1 . Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.
Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.
It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroke person has fainted (昏倒)。Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.
Get the person to a cooler area
If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well-shaded area.
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.
If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?| A．Call for assistance from others. |
| B．Leave the sunstroke person in the shade. |
| C．Put a wet towel on the person’s face. |
| D．Help the person take some medicine. |
| A．When the body doesn’t function. |
| B．When proper care is given immediately. |
| C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long. |
| D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear. |
| A．guidebook | B．book review |
| C．medical magazine | D．official document |
2 . Getting sick is a common part of people’s lives. But their attitudes toward being sick and hospital visits vary from country to country. This difference hasn’t been more obvious since the start of the novel coronavirus epidemic — when a great number of people are falling ill all at the same time.
The conditions in the US are getting worse quickly, which is largely due to the fact that there’s no universal health-care system. According to the 2019 US Census, 28 million people are not covered or do not have adequate health insurance, meaning that they would probably avoid getting tested for the virus, for fear of the cost of being hospitalized.
‘‘There is a strong financial reason to hide symptoms, to try to keep working and caring for children, and thus, they’re spreading the virus … simply because they have no other choice.” wrote reporter James Hamblin on The Atlantic.
Germany, on the contrary, has one of the world’s best-developed public healthcare systems that covers every citizen. People in Germany — who have ‘‘high levels of job security’’, according to the Los Angeles Times — are also more likely to follow the separation measures and stay at home without having to worry about losing their jobs.
Japan also has universal public health-care, but it brings another kind of problem: People tend to seek more medical care than necessary. According to Yusuke Tsugawa, a physician at Harvard University, Japan has three times more outpatient (门诊) visits than in the US, and patients also stay in hospital for three times longer than in the US. This often wastes medical resources, which are even more critical and precious during a global pandemic.
‘‘It isn’t good to do tests just to ease public anxiety,” Kentaro Iwata, an infectious disease expert at Kobe University, Japan, told Reuters. ‘‘If they test everyone with light symptoms, the medical system will break down.”
Indeed, a country’s healthcare system is the key to keeping its people safe - it’s also the key to whether a country can survive a crisis like the novel coronavirus pandemic.
1. Why are the conditions in the US worsening rapidly?| A．All people there avoid getting tested. |
| B．Most people there don’t have health insurance. |
| C．Most people there can’t afford being hospitalized. |
| D．All people there are not covered by health-care system. |
| A．They choose to do so. | B．They don’t want to work alone. |
| C．They are concerned about money. | D．They want to stay with their children. |
| A．They have too many outpatient visits. |
| B．They waste too much time on unnecessary testing. |
| C．They spend too much money on public health-care. |
| D．They don’t make the best use of medical resources. |
| A．In her own bedroom. | B．In the office. | C．In hospital. |
1. How old is the daughter?
| A．Two years old. | B．Three years old. | C．Four years old. |
| A．She is ill. | B．She has a fever. | C．She drank some ink. |
5 . A mum saved her daughter's life with her newly learned first aid skills. Sonya Hall, 33, of Denny Avenue, Lancaster, had only just attended one first aid class the day before when she found herself needing to use the skills on her three-year-old daughter Tilly.
Sonya, who also has son Emmen, six, attended the first aid course at Lune Park Children's Centre in Lancaster. Then she was faced with every parent's worst nightmare when Tilly went blue in the face and stopped breathing. But thanks to her newly acquired skills, Sonya saved Tilly's life.
Sonya said, “Tilly was playing with her brother and they were fighting over a toy. Emmen won the fight. Tilly fell backwards and her head was hit. She was face down and shaking and at first I thought she was upset. But then I saw she was blue in the face and had stopped breathing. I reacted without thinking and immediately started using the first aid skills I had learned the day before which were so fresh in my mind. I began doing mouth-to-mouth and chest compression(胸外按压). It probably took about a minute before Tilly started breathing again, but to me it felt like a lifetime.”
After getting Tilly breathing again, Sonya called an ambulance and the doctors came. Since then, Tilly has been diagnosed with Reflex Anoxic Seizure(反射缺氧发作). Sonya said, “The seizure can happen when there's any unexpected pain, fear or fright. It's just so lucky that the day before it happened, I had been practicing first aid."
The Empowering Parents First Aid course is run by Lancashire Adult Learning. Sonya said, “I am just so glad I did the course and I learnt the first aid skills. I always feared I would not know what to do in a crisis situation, but luckily I had the knowledge and skills to deal with it.”
