1 . With the widespread use of smartphones, emojis(表情符号)have become a popular medium for expressing emotions and ideas. Researchers now believe these expressive symbols can play a significant role in medicine, increasing the response rate of health surveys(调查).
Scientists say that employing emojis in healthcare communications has several benefits, such as general recognition across diverse populations. So the study authors strongly support the use of emojis to bolster communication between patients and physicians.
“By promoting more effective communication between patients and care providers, as well as between physicians themselves, an emoji-based language system with a common agreement of meanings can be developed,” says Professor Kendrick Davis, who is an associate professor at the UCR School of Medicine. The professor has been working on creating an emoji-based measurement system for the past two years. And he has even conducted a study using emojis to measure health among college students.
Davis further explains that a significant part of medical communication includes surveys, which are often areas of communication breakdown. “Surveys are usually passed to patients in a variety of different stages of their care. But many surveys are explained with language that can introduce an obstacle. This is where emojis, which are friendly and widely used, come into play by replacing survey language that can be hard for some patients to understand,” he says. The authors also point out that while effective communication is important for successful treatment and care, certain health conditions such as brain injury can cause major obstacles. In such cases, emojis could be helpful.
However, Davis also acknowledges the importance of qualitative(定性的)methods. He expresses an interest in partnering researchers whose methodologies are heavily qualitative.
1. Why does the author mention the use of smartphones in paragraph 1?A.To introduce the functions of emojis. |
B.To explain why emojis develop fast. |
C.To tell us where emojis are mainly used. |
D.To show emojis have become widely used. |
A.Improve. | B.Start. | C.Predict. | D.Suggest. |
A.Emojis shouldn’t be used in letters from doctors. |
B.Physicians are poor at communicating with patients. |
C.Major obstacles can be caused by emojis sometimes. |
D.Emojis can help patients finish medical surveys better. |
Incense (香) boasts a long history,
Since the Tang and Song dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and enjoying music have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.
Moreover, medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which considers preventative healthcare as
3 . Using needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a century. The past hundred years have seen all manner of medical advances, from life-saving medicine and X-rays to mRNA vaccines and special cancer treatments. Yet the needle has stayed mostly unchanged. Although now available in a variety of different sizes, it remains a hollow (having a hole or empty space inside), pointy tube.
With luck, that may soon change. As Yichi Ma, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues outline in a review paper, researchers around the world are looking for ways to ease the pain when needles go into the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
The team got their idea from mosquitoes, which manage to get their blood meals without causing great pain to people. One reason is that the insects use painkilling chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿) the skin. But there is another reason. The point of a mosquito’s saw-like proboscis(锯齿状的喙) is softer at its tip. The insect makes the skin of its target tight before biting, and shakes its proboscis as it pushes the proboscis in. All of this helps reduce the force needed to puncture the skin.
One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China, found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less puncturing force than an ordinary one. And less force means less pain. Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (the examination of tissue taken from a living body). A paper from the University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that scientists could improve biopsies of tissue in some body organs. The lower force led to less movement of the organ itself, ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area that needed sampling.
For now, such devices remain limited to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to WHO, around 16 billion injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they suffer from a fear of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.
1. What can we infer about needles from Paragraph 1?A.Their importance has been ignored for long. |
B.They fall behind other medical innovations. |
C.Their size remains the same for over a century. |
D.They had a poor source of supply for decades. |
A.The source of scientists’ inspiration. |
B.The chemical compounds found in mosquitoes. |
C.The unique structure of a mosquito’s proboscis. |
D.The harmful effects of mosquito bites on humans. |
A.To show people’s anxiety about injections. |
B.To highlight the limitations of current needle designs. |
C.To draw attention to the dangers of too many injections. |
D.To emphasize the potential demand for improved needles. |
A.The Limitations of Current Needle Designs |
B.The Role of Needles in Traditional Chinese Medicine |
C.Enhancing Needle Technology: Lessons from Mosquitoes |
D.The Impact of Needle Innovation on Medical Advancements |
Ancient Chinese healing methods have been spreading along the Silk Road for over two millennia. But the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is reported
Currently celebrating
In Budapest, Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides a ray of hope for patients, many of
After
5 . Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.
This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.
Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The harm of common wounds. |
B.The treatment of infected wounds. |
C.The intervention on wound healing. |
D.The dilemma of infection observation. |
A.By comparing wound acidity. |
B.By detecting the DNase enzyme. |
C.By measuring the bacteria amount. |
D.By observing changes in wound color. |
A.It will cut down the length of infection-treating. |
B.It could reduce the cost of infection observation. |
C.It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely. |
D.It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds. |
A.Innovations in Wound Infection Detection |
B.Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds |
C.Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing |
D.Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment |
6 . Wisdom teeth won’t make you smarter.
