1 . PRACTITIONERS
| Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. | James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. |
| Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. | Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. |
| A．Doing teaching jobs. | B．Being hired as physicians. |
| C．Performing surgery. | D．Being banned from medicine. |
| A．She wrote a book. | B．She went through trials. |
| C．She worked as a dentist. | D．She had formal education. |
| A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. | B．Tan Yunxian. |
| C．James Barry. | D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. |
2 . You may need to give first aid. First aid is defined(下定义) as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person. The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.
Each emergency condition is different. However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.
☆ Be aware of your limitations. Do not try to do more than you are able to. Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them. Do what you can under the conditions at the time.
☆ Stay calm. Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.
☆ Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.
☆ Keep the victim lying down and do not move him or her.You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.
☆ Take necessary emergency steps.
☆ Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system（急救系统）start.
☆ Do not remove clothing unless you have to.If clothing must be removed,tear the clothes along the seams（线缝）.
☆ Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with a blanket. Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket cannot be found.
☆ Reassure the victim. Explain what is happening and that help has been called.
☆ Do not give the victim any food or fruits.
☆ Keep the bystanders away from the victim. Bystanders want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victim's condition. The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．You should help an injured person in any condition. |
| B．Don't remove the clothing of the injured person whatever happens. |
| C．It is necessary to cover the victim with a blanket. |
| D．If the injured person feels hungry, you should give him or her some food. |
| A．Because bystanders can prevent the victim from receiving first aid |
| B．Because what they say can make the victim think the condition is very bad. |
| C．Because the victim doesn't want to accept the advice of bystanders. |
| D．Because the victim hates being surrounded by bystanders. |
| A．how to save a person |
| B．what to do when an accident happens |
| C．how to call for help |
| D．how to give first aid |