1. What happened to Tilly?| A．She was knocked down by her brother. |
| B．She fell on the floor and hit her head. |
| C．She was hit by a toy on the head and felt upset |
| D．She was hit by her brother and stopped breathing. |
| A．be crying | B．recognize her failure |
| C．pretend to be hurt | D．be very angry |
| A．Tilly's illness would last all her life. |
| B．Sonya was very nervous and frightened. |
| C．It was very difficult to give first aid. |
| D．It was a long time before Tilly got breathing again. |
| A．enjoyable | B．excited | C．grateful | D．awkward |
| A．Mum saves girl with first aid | B．How to practice first aid |
| C．The importance of first aid | D．Mums should attend first courses |
| A．A doctor. | B．A teacher. | C．His mother. |
7 . Medical Practices in Ancient Egypt
Learning from the Dead
To find out why people have died,today’s medical examiners perform autopsies(尸体解剖).They cut open the body and study its parts.Ancient Egyptians also performed autopsies to help understand causes of death.In addition,autopsies helped ancient Egyptians study the human body.By comparing the hearts of people who were different ages,for example,Egyptians could determine what a young,healthy heart was supposed to look like.
Keeping a Written Record
The Egyptians not only studied the human body,but they also kept detailed records of what they discovered.They wrote and drew their observations on papyrus,a form of paper.The papyrus records became the medical textbooks of that time.Their observations allowed Egyptian doctors to share their knowledge,including how to treat various diseases.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
In 1862,an American named Edwin Smith purchased a medical papyrus in Luxor,Egypt. Smith was not a medical expert,but he knew a lot about old documents.He knew that what he had found was valuable.The papyrus turned out to be an ancient textbook on surgery.The papyrus was probably written around 1600 BC,but it was based on information from a thousand years before that.The papyrus presents the information as case studies,including an analysis of how patients survived or died.
1. By performing autopsies,ancient Egyptians could____| A．determine the causes of illnesses |
| B．learn about different body parts |
| C．keep detailed records on textbooks |
| D．share what they had discovered |
| A．originally written on papyrus |
| B．an ancient medical textbook |
| C．discovered by a medical expert |
| D．written a thousand years before |
| A．a story book |
| B．a health leaflet |
| C．a medical magazine |
| D．a biology textbook |
| A．In a park. | B．In a school. | C．In a hospital. |
9 . Increasingly, Americans are becoming their own doctors, by going online to diagnose their symptoms, order home health tests or medical devices, or even self-treat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies （药店）.Some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care, especially if they lack health insurance. Or they may stay away because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight, smoking, alcohol consumption or couch potato habits. Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health, or they distrust physicians because of negative experiences in the past. But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.
Every day, more than six million Americas turn to the Internet for medical answers—most of them aren't nearly sceptical enough of what they find. A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet & American life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites. They shouldn't look up " headache," and the chances of finding reliable and complete information, free from a motivation for commercial gain, are only one in ten, reports an April 2005 Brown Medical School study. Of the 169 websites the researchers rated, only 16 are scored as "high quality.” Recent studies have found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders, causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete, inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.
The problem is that most people don't know the safe way to surf the Web. "They use a search engine like Google, get 18 trillion choices and start clicking. But that's risky, because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative (权威的)，so it's hard to know if what you’re reading is reasonable or not,” says Dr. Sarah Bass from the National Cancer Institute.
1. According to the text, an increasing number of Americans .| A．are suffering from mental disorders |
| B．turn to Internet pharmacies for help |
| C．like to play deadly games with doctors |
| D．are sceptical about surfing medical websites |
| A．They find medical devices easy to operate. |
| B．They prefer to be diagnosed online by doctors. |
| C．They are afraid to face the truth of their health. |
| D．They are afraid to misuse their health insurance. |
| A．More than 6 million Americans distrust doctors. |
| B．Only 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profit. |
| C．About 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high quality. |
| D．72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty facts. |
| A．It's cheap to self-treat your own illness. |
| B．It's embarrassing to discuss your bad habits. |
| C．It's reasonable to look up a medical website. |
| D．It's dangerous to be your own doctor. |
1. What was wrong with Mrs Jenkins?
| A．Something was wrong with her heart. |
| B．Something was wrong with her back. |
| C．Something was wrong with her foot. |
| A．He listened to Mrs Jenkins’ voice. |
| B．He listened to Mrs Jenkins’ heart. |
| C．He asked Mrs Jenkins to stop smoking. |
| A．Tea. | B．Coffee. | C．Water. |
