1. When did the woman go to see the new doctor?
| A．A couple of days ago. | B．A couple of weeks ago. | C．A couple of months ago. |
| A．He cares about his patients. |
| B．He dislikes listening to others. |
| C．He is older than the last doctor. |
2 . PRACTITIONERS
| Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. | James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. |
| Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. | Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. |
| A．Doing teaching jobs. | B．Being hired as physicians. |
| C．Performing surgery. | D．Being banned from medicine. |
| A．She wrote a book. | B．She went through trials. |
| C．She worked as a dentist. | D．She had formal education. |
| A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B．Tan Yunxian. |
| C．James Barry. | D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear John,
I’m greatly honouring to share with you about my opinion of further my study in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) at that famous university.
With history of over 2000 years, TCM is wide known for it has formed a unique system to diagnose and cure illness. Generations of Chinese people as well as foreigners benefit from them. I feel really pride whenever I see patients of my father and grandfather to leave the clinics with satisfaction and hope. Just like me, many classmates of mine have made up their mind to succeed traditional Chinese doctors’ career and majored in TCM to become doctors. I believe it’ll turn up an excellent cause for me to pursue.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
4 . We live in a time when various illnesses and conditions can he treated with just a few pills or spoonful of liquid. Unfortunately for us, many medicines come with a bitter and unpleasant taste that can make taking them more difficult. There are, however, a few ways you can overcome a medicine’s taste and keep yourself healthy at the same time.
The easiest way to take bitter liquid medicine is by mixing it with a better-tasting drink. This is usually fine with most medicines, but you have to be careful. There could be interactions between your drug and certain liquids. Check with your doctor and ask what is the best kind of liquid for your medicine, and if there are any juices that will interact with your drug.
Medicines usually have less taste when cold. If you can’t thin your medicine, you can try serving it cold to reduce the bitter taste. Leave it in the refrigerator for about an hour before taking it to ensure that it is sufficiently cold. Suck on an ice cube before taking the medicine. This will numb (使麻木) your mouth and make it harder to taste. With your mouth numbed, you can swallow the medicine before getting too much of a bitter taste.
Crush (碾碎) your pills and mix them into food. If you’ve consulted your doctor and confirmed that it is safe to crush your pills, then use this opportunity to take your medicine with food you enjoy. Many methods for taking pills involve crushing or breaking the pills and mixing them into food. Before doing this, make sure this won’t lower the effectiveness of your medicine. Some pills have time-release coating and can be harmful if crushed clown.
1. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1?| A．We are threatened by various illnesses. |
| B．We can’t find a cure to most diseases. |
| C．Many medicines don’t work well at all. |
| D．Many medicines taste bitter and unpleasant. |
| A．Certain liquids reduce the medicine’s effectiveness. |
| B．It is illegal to do so without a doctor’s permission. |
| C．Only doctors really know which juice tastes good. |
| D．Some medicines interact with each other in liquids. |
| A．To make medicines taste good. |
| B．To let the mouth temporarily lose taste. |
| C．To improve curative effect |
| D．To get rid of the side effect |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A research paper. |
| C．A health magazine. | D．A travel brochure. |
Most children’s skin is very delicate and needs to be well cared for. If your child is older, most cream treatments are safe for use. However, if your baby has
Treating bites on newborns is much
Generally
6 . Vaccination（接种疫苗）is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much-the measles virus（麻疹病毒）, for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life.
However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza（流行性感冒）, commonly known as "the flu", which generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term.
There is no long-term immunity（免疫）, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. "The virus essentially 'changes its coat'—HIN1, H2N3, and so on," he told the website Healthline.
Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be the most common during the upcoming flu season.
Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance（监测）for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to the official website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）. The World Health Organization also suggests there are three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.
But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with（与……一致）peak demand.
So scientists prioritize（划分优先顺序）access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.
This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining（过度使用）resources and healthcare workers' time.
1. What do we know about influenza?| A．Influenza viruses are continuously changing. |
| B．It commonly peaks between November and December. |
| C．Getting two flu vaccines can protect people against the viruses. |
| D．HINI and H2N3 are the most easily infectious flu viruses. |
| A．They update vaccines once a year. |
| B．They monitor the flu throughout the year. |
| C．They focus on one or two viruses during a period. |
| D．Influenza centers worldwide share virus samples from patients. |
| A．Because not all people can afford it. |
| B．Because some people refuse to get vaccinated. |
| C．Because the vaccine is not safe for everyone. |
| D．Because the vaccine doesn't always meet the demand. |
| A．It could be more challenging than ever for medical workers. |
| B．Enough resources have been prepared to cope with it. |
| C．Flu vaccines will be provided for the public in November. |
| D．The flu vaccines are expected to help prevent COVID-19. |
7 . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.
Westerners’ understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping(拔罐) and massage(按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps’ back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disappointing to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription(处方) drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou’s winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China’s TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
1. Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps?| A．Because Phelps has an international fame for his interest in TCM. |
| B．Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. |
| C．Because currently westerners have a preference for TCM |
| D．Because westerners have rather limited knowledge about TCM. |
| A．Because Chinese herbs can’t cure diseases as well as western medicine |
| B．Because they only approve of the practice of acupuncture |
| C．Because Chinese medicine tastes so bad. |
| D．Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops pretty slowly |
| A．The methods of processing herbs. |
| B．The effectiveness of prescription. |
| C．Lack of proper standardization. |
| D．Its unstable functions. |
| A．medicine-making companies lack creativity |
| B．prescriptions are passed down from generation to generation |
| C．Western companies are more experienced |
| D．medicine-making companies lack driving force and experienced specialists |
8 . Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.
Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above safe limits. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.
It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroked person has fainted (昏迷). Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.
Get the person to a cooler area
If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioning and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well shaded area.
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.
If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.
1. When does a person get sunstrok?| A．When the body doesn’t function. |
| B．When proper care is given immediately. |
| C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long. |
| D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear. |
| A．The first aid for sunstroke. |
| B．The cause of sunstroke. |
| C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke. |
| D．The essential preventions of sunstroke. |
| A．To call for assistance from others. |
| B．To leave the sunstroked person in the shade. |
| C．To apply a wet towel to the person’s face. |
| D．To help the person take some medicine. |
| A．a guide book | B．a book review |
| C．a medical magazine | D．an official document |