Wisdom teeth often cause problems due to their late eruption and limited space in jaws. As a result, they may become impacted, meaning they are unable to fully emerge from the gums (牙龈). This impaction can give rise to various issues, including pain and crowding of nearby teeth.
Before the surgery, dentists will carefully evaluate your specific situation to determine the most appropriate approach. During the procedure, dentists will numb (麻醉) your gum to ensure minimal pain.
Here are some tips for proper healing. Leave cotton in place for about 30 minutes and hold a cold pack against your jaw to reduce pain immediately after surgery. For the following days, don’t consume hard spicy food like nuts and peppers.
A.How long does the surgery usually last? |
B.Stick to soft food or liquid diets instead. |
C.Mild saltwater is good for mouth wounds. |
D.What happens after wisdom teeth removal? |
E.They will then use tools to loosen the tooth and pull it out. |
F.They’re called that because they usually come in when you get older. |
G.To prevent or address these problems, many dentists decide on wisdom teeth removal. |
7 . Brynn Schulte nearly died two times when she was a baby. At one point she needed emergency surgery for bleeding in her brain. No one knew what was wrong. Then, a test that looked at her full genetic details found a rare bleeding disorder. Catching the disorder early saved her life. “You have this hopeless feeling when you don’t really know what’s going on,” said her father, Mike Schulte. He noted that the test made a difference in finding the cause and “getting her the right care that she needed almost immediately”.
Brynn, now 4, got the genetic testing as part of a clinical trial, the results of which were published recently in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Testing all of the details of a person’s genes is called “whole genome” testing. Whole genome tests are much better than narrowly targeted tests when it comes to finding genetic differences, called abnormalities, which can cause disease. The study found 49 percent of these abnormalities, compared to 27 percent with more commonly used tests targeting only some genetic diseases.
Whole genome tests could solve the problem of doing several narrowly targeted tests on babies, which still might not find the disorder. Experts warn there are some problems because labs vary in how they understand results. Also, whole genome tests are more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance.
But researchers hope that whole genome tests will at some point be used for millions of hospitalized babies with rare and difficult conditions. The US National Human Genome Research Institute has found that around 350 million people around the world live with rare disorders. And it found that about 80 percent of the more than 7,000 conditions are genetic.
1. How did Mike Schulte feel about the test?A.Proud. | B.Grateful. | C.Unclear. | D.Hopeless. |
A.narrowly targeted tests are easier |
B.commonly used tests take longer |
C.whole genome tests focus on babies |
D.whole genome tests are more accurate |
A.They cost a lot. |
B.The process is complex. |
C.The disorder might not be found. |
D.Their results are hard to understand. |
A.In a blog. | B.In a medical record, |
C.In a newspaper. | D.In a letter. |
TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) refers to the study of human physiology, pathology, disease diagnosis and the
TCM is often interpreted to be the medical science developed by the Han Chinese. There are many other
We people are easy targets
We can’t see and touch
However, there’s one interesting thing to notice. Some experts say
10 . Charles Richard Drew’s great invention directly contributed to saving thousands of lives during World WarⅡ, and continues to contribute to the life-saving work of the entire world of medicine later.
Born in 1904, Drew was the eldest of five children. He was intelligent and showed a talent for studies and sports from a young age. In 1922, his athletic ability earned him an athletic scholarship to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts. Drew graduated from Amherst College in 1926. In 1928 he applied to medical schools and was admitted to MeGill University in Montreal, Canada. He completed his medical degree and master’s degree in surgery in 1933.
Upon graduation, as an internship (实习生), he began to look at issues related to blood transfusions.
When he began his doctoral studies at Columbia University, with a physician named John Scudder, Drew continued his research in the field of blood transfusion. The two have jointly conducted research into blood preservation and fluid replacement, leading to the development of an experimental blood bank, which ran smoothly for seven months.
Drew’s breakthroughs in blood preservation were timely, as the World War II was raging in Europe at the time. Under Drew’s direction, his team has developed new ways to extract, preserve and transport plasma (血浆) on a large scale.
Following the success of the “Blood for Britain” program, Drew was appointed the assistant director for the US blood banking system. During this time, he built a number of mobile blood donation stations, later known as blood delivery stations.
On April 1, 1950, tragedy struck. Drew was injured in a serious car accident while on his way to a conference and died from his injuries. Many medical colleges and schools have been named after him to honor his contribution.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.Drew’s family. | B.Drew’s intelligence. |
C.Drew’s early experience. | D.Drew’s contribution. |
A.Strong-willed and ambitious. | B.Sympathetic and tough. |
C.Caring and brave. | D.Talented and committed. |
A.Because he has made great contribution to medical science. |
B.Because he alone finished the research in the field of blood transfusion. |
C.Because his contribution has changed the process of the World War Ⅱ. |
D.Because he died in a tragedy car accident on his way to conference. |
A.A documentary. | B.A novel. |
C.A science fiction. | D.A short biography. |