1 . Some people look forward to getting braces (牙箍) on their teeth, thinking they look cool. Other people avoid visiting the orthodontist (正齿医生). But anyone who benefits from the orthodontist’s trade today should be thankful for the progress this science has made over the centuries.

Remains of crooked (弯曲的) human teeth date back tens of thousands of years. Greek and Roman texts describing the treatment of irregular teeth by the application of pressure date back as far as the fifth century B. C. Archaeological evidence indicates even earlier use of orthodontic appliances, including man-made objects found in considerable burial (埋葬的) sites in ancient Italy. Another early attempt at braces may have been discovered on Egyptian mummies with recognizable metal bands around their teeth. Thus, from at least 1,000 BC, it was known that teeth move in response to pressure.

Techniques for correcting dental (牙齿的) irregularities did not advance much until the eighteenth century. French dentists led the way to building orthodontic practice on scientific foundations. The greatest contribution came from Pierre Fauchard. In 1728, Fauchard published the first general study of dentistry. In it, he described the process of straightening. He made smooth (光滑的) a crooked tooth to create space around it. Then he repositioned the tooth using a tool called a “pelican”. And he bound it to its neighbors and let it set. French and English dentists improved on Fauchard’s work through the eighteenth century. Patients of Fauchard’s treatment may have been grateful when the work was completed. While many of them faced the treatment with fear and cried during the procedures, there were many Frenchmen who flooded to Fauchard to improve their looks with dental work.

Pioneering European orthodontists introduced new techniques and instruments in the nineteenth century. By midcentury, American dentists began to take the lead in research and invention. Electricity changed the operating room completely, and the proper medicine made surgery less painful. John Farrar developed guidelines for using tools to move teeth by applying force on a regular basis.

The twentieth century saw improvement in the materials and methods of orthodontics. But the basic principles of the science were developed during the days of Fauchard.

1. What’s the public’s attitude toward Fauchard’s treatment?

A．Objective.

B．Fearful.

C．Unconcerned.

D．Positive

2. What was Americans’ contribution to orthodontics?

A．Americans relieved the pain from the treatment.

B．Americans repositioned the tooth using a “pelican”.

C．Americans introduced new techniques and instruments.

D．Americans published the first general study of dentistry.

3. What can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Straight History of Orthodontics

B．Advanced Techniques in Orthodontics

C．Thanks for the Progress in Orthodontics

D．Establishment of Professional Orthodontics

4. Where can the passage be found?

A．In an interview report.	B．In a private diary.
C．In a medical journal.	D．In a graduation essay.

2 . In the past, westerners were not familiar with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), but now it is becoming globally popular. According to a government report, TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world.

However, westerners only have a little knowledge of TCM. Their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping and massage(按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U.S. famous swimmer’s back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the centre of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.

In fact, Chinese herbs(药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 World Health Organisation member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognise Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs.

Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription(处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardised drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardisation. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardisation has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs.

Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾)treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China’s TCM industry.

However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.

1. What does the example of an American swimmer in Paragraph 2 show?

A．Westerners know a little about TCM.

B．Cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.

C．He was injured in his swimming.

D．TCM is very popular among westerners.

2. Why don’t some member countries of WHO recognise Chinese herbal medicine?

A．Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases.

B．They only approve the practice of acupuncture.

C．Western medicine is more effective.

D．Medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.

3. How does the writer feel about the future of TCM?

A．Anxious.	B．Negative.
C．Optimistic.	D．Disappointed.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．The Effectiveness of TCM.

B．The Barriers to TCM’s Development.

C．The Weakness of TCM.

D．The Future of TCM.

3 . CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术) and first aid are related topics. It could be said that first aid is the more general of the two, and training in first aid might include instructions and practice on how to respond to a variety of medical emergencies that could be causing danger to life or to a part of a person’s body. One such medical emergency could be the stopping of breathing or heartbeat, and the right response, in this case, might be to perform CPR. Thus, CPR can be seen as a type of first-aid response.

