1 . Five weeks ago I had total hip replacement surgery (髋关节置换手术). In Canada, we have a great healthcare system. That means we get our new hips for free.
My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor. Of course, it was free. She referred me to a surgeon, but the earliest appointment was in 10 months. That is what being free gets you. Ten months later, after some free X-rays, the surgeon told me I needed surgery, which was about an 18-month wait, for some senior citizens had been on the operation list. Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeon’s office.
Walking through the hospital, I thought about the situation. As the breadwinner of a large family, I couldn’t wait that long, so I had to get to the front line. I was fully aware of what a Canadian should be like (Canadians are usually considered gentle and ca-ring), but this time I really needed to fight for myself. At that very moment, in the shop window of the hospital, I saw a sign which read, “Volunteers Needed.” Suddenly, an idea occurred to me—I would get the job. Fortunately, they signed me up immediately because the average age of the volunteers at the shop was 75. They were desperate for some young blood.
Every Friday morning, I was at the shop. While seeing the hospital staff, I’d casually be asked, What do you do? Then I'd tell them, Well, I'm getting my hip replaced—in 18 months. It’s going to be so great when the pain stops. Soon, all the staff got to know me. Naturally, in my next appointment, the surgeon recognized me. Moments later, I had a surgery date just weeks away.
I had to say it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line. And I’m not ashamed of it, for I intend to stick with the volunteering. Also, even when I cheated the system, I did it in a way that benefits society.
1. What can we infer from the second paragraph?| A．She felt rather disappointed. |
| B．She couldn’t walk because of the pain. |
| C．She was too scared to have the surgery. |
| D．She didn’t believe what the surgeon said. |
| A．To donate blood to the hospital. |
| B．To get her new hip free of charge. |
| C．To receive some tiny gifts from others. |
| D．To approach the doctor for early surgery. |
| A．How I Got My New Hip |
| B．The Doctor Who Saved My Life |
| C．How to Be a Volunteer in Hospital |
| D．The Problem of Canada’s Healthcare System |
2 . EYLEA
Consumer Brief Summary
This summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA. It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor.
What is EYLEA?
EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF）, which can cause fluid to leak into the macula(视网膜黄斑).
What is EYLEA used for?
EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of patients with:
·Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion(RVO)
·Diabetic Macular Edema(DME)
·Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)
How is EYLEA given?
EYLEA is an injection(注射)administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules. Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.
What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?
·Eye pain
·Light sensitivity
·Increased eye redness
For more possible side effects, ask your eye doctor. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call1-800-FDA-1088.
What should I tell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?
·Infections in or around the eye
·Eye pain or redness
·Being allergic to any ingredients in EYLEA
·Being or planning to be pregnant
Where can I learn more about EYLEA?
For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information, talk to your health care provider and see the full information at EYLEA. com.
1. Who is the passage intended for?| A．Eye doctors. | B．Medicine students. |
| C．Drug researchers. | D．Patients with eye conditions. |
| A．Visit EYLEA.com. | B．Call1-800-FDA-1088. |
| C．Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch. | D．Talk to a medical professor. |
| A．A medical report. | B．An introduction to a book. |
| C．A healthcare contract. | D．A piece of medical instructions. |
3 . I grew up in a home with a mother who believes that vaccines cause brain damage, and do not contribute to the health and safety of a society. The only shot I received was for tetanus (破伤风) when I was two months old. After that, nothing.
At the beginning of each school year, I was very anxious. Delayed term paper? Mischievous (捣蛋的) behaviour? Late for school? None of them. I’d be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster’s office. The school doctor would tell me I haven’t received any of the necessary shots to attend school. But the same thing occurred each time: my mom would exempt (免除) me from the shots and nothing would happen.
After doing a lot of research, I found although people who don’t vaccinate their children make up only a relatively small group, they can cause major consequences. People who, for health or age reasons, cannot receive vaccines are at a higher risk of catching a preventable disease.
Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohio, where I live, I had to wait until I became a legal adult to make the decision to receive vaccine shots. A huge factor in taking the step to ensure my health was the message board website Reddit. Last year, I asked Reddit users for advice about what vaccines to ask for and how to go about getting them from a doctor. After my post received more than 1,000 comments, I made an appointment with my family physician. Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.
