progress one day, and not the next. Therapy requires patience and devotion to long-term treatment. When the child's problems have been dealt with, the therapist will prepare the child for leaving.
| A．Play therapy can be used in adults. |
| B．Some children don't like to play with toys. |
| C．And the course of therapy finally ends. |
| D．Play therapy can be quite helpful to kids. |
| E．Next, the therapist is introduced to the child. |
| F．The therapist can know better about the parents. |
| G．But the therapist won't offer any advice on playing. |
7 . Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world's 42 million, blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 3,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plan programs in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.| A．direct the public's attention to the blind |
| B．advise the public to lead a simple life |
| C．introduce a new way of reading |
| D．encourage the public to use imagination |
| A．They are adequate. |
| B．They have not been updated. |
| C．They are not equally distributed. |
| D．They have benefited most of the blind. |
| A．teaching medical students |
| B．training doctors and nurses |
| C．running flying hospitals globally |
| D．setting up non-profit organization |
| A．ORBIS Flying Hospital | B．Fighting Blindness |
| C．ORBIS in China | D．Sight-seeing Techniques |
8 . Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) needs to prove its worth through rigorous clinical trials, according to the head of one of China’s largest herbal remedy companies, as a contentious new law to boost the $40bn sector comes into effect.
Traditional Chinese Medicine is estimated by analysts to account for a third of sales in China’s $117bn pharmaceutical (药学) market, the world’s second largest. But most of those sales are of relatively cheap over-the-counter drugs, with many Chinese hospital doctors unwilling to prescribe TCM remedies because of the lack of evidence for their effectiveness.
China’s first law promising equal status for TCM and western medicine in the country’s state-dominated healthcare system comes into effect this weekend. Provisions include encouragement for hospitals to set up TCM centres, and a licensing system for practitioners (从业者). “This law is very important for securing the status of TCM,” said Wu Yiling, chairman of Yiling Pharmaceutical, a company that makes herbal remedies based on traditional recipes in the northern province of Hebei.
Listed in Shenzhen, Wu Yiling has a market capitalization of RMB 20.7bn ($3bn). Mr Wu, the son of a herbal practitioner, controls a family fortune of $1.6bn, according to the Hurun Rich List.
Mr Wu is both a supporter of the nature of Qi—the mystical energy force that provides the basis for much of TCM theory—and the clinical trials vital to western pharmaceutical companies. “TCM needs to develop using modern research methods,” he said.
For instance, researchers from Peking and Cardiff Universities tested the health benefits of Yiling’s herbal medicine Yangzheng Xiaoji, publishing papers in the International Journal of Oncology that showed the drug can slow the growth of cancer tumours. “The theory and recipe is TCM, but in practice the evaluation of our medicines is carried out according to western evidence-based methods,” Mr Wu said.
Analysts say such tests can help gain support from doubtful hospital doctors and boost prescriptions. “Doctors need strong evidence that drugs definitely work,” said Serena Shao, healthcare analyst at brokerage CLSA. “Some of these companies are currently doing clinical trials, and getting proof that their drugs have the same efficacy (功效) as chemical drugs. That’s the way to go.” she added.
The TCM law has been greeted with doubt from China’s western-schooled medical establishment, which points to a lack of rigorous training for TCM doctors, and a recent series of shocking events involving herbal injections believed to have been harmful. “Officials will try and encourage TCM, but also will be very cautious about what kinds of TCM they use in hospitals,” added Ms Shao.
1. Why does Traditional Chinese Medicine need to prove its worth through rigorous clinical trials?| A．Because Chinese medicine is all cheap over-the-counter drugs |
| B．Because Chinese medicine market is the world’s second largest one. |
| C．Because Chinese government wants to boost the law of Chinese medicine. |
| D．Because doctors are unwilling to prescribe TCM remedies lacking evidence of effectiveness. |
| A．Articles of law. | B．Ways of supplying. |
| C．Methods of motivation | D．Approaches to inspiring. |
| A．is a herbal practitioner, controlling a family fortune |
| B．has a company in Shenzhen that has a market capitalization of $3bn |
| C．lets his company evaluate herbal medicines with western evidence-based methods |
| D．thinks that if we need to develop TCM, we should use Chinese traditional research methods |
| A．western doctors deny the effectiveness of TCM |
| B．TCM hasn’t been recognized in the western medicine |
| C．there is a lack of rigorous training for TCM doctors |
| D．a recent series of shocking events has destroyed Chinese medicine |
9 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London's School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called d tranexamic acid (氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage (产后出血).It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia. about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding. " The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块) from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth—the better the effect is. ”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that________ .| A．should be used for every mother |
| B．helps mothers before giving birth |
| C．ensures most new-born babies’ health |
| D．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding |
| A．To know how much the drug is. |
| B．To get permission to use the drug. |
| C．To let more people know the drug. |
| D．To make medical staff know how to use the drug. |
| A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is. |
| B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine. |
| C．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely. |
| D．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death. |
| A．Care for the Health of Mothers |
| B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well? |
| C．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths |
| D．What's the Biggest Killer of Mothers? |