There can be differences in the amount of first-aid training people learn, and courses can sometimes be broken down into emergency and standard training. Standard training is actually the more extensive of the two, and would include teaching and learning how to handle a variety of medical situations like bites from insects or animals, broken bones, poisoning, childbirth, and care of wounds. Emergency first aid tends to be limited to the teaching of CPR, how to handle choking emergencies, and instructions on wound care for heavy bleeding.

CPR and first aid may be taught together or are sometimes taken as separate courses. People may need a whole day of practice or longer before getting CPR certification, which should be obtained from recognized agencies like the Red Cross. The big difference between CPR and first aid, in terms of taking classes, is that CPR focuses only on learning to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recognize those situations as soon as possible in which it should be performed, while first-aid classes may teach this too, but they will teach in the broader context of how people need to respond to lots of different injuries or illness.

The issue of CPR and first aid may get confusing when people are asked to get training in one or both of these. Some people may be asked to take a first-aid course and have CPR training. Those who need more extensive training in standard first aid certainly won’t satisfy this need by only taking a CPR course. Those confused about what training they need should get this issue clear with the person (usually an employer) requesting the training.

Being able to respond first in a medical emergency usually means needing to know CPR, but other knowledge could be just as necessary. For instance, how to stop uncontrollable bleeding or how to handle an episode of anaphylactic shock (过敏性休克) could be vital too.

1. What is the purpose of performing CPR?

A．To be qualified as a first-aid trainer.	B．To make a person’s heart start beating again.
C．To deal with all the medical emergencies.	D．To gain practical knowledge of first aid.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．CPR works faster when someone breaks his leg.

B．CPR includes most courses of emergency training.

C．Emergency first aid is more useful than CPR.

D．Standard training deals with more medical cases.

3. When can people get the chance to obtain CPR certification?

A．When practicing a whole day in Red Cross.

B．After saving someone with CPR.

C．After finishing the CPR training.

D．When getting instructions from recognized agencies.

4. Where is this text probably taken from?

A．A book review.	B．An academic report.
C．A health magazine.	D．A maths exam paper.

5 . 语法填空

Chris is not a traditional explorer — he usually     1    (work) in an office for a large organization. However, Chris’ job can be just     2     exciting and dangerous as an explorer’s.

Chris is a doctor from France and he works for MSF,     3     is also known as Doctors Without Borders. MSF sends its doctors all over the world     4    (help) people after a war or a disaster. The organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999.

At the moment, there are over 30,000 trained doctors taking part in MSF projects and tasks. Every year, more than 3,000 international doctors will join     5    (they) to provide medical help around the world. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be     6    (prepare) to go almost anywhere and, of course, they should expect difficult conditions.

When MSF accepts a doctor for a task, he has to devote himself     7    (entire) to work for at least six months.

When     8    (ask) why he left a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF, Chris said, “ From the experience I gain     9     great help in my career. More importantly, it is great to know at the end of each task that I have made a real     10    (different) to people’s lives.”

6 . In India, the country with the world’s second-highest number of Covid-19 cases, some hospitals have started to use robots to connect patients with their loved ones, and assist healthcare workers.

Bangalore-based Invento Robotics has designed three robots to carry out tasks including cleaning surfaces, answering patients questions and enabling video consultations (咨询) with doctors.

Of the eight the company has so far used? the most popular model is Mitra. Using facial-recognition (面部识别) technology, the robot can remember the names and faces of patients it has contacted. Mitra can travel around a hospital independently, helping patients connect with family and doctors via its cameras and a video screen.

“Mitra can be the nurse’s or doctor’s assistant, take readings and vitals, remind them of medicines,” says Balaji Viswanathan, CEO of Invento Robotics.

He says the human-like robot interacts with patients and gains their trust. “It may sound funny but we are using robots to bring humanity (Aft) to hospitals,” he tells CNN Business.

Yatharth Hospital in the city of Noida, northern India? has deployed two Mitra robots --one at its entrance to screen patients and the other in the ICU (intensive care unit).

“Inside our ICU, Mitra helps patients connect with their families through video and gives the patient’s family a look inside,” hospital director Kapil Tyagi tells CNN Business.

