1 . Sharks aren't the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents, created where the ocean floor drops away, can be just as deadly. “You can get sucked down by the pressure within minutes, ” notes Marcel Jaspars. He's a chemist who once saved himself from such a current. He came across it while taking photos of a sea sponge near Indonesia, in Southeast Asia. Luckily, he inflated his dive vest in time. He was able to float to the surface and escape the potentially deadly current.
Diving has risks. But the scientists who work underwater are trained to deal with these dangers. For Jaspars, the rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks. He searches for unusual chemicals made by ocean life. Then he analyzes them for components that might serve as medicines for people.
The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms （生物体）in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. Some of the chemicals they make for survival might help people, too. More than 50 years ago, scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then, researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.
With the help of underwater robots and small submarines（潜水艇），Jaspars and other scientists are searching the seas— from the shallow to the oceans' great depths. Their goal: finding chemicals made by marine life for use in one day treating human disease.
Now Jaspars directs the Marine Biodiscovery Center. It's at the University of Aberdeen， in Scotland. There he focuses on microbes （微生物）living in very cold environments, such as the Arctic Ocean. “It's too cold and deep to dive there,” he says. So scientists on research ships pull up buckets of mud from the seafloor. Later, they send him small samples of what they've pulled up.
1. Why is Jaspars' experience mentioned in Paragraph 1?| A．To advise ways of surviving in the sea. |
| B．To explain his ability and luck in the sea. |
| C．To show the danger of deadly current to divers. |
| D．To tell us the value of his underwater adventure. |
| A．Secure. | B．Unique. |
| C．Unbearable. | D．Rewarding. |
| A．To find chemicals for new medicines. |
| B．To study all kinds of ocean creatures. |
| C．To be trained to deal with ocean dangers. |
| D．To look for new medicines for marine life. |
| A．The risks of searching the seas |
| B．Risky diving for new medicines |
| C．The most dangerous things in the sea |
| D．Jaspars, a chemist inventing medicines |
2 . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.
Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupundure，cupping and massage (针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on US.swimmer Michael Phelps' back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment.It is therefore disheartening to know that-while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture，not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs, are made into pills,powder and soup, and the kind of herbs uscd1 their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately,standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity, While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyour's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾）treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
1. The author mentions the example of Michael Phelps in order to show .| A．he was injured in his swimming. |
| B．cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. |
| C．westerners know a little about TCM. |
| D．westerners attach great importance to TCM. |
| A．Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases |
| B．Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture |
| C．Because western medicine 15 more effective |
| D．Because medicine made out or Chinese herbs develops slowly |
| A．The methods of processing herbs. |
| B．The effectiveness of prescription. |
| C．Lacking in standardization. |
| D．Its unstable functions. |
| A．medicine-making companies lack creativity. |
| B．prescriptions are got from the past. |
| C．Western companies are more experienced. |
| D．medicine-making companies lack driving force |
1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
| A．The man’s sports life. | B．The man’s medical history. |
| C．The man’s school experience. | |
| A．A football game. | B．A wild cat. | C．A traffic accident. |
| A．He is afraid of cats. | B．He left the school team at the age of 17. |
| C．Dust could make him sneeze. | |
4 . AIDS-related illnesses have killed more than 30 million people since 1981. That's half as many deaths as in World War II. And it's not over. An estimated 1.1 million Americans are among the 33 million people worldwide who are now living with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Between 1884 and 1924, somewhere near modern-day Kinshasa in West Central Africa, a hunter kills a chimpanzee. Some of the animal's blood enters the hunter's body, possibly through an open wound. The blood carries a virus harmless to the chimp but deadly to humans: HIV.
In June, 1981, the CDC publishes a report from Los Angeles of five young homosexual men with fatal or life-threatening PCP pneumonia. First cases recognized. In 1985, Rock Hudson dies of AIDS. Larry Kramer's AIDS play, "The Normal Heart." shocks New York audiences.
In 1986, for the first time, President Reagan publicly utters the word "AIDS." In 1987, Princess Diana is photographed hugging people with AIDS. Reagan makes his first speech on AIDS. Liberace dies of AIDS. Three years later, Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe dies of AIDS.
In 1988, the first World AIDS DAY is held on Dec. 1. During 1991-1992, the red ribbon is introduced as a symbol of AIDS solidarity(团结一致). But AIDS becomes the leading cause of death in U.S. men aged 25-44 and ten years later, AIDS becomes the leading cause of death worldwide for people aged 15 to 59.
In 2008, for the first time, global AIDS deaths decline. UNAIDS calculates that the global spread of AIDS peaked in 1996 at 3.5 million new infections. Deaths peaked in 2004, at 2.2 million. Yet AIDS Day 2009 brings surprising figures: 2.7 million new HIV infections and 2 million AIDS deaths in the previous year.
Researchers have discovered more than a dozen antibodies that target the HIV virus. They hope that these discoveries will lead to a vaccine that offers long-term protection against AIDS. One antibody in particular, PGT 128, is considered among the most potent and promising—preventing about 70% of viruses from infecting cells in laboratory tests.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．HIV: from monkeys to humans. | B．A hunter's killing caused HIV. |
| C．HIV is harmless to the chimpanzee. | D．HIV is deadly to humans. |
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. | D．5. |
| A．The red ribbon and the World AIDS Day are both the symbols of AIDS solidarity. |
| B．In 2008, AIDS caused most deaths since 1981 and the death began to go down. |
| C．In 1986, President Reagan used the word "AIDS" and made a speech on it. |
| D．During 2001-2002, AIDS is the leading cause of death in the world aged 15 to 59. |
| A．Pessimistic. | B．Optimistic. | C．Objective. | D．Uncertain. |
5 . China will give the green light to Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, those at a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided.
Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for some common and chronic diseases in patients' follow-up visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.
As China joins the ranks of middle-income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public.
One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review for health insurance will be applied and the one-stop settlement will be advanced. The real-time sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored, as well.
“We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decisions made.” Li said. “In recent years, top-level hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patients. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high-end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”
To solve the problem, a two-pronged (双管齐下的) approach must be taken. One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources.
The government will see to it that long-distance healthcare services cover all county-level hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that high-speed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for long-distance healthcare services.
1. According to the text, which of the following services won’t a patient enjoy online?| A．Receiving a medical operation. |
| B．Asking doctors for advice after the test. |
| C．Several doctors discussion about the disease. |
| D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance. |
| A．The expense of medical care. |
| B．The recognition of health insurance. |
| C．The improvement of people's life quality. |
| D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment. |
| A．The bills are impossible to afford. |
| B．The situations are urgent to improve. |
| C．The measures are perfectly worked out, |
| D．The hospitals are unwilling to admit patients. |
| A．Modern Hospitals |
| B．Online Healthcare on its Way |
| C．No More Burden for General People |
| D．Wide Applications of Internet Service |