I did something every person should do. It wasn’t special in any way. Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don’t get vaccinated. This was the biggest reason I got vaccinated despite the opposition.
1. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1?| A．He was born disabled. | B．He suffered from tetanus. |
| C．He was hardly vaccinated. | D．He was spoiled by his mother. |
| A．Because he would never behave himself. |
| B．Because he couldn’t go to school on time. |
| C．Because he often forgot to do his term paper. |
| D．Because he would be called to meet headmaster. |
| A．Grateful | B．Annoyed | C．Excited | D．Guilty |
| A．Obeying the old pays off. | B．Keeping fit is the best policy. |
| C．Doing the right thing matters. | D．Following advice is beneficial. |
4 . TECFIDERA
What is TECFIDERA?
● TECFIDERA is a prescription (处方) medicine used to treat people with multiple sclerosis, a serious illness that gradually destroys your nerves, making you weak and unable to walk.
● It is not known if TECFIDERA is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.
Before taking and while you take TECFIDERA, tell your doctor if you have or have had low white blood cell counts or any other medical conditions.
Tell your doctor if you are:
● pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if TECFIDERA will harm your unborn baby.
If you become pregnant while taking TECFIDERA, talk to your doctor about joining in the TECFIDERA Pregnancy Registry. You can join in this registry by calling 1-800-456-2255. The purpose of this registry is to monitor the health of you and your baby.
● breastfeeding (母乳喂养) or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if TECFIDERA passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take TECFIDERA or breastfeed.
How should I take TECFIDERA?
● Take TECFIDERA exactly as your doctor tells you to take it.
● The recommended starting dose (剂量) is one 120 mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day for 7 days.
● The recommended dose after 7 days is one 240 mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day.
● TECFIDERA can be taken with or without food.
● Swallow TECFIDERA whole. Do not press, chew, or put capsule contents in food.
● Protect TECFIDERA from light. You can do this by storing the capsules in their original container.
Throw away opened TECFIDERA after 90 days.
What are the possible side effects of TECFIDERA?
TECFIDERA may cause serious side effects including decreases in your white blood cell count, sickness, redness, stomach pain and so on.
Redness and stomach problems are the most common reactions, especially at the start of the treatment, but they should decrease over time. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and they bother you or do not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of TECFIDERA. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1-800-FDA-1088.
1. Before taking TECFIDERA, your do NOT have to tell your doctor if you are ______.| A．under 18 years old | B．breastfeeding |
| C．expecting a baby | D．above 90 years old |
| A．Increasing the dose by 2 times every 7 days. |
| B．Never dividing the capsule by any means while taking it. |
| C．Taking it exactly as the instructions show. |
| D．Never taking it on an empty stomach. |
| A．contact FDA | B．report your doctor for prescribing the wrong medicine |
| C．have a high white blood cell count | D．have some eye problems |
5 . About aspirin:
Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.
Who can take aspirin?
Adults and children over 16 years of age.
Who should not take aspirin?
Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.
Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.
People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.
How to take aspirin:
Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.
The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour period.
You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.
How to store aspirin:
Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.
Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.
Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.
Possible side effects:
Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.
Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.
1. In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?| A．Stomachache. | B．Fever. |
| C．Breathlessness. | D．Nosebleed. |
| A．6. | B．5. | C．4. | D．3. |
| A．A hospital announcement. | B．A medical report. |
| C．A doctor’s suggestions list. | D．Medical instructions. |
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.(本题请涂在答题卡上)
(D)
A. Different types of surgery operation.
B. Room for future development.
C. Amazing advancement in today’s surgery.
D. Changes in surgery specialization.
E. Negative response from the patients.
F. The improved safety of today’s operation.
| 76.__________________ |
The need for a surgery operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an unreasonable fear of hospitals and operations. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery-cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
| 77._______________ |
In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 50 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. Even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live. However, not one surgeon is qualified to perform every type of the modern operation.
| 78.__________________ |
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910. And due to the high success rate of operations nowadays, the hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after the operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
| 79.____________________ |
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves, the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye and the lung machined to keep patients alive during long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
| 80.__________________ |
However, still large is the gap between our dream for the future and current technology. “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you, “yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.”
