1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

First Aid for Burns

The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, toxins and the sun’s rays, is     1     essential part of your body and is its largest organ. So if your skin gets     2     (burn), it can be very serious. The cause of burns can be     3     (vary) things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids and so on.

Depending on the     4     (deep) of skin damage, they are called first, second or third-degree burns. First-degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of skin and it turns white     5     pressed. Second-degree burns go below the top layer of the skin,     6     (include) burns caused by hot liquids. Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue     7     it, which causes little or no pain if nerves     8     (damage).

We should do some first aid if burns happen. If the burns are slight, place burns under cool running water, which can stop the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling. If the burns are severe, remove any clothes using scissors unless it is stuck     9     the burn. If the victim is suffering     10     (bad), there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

2 . First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain.

First aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).

Despite the varieties of injuries, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym (字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:

A-Airway: is it open and clear?

B-Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

C-Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding extremely? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

1. First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT _________.

A．saving a victim’s life

B．preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse

C．relieving a victim from pain

D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury

2. Before we give first aid to a victim, it is very important for us _________.

A．to make sure what to do and what not to do

B．to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid

C．to remove the ring he/she may be wearing

D．to take him/her to a hospital at once

3. In giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all ________.

A．remove him from the accident scene	B．call for professional medical help
C．turn him over	D．examine him carefully

4. The purpose of the passage is to tell the readers ________.

A．the importance of protecting the accident scene

B．what professional medical help is

C．some basic facts about first aid

D．who can offer first aid