Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.
Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above safe limits. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.
It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroked person has fainted (昏迷). Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.
Get the person to a cooler area
If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioning and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well shaded area.
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.
If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.
1. When does a person get sunstrok?| A．When the body doesn’t function. |
| B．When proper care is given immediately. |
| C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long. |
| D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear. |
| A．The first aid for sunstroke. |
| B．The cause of sunstroke. |
| C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke. |
| D．The essential preventions of sunstroke. |
| A．To call for assistance from others. |
| B．To leave the sunstroked person in the shade. |
| C．To apply a wet towel to the person’s face. |
| D．To help the person take some medicine. |
| A．a guide book | B．a book review |
| C．a medical magazine | D．an official document |
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【推荐1】Having a dental fear(牙科恐惧症) is a common problem. Learning to overcome your fear of the dentist is possible with a little determination and guidance. It is worthwhile to overcome the issue as healthy teeth might help you be healthy physically and spiritually.
Admission
Admitting you have a fear is the first step in overcoming dental fear. When you acknowledge your fear, you can start the process. Dentistry has come a long way over the years. The anesthetics(麻醉) are improved, the techniques are of higher quality and dental offices have a better understanding of these issues you are concerned and all these can help you overcome it.
Research
Speak to family and friends about your fear. Be open and honest about your issues and get feedback from them regarding their dental experiences. You can contact your local Dental Society and express your concerns. Another good approach is to simply call dental offices and get useful information from the front office staff.
First visit
Most dental offices schedule your first visit by a dental assistant. This gives you a chance to ease into the situation. Do not hesitate to express your fear and hesitation. Pay attention to what the assistant says. It can be very useful and it can gently guide you to a new attitude towards dentists.
Relaxation techniques
There are many things you can do to relax yourself. Slow, steady, deep breaths are keys to relax properly. Another aid in relaxation is to bring your iPod to play some relaxing music while you are in the dental chair. Music is a wonderful tool to use and is a helpful distraction.
Facing your fear and making the first dental appointment are necessary for your health. Ignoring your dental health because of your fear will only worsen the issues and cause you to have serious dental problems.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.| A．few people might have the dental fear |
| B．it's impossible to overcome the dental fear |
| C．it's meaningful to overcome the dental fear |
| D．it's not necessary to pay attention to dental health |
| A．admitting your dental fear |
| B．asking advice from other people |
| C．learning something about dental health |
| D．making an appointment with a good dentist |
| A．Ask someone to accompany you. |
| B．Listen carefully to the assistant's advice. |
| C．Avoid telling your fear and hesitation. |
| D．Avoid showing any attitude towards the dentists. |
【推荐2】It all began with an experience one of us (Arinzeh) had more than two decades ago. In 1991, a summer research experience at the University of California at Berkeley demonstrated how engineering could improve the lives of patients. Instead of working in a more traditional area such as automobile design, Arinzeh spent the summer after her junior year of college working in a rehabilitation laboratory.
Engineers there were designing new prosthetic (修复的) devices for patients who had lost limbs, and new assistive devices to help paralyzed patients move. The engineers would then collaborate with clinicians at a rehabilitation center to test their developments. Before that summer she hadn’t connected traditional engineering principles with the opportunity to solve biomedical problems. But by the end of those short months, Arinzeh was hooked on the promise of using mechanical engineering to help people move better.
Tissue engineering, a budding field at that time, offered a chance to move beyond building prosthetics. Damage to musculoskeletal tissues, such as bone and cartilage, and nervous tissue, such as the spinal cord, can be debilitating and can severely limit a person’s quality of life. In addition, such tissues cannot fully regenerate after a severe injury or in response to disease. Tissue engineers aim to fully repair and regenerate that tissue so that it regains complete function, but at that time researchers still had a lot to learn about cells and their support structures to solve these problems.
