3 . PRACTITIONERS

Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.	James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.	Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?

A．Doing teaching jobs.	B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.	D．Being banned from medicine.

2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?

A．She wrote a book.	B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.	D．She had formal education.

3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?

A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.	B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.	D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

4 . During a pandemic (流行病), for many reasons, there are lots of poor parents who are isolated (隔离) with their kids, or roommates who are stuck together in an apartment. But what about the people who have nobody to talk to?

It is common that people feel lonely. However, during the pandemic, this situation can be much worse for experiences like long-time hospital stays or being unable to move due to poor health, disability or age.

Recently, a friendly robot named Robin got a test run in the children’s treatment center of the Wigmore Clinic in Yerevan. About as tall as an 8-year-old child, Robin’s plastic body and square head may not put you in mind of a human partner, but its face screen containing two big eyes and expressive brows (眉毛) is attractive, which can help children forget their stress for a while.

A hospital can be very stressful for anybody. And the time of treatment, and recovery might seem tiresomely long to an adult stuck in a hospital bed. For a child who can’t play with his or her friends or sometimes even family, the long course and boring atmosphere seen unbearable. That’s where Robin comes in. It can recognize facial expressions and use the mood of a talk to build personalized, natural conversations and dialogues with a lonely child in the way another child might use. Robin also plays games, tells stories, and makes children take part in various other activities.

According to Expper Technologies, the makers of Robin, during the program with Wigmore Clinic, Robin improved the experience of children in the hospital by 26 percent over those who did not have the chance to play with Robin, and reduced their stress levels by 34 percent during their hospital stay. Mary, whose son was one of those users, said, “Thanks to Robin, my son became happy every day during this pandemic. ”John Smith, a father of a five-year-old girl in the clinic, told a reporter, “Robin is a great partner. It brings big smiles to my daughter’s face. ”

1. Why does the author mention the experiences of people having difficulty moving?

A．To encourage people to fight against the pandemic bravely.

B．To call on people to care for those in need.

C．To draw people’s attention to healthy living.

D．To point out people’s loneliness during the pandemic.

2. What can we learn about robot Robin from Paragraph 4?

A．Its functions need further tests.

B．Its design is based on some children’s ideas.

C．It can cheer up children with great communication skills.

D．It is quite difficult to operate for the young patients.

3. What’s the young patients’ parents’ attitude towards the application of robot Robin?

A．Objective.	B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful.	D．Worried.

4. What could be the best title for the text?

A．Robots Have Been Used to Treat Patients in Hospital

B．Robots Have Brought Both Benefits and Challenges

C．Robot Robin Is Introduced into People’s Daily Life

D．Robot Robin Helps Make Sick Children’s Life Easier

5 . For adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), along with diet and exercise,once-daily RYBELSUs can help lower blood sugar

Wake Up to the Possibilities of Reaching Your A1C Goal

lf qualified, you may pay as little as $10 for a30-day prescription		Text RESULTS to 44535to learn more about RYBELSUS
RYBELSUS is proven to lower blood sugar and A1C	RYBELSUS may help you lose some weight		RYBELSUS does not increase the risk of major cardiovascular (CV) events such as heart attack, stroke, or death
In a 6-month study of people with an average starting A1C of 8%, the majority of people taking RYBELSUS reached an A1C of less than 7%: ·Nearly 7 out of 10 people on7 mg of RYBELSUs ·Nearly 8 out of 10 people on14 mg of RYBELSUS ·About 3 out of 10 people on a sugar pill	While not for weight loss, in the same 6-monthstudy, people with an average starting weight of 195 pounds lost up to8 pounds: * 5 pounds on 7 mg of RYBELSUS * 8 pounds on l4 mg of RYBELSUS * 3 pounds on a sugar pill While many people in medical studies lost weight, some did gain weight.		In a 6-month study looking at A1C with703 adults with T2D comparing 7 mg RYBELSUS and 14 mg RYBELSUs with a sugar pill when both were added to diet and exercise. In a cardiovascular safety study, 3183adults with T2D and a high risk of CV events were treated with either 14 mg RYBELSUS or a sugar pill in addition to their usual diabetes and CV medications.

1. Which of the following can help people with diabetes lower A1C significantly?

A．Taking 6 mg of RYBELSUS.	B．Taking 7 mg of RYBELSUS.
C．Taking 14 mg of RYBELSUS.	D．Taking a sugar pill.

2. What can we learn from the information?

A．For adults with type 2 diabetes, once-daily RYBELSUS can certainly lower blood sugar.

