1 .

First aid is a simple medical treatment that gives a person who suddenly becomes ill before a doctor can be found. It’s believed that four hundred and eighty seconds after an accident can make a difference between life and death.     1     Here are some different situations where you can learn, how to give first aid.

Burns

    2     It’s the best to place burns under softly running water for about 10 minutes. Remember that don’t use ice!

Nosebleed

Ask the person to lean forward and pinch the nose for five to six minutes.     3     If so, the blood may run into the mouth.

Dog Bites

Wash the bite with plenty of water at a comfortable temperature.     4     Then, go to see the doctor at once and follow their suggestions carefully.

Chocking (窒息)

Stand behind the chocking person put your arms around his body and lean him or her forward slowly. Press his or her stomach.     5     You can also hit his back with your hand.

6 . Computers are used more and more in the hospitals. For example, patients’ ______ can be made through a computer, ______ saves a lot of time. So ______ keeping patients’ records on a computer. Another ______ is that anyone who wants information ______ a patient can get it ______ , or even at the same time ______ someone else. In the past, a doctor might ______ patients’ records away to his room and keep ______ for weeks, which could make things ______ for the rest of us! ______ , computers can often do a doctor’s work ______ than a human being can. Computers need no sleep ______ like a human being. They don’t leave ______ any important points because of being tired. They never forget anything they’ve ever been told, and they are often better at working ______ what’s wrong with a patient, ______ the best treatment to give him. Some people ______ think we should all have regular computer check on our ______ and then we would be able to cure most sicknesses in the early period ______ people will spend less time in the hospital. All these have ______ the future will be better for doctors, nurses and patients!

My relationship with needles was not very close. I only recently overcame my fear of getting my blood drawn. So when I     1    (offer) the opportunity to try acupuncture (针灸) for the first time for my anxiety and     2     (tense), I was uneasy.

Anyway, I tried out New York’s newly opened acupuncture studio, WTHN. The place is beautiful, simple but modern. My acupuncturist first inquired     3     I was looking to achieve by completing this session. Then I settled facedown onto the heated table and comfortably lay there     4    the guidance of the acupuncturist. She inserted (插入) hair – thin needles into my ankles and slowly worked her way up,     5     (hit) certain points throughout my body, until she arrived at my head. With each needle, I felt a bit of pressure, but no pain. After all needles were inserted, she explained that I was going to lie in     6     position for the next 20 – 25 minutes to let     7     (they) work magic.

The idea of needles being placed into certain parts of your body sounded like a horror film when     8     (describe) out loud for me; however, after trying acupuncture, I could tell you that it was     9     (complete) different. This approach allowed me to calm down totally     10     step away from the things that were causing me stress to focus on my health.

8 . In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat stroke(运动型中暑) or sunstroke.     1    

From ancient soldiers on the battlefield to modern warriors on the gridiron(足球球场), exertional heat stroke, has long been a serious concern. And unlike classical heat stroke, which affects people such as babies and the elderly during heat waves, exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat.     2    

So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40℃ along with signs of central nervous system disfunction such as confused behavior, or loss of consciousness.

As far as treatment goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. The human body can withstand a core temperature above 40℃ for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in.     3     After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water and monitoring vitals continuously.     4     As you wait, it’s important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive. If medical staff are available on site, cooling should continue until a core temperature of 38.9℃ is reached.

    5     As Dr. J Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859, “It strikes down its victim with his full armor on. Youth, health and strength oppose no obstacle to its power.” But don’t be frightened so much for it has been 100% survivable with proper care.

9 . The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.

Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.

The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.

Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”

10 . Have you heard of depression (抑郁)? It’s a mental illness. People who have it may feel sad all the time or do something to hurt themselves. Now, doctors can put a “happy switch” in their heads to help them.

Doctors at Shanghai Ruijing hospital helped a patient Wu Xiaotian. Wu, 31, has had depression since he was 15 years old. The doctor did an operation on Wu. They put two long lines of electrodes (电极) inside his brain. The 16 electrodes are used to let out electricity on different parts of the brain, which can change the patient’s feelings. Wu can control the “happy switch” through an app on his phone. When feeling down, Wu turns on the switch and the electrodes start working. He is soon cheered up. “It feels like there is power rising from the inside of my body,” Wu said.

The hospital has tested the switch on 26 patients since 2020. Up to now, it has helped cut down a patient’s sad feelings by 60%, said the hospital.

But is the switch safe enough? Although patients like Wu feel great using it, the operation is actually a dangerous one. And doctors are still working to improve it. Also, doctors have to make sure that patients don’t rely on it. Healthy people shouldn’t use it, or it may be like a kind of drug for them.