The earliest successes were with skin, in which researchers used dermal cells to generate grafts, leading to the first commercial products in the late 1990s. Researchers imitate nature, using cells as building blocks and developing strategies to guide the cells to form the appropriate tissue. Because stem cells (干细胞) are precursor (前身) to almost all tissue types, such cells are a promising source of these critical building blocks. But cells don’t grow and differentiate on their own. The cell’s microenvironment can influence stem-cell function in critical ways. Engineered microenvironments, or scaffolds, can effectively promote stem cells and other cell types to form tissues. To construct such scaffolds, some important tools are what are called functional biomaterials. These materials respond to environmental changes such as PH, enzymatic activity, or mechanical load, and their composition can mimic or replicate components of native tissue.
One of us (Arinzeh) wanted to use functional biomaterials to create three-dimensional tissue-like structures where cells can grow, proliferate (增殖), and differentiate, ultimately forming and regenerating tissue. Our group’s work started with bone studies in the 1990s, eventually moving into cartilage and the spinal cord over the past decade. The overall goal is to produce structures that could someday help patients struggling with severe injuries and movement disorders to move freely. For bone repair, our group has studied composite scaffolds consisting of polymers and ceramics that provide both mechanical and chemical cues to repair bone. Piezoelectric materials, which respond to mechanical stimuli by generating electrical activity, are used to encourage the growth of nerve tissue as well as cartilage and bone. Glycosaminoglycans (GACs), a major component of native cartilage tissue, provide growth factors to promote tissue formation, and Arinzeh has designed biomimetic scaffolds that incorporate these molecules. After all these years, the promise that seemed so enticing in 1991 is becoming a practical reality, with huge implications for human health.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．Before working with patients, Arinzeh was an automobile designer. |
| B．Since 1991, tissue engineering has been mainly applied to building prosthetics. |
| C．It’s hard for musculoskeletal tissues to fully recover from disease or injury. |
| D．In the late 1990s, the lack of knowledge about cells and their support structures prevented researchers from making any achievement in tissue engineering. |
| A．change | B．divide | C．alternate | D．reproduce |
| A．tissues from one part of a person’s body used to repair another damaged part |
| B．stem cells and other cell types in an engineered microenvironment |
| C．structural support for damaged tissue repair |
| D．functional biomaterials to replace native tissues. |
| A．It was inspired by the team members’ internship. |
| B．So far, the study has covered multiple musculoskeletal tissues, including bone, cartilage and nervous tissues. |
| C．The electrical activity caused by Piezoelectric materials will generate mechanical stimuli that encourage the growth of musculoskeletal tissues. |
| D．The researchers of this study are the best designers of modern tissue engineering. |
【推荐3】
Read the directions of the medicine before you make your choices.
| Adults (成人): 2 tablespoonfuls (汤匙) Children: according to age 10 ~ 14 years 4 teaspoonfuls (茶匙) 6 ~ 10 years 2 teaspoonfuls 3 ~ 6 years 1 teaspoonful Repeat above dose (剂量) every 1/2 hour to 1 hour if needed until 8 doses are taken. If you do not get better within two days,  see a doctor.Shake well before using. |
1. According to the directions, what should you do before taking this medicine?
| A．Heat it on the fire. |
| B．Move the bottle quickly up and down. |
| C．Add some hot water to it. |
| D．Go and ask the doctor’s advice. |
| A．A grown-up. | B．A 10-to-14-year-old child. |
| C．A 6-to-10-year-old child | D．A 3-to-6-year-old child. |
| A．By seeing a doctor. | B．By the weight of the child. |
| C．By the time of day. | D．By the age of the child. |
| A．Change it for some better medicine. | B．See a doctor. |
| C．Stop taking it. | D．Take more. |
【推荐1】Lions are most successful at hunting animals during the darker period of the moon’s cycle. But how those prey (猎物) respond to changing threats as the night’s light changes throughout a month has been a mystery. Scientists spied on four of the lions' favorite prey species for several years. They fixed 225 cameras across an area. When animals came by, the cameras responded by taking their pictures.