B．You pay as little as $10 for a 30-day prescription.

C．You can lose weight if you take RYBELSUS.

D．RYBELSUS does not raise the risk of stroke.

3. You can most probably read this from ________.

A．a comic book

B．a science fiction

C．a novel

D．a magazine

6 . Very often, we have small medical problems that aren't serious enough to require a visit to the doctor’s office. Problems, such as a sore throat or a stomachache, can often be taken care of with medicines available on drug stores. However, many people prefer to treat slight medical problems at home instead of going to a doctor. For a sore throat, it’s certainly easy to stop by a local drug store and pick up a pack of lozenges (含片). But some people prefer to make special drinks, such as warm milk with honey, or lemon juice and honey. Other people like to wash out their mouths with warm, salty water.

Stomachaches can be treated with medicines that are available at local drug stores, but many people first try drinking soda (苏打水) to settle their stomachs. Another more natural treatment is peppermint (薄荷) tea.

Besides the various cold medicines available, many people treat their colds by having a bowl of homemade chicken soup. Others like to drink hot water with lemon and honey before they go to bed.

Many books offer helpful suggestions for the treatment of small medical problems at home and provide useful information about first-aid. In case of a bee sting (蜇伤), for example, they advise that you put mud or a piece of potato directly on the sting or a little vinegar on the skin so the sting will disappear.

Modern medicine has progressed greatly in the past few years, but there are still times when it’s very convenient to rely on good old home treatment.

1. What does the underlined word “available” in the first paragraph mean?

A．Cautious.	B．Obtainable.
C．Delighted.	D．Previous.

2. What could you do to stop it when you have a sore throat according to the passage?

A．Drink warm, salty water.

B．Pick up a piece of potato.

C．Drink hot water with lemon.

D．Drink warm milk with honey.

3. What can you drink to treat your colds according to the passage?

A．Soda.	B．Peppermint tea.
C．Chicken soup.	D．A little vinegar.

4. What can we know from the passage?

A．If you feel uncomfortable, you don’t need to see a doctor.

B．Once you are ill, please see some famous doctors at once.

C．Modern medicine should be taken on time, if you are ill.

D．We can rely on good old home treatment if we aren’t seriously ill.

7 . Norwood, a junior High School student, was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, when another driver crashed into her from her left and made her car hit the tree. The impact jammed shut the driver’s side door, so Norwood climbed out the front window. Two of her friends managed to get out of the car unharmed, but her 16-year-old friend Zarria didn’t. She run back to the car only to find Zarria was just sitting there reactionless.

A lot of people started to gather around to see what was happening. Norwood started yelling, “Back up, back up, she needs space.” Norwood pulled Zarria out of the back seat, avoiding broken glass from the window. “That’s when I checked her pulse on her neck. I put my head against her chest, and I didn’t really hear nothing. So that’s when I just started doing CPR on her.” Norwood told the reporter. After the 30 compressions and two rescue breaths, Zarria regained consciousness. Ambulance quickly arrived and rushed her to the hospital to receive medical help.

When Miller, Norwood’s high school teacher, learned that Norwood saved a friend just   one day after completing CPR training, she was at a loss of words and so proud. Norwood participates in the school’s Athletic Lifestyle Management Academy (ALMA). The program prepares students for various careers in health science. “We do vital signs and they learn how to take blood pressure and check pulse.” Miller introduced. And another one of the skills learned is CPR. “There are two components, a hands-on skills component where they have to demonstrate that they’re able to do CPR well, and then there’s a written test component, showing that they remember that knowledge.”

Thanks to Norwood’s quick thinking, Zarria is recovering well. She also isn’t surprised by her friend’s actions. “She will always help any way she can, so I wasn’t really shocked about that.”

1. What happened to Norwood and her friends on their way home?

A．They lost their way.	B．They suffered a car accident.
C．They crashed into another car.	D．They were stuck in a traffic jam.

2. What did Norwood do first when finding Zarria reactionless?

A．To give her first aid.	B．To ask people for help.
C．To call ambulance at once.	D．To send her to hospital immediately.

3. What can we infer about the ALMA?

A．It normally lasts for one day.

B．It is for medical students only.

C．It focuses on both theory and practice.

D．It trains students to live a healthy lifestyle.

4. Which of the following can best describe Norwood?

A．Considerate and flexible.	B．Kind and ambitious.
C．Hardworking and clever.	D．Brave and calm.