“Patients get happy and positive whenever the robot visits them. They are often taking photos with Mitra,” he says.

Viswanathan says Invento uses “best in class security“ for video feeds between doctors, patients and their families. For in-depth telemedicine consultations? a booth is built around the robot to give patients privacy.

1. What does the underlined phrase “carry out” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Change.

B．Judge.

C．Perform.

D．Design.

2. What can we learn from Balaji   Viswanathan’s words?

A．Mitra is very funny.

B．Mitra is quite helpful.

C．Mitra can act like humans.

D．Mitra has the latest technology.

3. How do patients feel about the human-like robots?

A．Satisfied.

B．Lost.

C．Proud.

D．Worried.

4. Which can be the best title of the text?

A．How Can Robots Help Patients in India

B．Robots Are Welcomed by Hospitals in India

C．Robots Have Brought About Changes in India

D．Robots Join in the Fight Against Covid-19 in India

7 . People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.

So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.

It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.

The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.

''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.

Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.

With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.

1. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?

A．They are quite effective.	B．They are slightly helpful.
C．They actually have no effect.	D．They still need to be improved.

2. How do antiviral drugs work?

A．By breaking up cold viruses directly.

B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.

C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.

D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.

B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.

C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.

D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.

4. What is the best title for this passage?

A．Drugs against cold viruses	B．Helpful home remedies
C．No current cure for common cold	D．Research on cold viruses

8 . 阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）和括号内单词的正确形式。

Nowadays when     1    (face) with health or nutrition (营养) questions, people     2    (probable) turn to the Internet for diagnosis. But     3    they get online may be some wrong advice and some conflicting health warnings, some of     4    are extremely dangerous! In addition, search engines show clicking rates     5    looking into popularity rather than accuracy(准确). So solid facts can not be easy to find. It is well worth    6    (check) whether the writer of an online piece of advice is qualified as an expert. After all, anyone can call themselves     7     diet expert, and even a doctor. But remember, only officially recognized practicing doctors and dietitians (营养学家) have rights to give medical     8    (suggest). So if you are unsure and still wondering if the chocolate diet really     9    (do) work or not, you’d better pay to make an appointment with your dietitians or doctor. Go to the right place,     10    you can not find the truth there waiting to be seen.

9 .

Some important dates in China’s fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020
Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020	Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions. Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan. Jan 27: The Central Steering (指导) Group arrived in Wuhan. Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.
Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020	Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level. Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing. Mar 11-17: The epidemic (流行病) peak had passed in China as a whole.
Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020	Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry. Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions. Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.
Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020	Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.

1. What happened between January 20 and February 20?

A．The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.

B．The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.

C．The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.

D．Beijing lowered its emergency response level.

2. From which date were private cars allowed to go out of Wuhan?

A．January 23.

B．March 11.

C．April 8.

D．May 7.

10 . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.

Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to   acupundure，cupping and massage (针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on US.swimmer Michael   Phelps' back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.

As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment.It is therefore disheartening to know that-while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture，not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.

Herbs, are made into pills,powder   and soup, and the kind of herbs uscd1 their quality and   quantity, and the processing of the   ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately,standardization has improved in recent decades, with an   increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.

Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription   drugs is the lack of creativity, While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyour's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾）treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.

1. The author mentions the example of Michael Phelps in order to show     .

A．he was injured in his swimming.

B．cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.

C．westerners know a little about TCM.

D．westerners attach great importance to TCM.

2. Why don't some member countries of WIIO recognize Chinese herbal medicine?

A．Because Chinese herbs can   get rid of diseases

B．Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture

C．Because western medicine 15 more effective

D．Because medicine made out or Chinese herbs develops slowly

3. Compared with Western medicine，what is the main weak point of TCM ?

A．The methods of processing herbs.

B．The effectiveness of prescription.

C．Lacking in standardization.

D．Its unstable functions.

4. The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that .

A．medicine-making companies lack creativity.

B．prescriptions are got from the past.

C．Western companies   are more experienced.

D．medicine-making companies lack driving force