The prey — wildebeests (角马), zebras, gazelles (瞪羚) and buffalo — are all plant eaters. To meet their food needs, such species must searching for food frequently, even at night. The cameras showed that these species respond to changing risks across the lunar cycle in different ways.
Common wildebeests, which make up a third of the lion’s diet, were the most sensitive to the lunar cycle. These animals appeared to set their plans for the entire night based on the moon’s change. During the darkest period of the month, they’d park themselves in a safe area. But as the nights got brighter, wildebeests were more willing to venture into places where run-ins with lions were likely.
Weighing as much as 900 kilograms, the African buffalo are a lion’s most tough prey. They also were least likely to change where and when they searched for food throughout the lunar cycle. But as nights got darker, the buffalo were more likely to form herds (兽群).
Plain zebras and gazelles also changed their evening routines with the lunar cycle. But unlike the other prey these animals reacted more directly to changing light levels across an evening. Gazelles were more active after the moon had come up. Zebras were sometimes up and about and doing things before the moon had risen.
These behaviors show the wide-reaching effects of moonlight. It offers a very clear example of how the presence or absence of the moon can have fundamental, ecosystem-level impacts.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?| A．Lions are excellent night hunters. | B．How lions hunt has always been a mystery. |
| C．Moonlight is a threat to the lion’s prey. | D．Lion’s prey likes hunting for food at night |
| A．Look for food. | B．Wander in the filed |
| C．Stay in a safe place. | D．Explore dangerous places. |
| A．They stay still at a place. | B．They troop to search food. |
| C．They ignore the lion. | D．They change places frequently. |
| A．Food. | B．Animal. |
| C．Astronomy. | D．Environment. |
【推荐2】Good health is the most valuable possession a person can have, but one can not regard good health as certain to happen. It's important to remember that our body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to stay in good shape: one should eat the right foods, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health, Your body can not function(起作用)well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Avoid foods with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein, like meat, fish, beans and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are especially important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don't overeat. It's not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, You’ll feel tired and irritable(急躁的). You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself for seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do so, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your lifespan(寿命). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shape: basketball, swimming, bicycling, gymnastics and running are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
1. According to the passage,_________.| A．we should eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly |
| B．if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep |
| C．one can eat a lot to stay in good shape |
| D．one needn’t take any exercise if he is healthy |
| A．we should eat a lot of sweets | B．one needs a large amount of fat |
| C．people should eat according to the foods’ nutrition | D．we must try to sleep now and then |
| A．can keep healthy | B．are not good for you |
| C．get you more energy | D．will keep your personality |
| A．Eating and Exercising | B．How Vitamins Work in Man's Body |
| C．How to Stay Healthy | D．Sleeping Well |
【推荐3】Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It is also the most neglected (被忽视的). Common reasons for not eating breakfast include having no time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike and dieting.
Breakfast simply means “break the fast”. Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day’s work ahead.
A good breakfast should provide 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If you don’t feel like having breakfast in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half of your dinner for breakfast in the morning.
If you still aren’t hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious (有营养的) mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.
So, you say you are on a diet. Some people fear that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That is because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not.
Not eating breakfast can also cause you overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slow state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently (有效地). If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become hungry and stuff (填饱) yourself as soon as you begin to eat.
Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right food is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals.
1. Which meal is the most neglected according to the passage?| A．Supper. | B．Breakfast. | C．Lunch. | D．Dinner. |
| A．see a doctor to have an examination | B．have a good supper |
| C．go to a restaurant to enjoy a good meal | D．have a little supper |
| A．work out of order | B．produce too much energy |
| C．work well | D．feel hungry quicker |
| A．persuades us to have a good breakfast |
| B．tells us what food isn’t suitable for breakfast |
| C．tells us what food we should have for breakfast |
| D．describes when and how we should have our breakfast |
