【推荐1】Since the beginning of history, people have played games. Children in one country may play games that are quite different from those played anywhere else in the world. Here are some interesting games that you and your friends can try.

The Mouse Game (The Philippines)

In this game, a piece of string is attached to the player's hand. One part of the string represents the "cat" while the other part is the "mouse". The objective of the game is for the cat to catch the mouse and for the mouse to escape just in time. It teaches you to focus and move your fingers fast.

Piñata (Mexico)

A piñata is a colorful container made from papers and filled with sweets and toys. Children are blindfolded and take turns at trying to hit the piñata, which is usually suspended(悬挂）on a tree or pole. When someone breaks open the piñata, the children run to get the treats. This game improves your sense of direction.

Help (China)

Chasing games are popular all around the world. In China, one player is chosen to be the chaser and runs after the other players until someone is caught. No equipment is required to play this game, but it helps to run fast and have a loud voice for shouting.

Doorkeeper (Afghanistan)

In the villages of Afghanistan, there is no limit to the number of players who can take part in the game. A small rubber ball is all you need to play the game. It helps to have quick reactions and focus your eyes on the ball because you need to prevent the ball getting into the net.

1. Which game offers players material rewards in the end?

A．The Mouse Game.	B．Piñata.
C．Help.	D．Doorkeeper.

2. What is special about the game Help?

A．It needs no equipment.	B．It limits player numbers.
C．It trains quick reaction.	D．It requires close attention.

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To explain the game rules.	B．To recommend fun games.
C．To tell the origin of games.	D．To show the benefits of games.

【推荐3】The Chaucer Heritage Trust was founded in 1992 and aims to further interest, understanding and appreciation of the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, his life and times and influence. This year the Trust is holding The Canterbury Tales Writing Competition around the country. Students are invited to submit pieces of original writing inspired by Geoffrey Chaucer's most famous work: The Canterbury Tales.

Who Can Take Part?

The competition is open to all schools and college communities including pupils who are home educated and any other young people’s community organizations.

The three age groups are:

Junior-up to 11 years old

Intermediate-12-15 years old

Senior--16-19 years old

Competitors must include their date of birth on the entry form.

Competition Guidelines

Choose ONE of the following:

Write a poem about a journey.

Write a short story which explores an important issue through animal characters.

Write an entry for an imaginary pilgrim(朝圣), based upon a modern-day occupation. For example, “The Nurse”, “The Banker” or “The Politician”.

Word Count

The maximum word count is 500 words.

Deadlines

All entries must be submitted by 31 January 2019.

Other rules

All entries must be the original work of the student(however, rewritings of existing stories are acceptable if original in presentation and content).

The decision of the judges will be final.

How to Enter

You can submit your entry at www.chaucer:org.uk/submityourentry

Further Information

For further information please contact Dr Charles Farris at farris@chaucer org.uk

1. Why was the Trust founded?

A．To discover talented writers.

B．To seek excellent original works.

C．To hold a writing competition annually.

D．To help people learn more about Geoffrey Chaucer.

2. Which of the following could participate in the competition ?

A．A college teacher.	B．A professional writer.
C．A nine-year-old student.	D．A twenty-year-old college student.

3. What can be learned about this competition?

A．Competitors can hand in only one entry.

B．The characters in the entries must be animals.

C．The word count should be more than 500 words.

D．Competitors should email their entries to Dr.Charles Farris.

【推荐1】I grew up in a home with a mother who believes that vaccines cause brain damage, and do not contribute to the health and safety of a society. The only shot I received was for tetanus (破伤风) when I was two months old. After that, nothing.

At the beginning of each school year, I was very anxious. Delayed term paper? Mischievous (捣蛋的) behaviour? Late for school? None of them. I’d be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster’s office. The school doctor would tell me I haven’t received any of the necessary shots to attend school. But the same thing occurred each time: my mom would exempt (免除) me from the shots and nothing would happen.

After doing a lot of research, I found although people who don’t vaccinate their children make up only a relatively small group, they can cause major consequences. People who, for health or age reasons, cannot receive vaccines are at a higher risk of catching a preventable disease.

Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohio, where I live, I had to wait until I became a legal adult to make the decision to receive vaccine shots. A huge factor in taking the step to ensure my health was the message board website Reddit. Last year, I asked Reddit users for advice about what vaccines to ask for and how to go about getting them from a doctor. After my post received more than 1,000 comments, I made an appointment with my family physician. Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.

I did something every person should do. It wasn’t special in any way. Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don’t get vaccinated. This was the biggest reason I got vaccinated despite the opposition.

1. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1?

A．He was born disabled.	B．He suffered from tetanus.
C．He was hardly vaccinated.	D．He was spoiled by his mother.

2. Why did the author feel nervous at the beginning of each school year?

A．Because he would never behave himself.

B．Because he couldn’t go to school on time.

C．Because he often forgot to do his term paper.

D．Because he would be called to meet headmaster.

3. How might the author’s mother have felt about his appointment with the family physician?

A．Grateful

B．Annoyed

C．Excited

D．Guilty

4. What message does the author try to convey through his story?

A．Obeying the old pays off.	B．Keeping fit is the best policy.
C．Doing the right thing matters.	D．Following advice is beneficial.

【推荐2】Basic Steps of CPR Everyone Should Know

Do you know how to offer first aid if a person has an accident and stops breathing but there is no doctor available at hand? Applying CPR is usually helpful when emergencies such as a heart attack occurs. Read this CPR guide now so you know what to do if someone is experiencing a life-threatening (威胁生命) emergency.

Step 1. Position your hands.

Make sure the patient is lying on his back on a firm surface. Kneel beside him and place your hand on the center of the chest. Keep your arms straight, cover the first hand with the other hand and interlock (紧扣) the fingers of both hands together. Keep your fingers raised so they do not touch the patient’s chest.

Step 2.       .

Push the breastbone up and down to a depth of about 5 cm about 30 times, at a rate of 100 beats per minute.

Step 3. Give rescue breaths.

Make sure the airway is open, and pinch (捏) the nose so it closes. Gently raise the chin (下巴) upwards with two fingers of your other hand. Take a deep breath, put your mouth over the patient’s, and blow until you can see his chest, rise.Then remove your mouth from the patient’s and look along the chest, watching the chest fall. To get another breath, lift your head and breathe in deeply. Perform Step 3 again.

Step 4. Repeat chest compressions (按压) and rescue breaths.

Repeat the 30 chest compressions followed by the two breaths about five times, and then check for normal breathing. If that person is not breathing normally, continue performing CPR. If breathing restarts as normal, stay with the injured person until help arrives.

First aid is an important life skill that everyone should learn. The more people who learn CPR, the more lives can be saved in the future.

1. We should do CPR at once, when someone ________.

A．suffers an accident and stops breathing

B．is hit by a car and can’t move

C．is suffering a serious headache

D．has a serious bleeding

2. Which of the following should be put in Step 2?

A．Interlock the fingers	B．Open the airway
C．Press the chest	D．Start the breath

3. Which picture describes the underlined statement in Para. 4?

A．	B．
C．	D．

4. The author writes this passage to _______.

A．describe the dangerous experience

B．encourage people to care for others

C．show the damage of a heart attack

D．explain the steps to apply CPR

【推荐3】.
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph.   There is one extra heading which you do not need.(本题请涂在答题卡上)
(D)
A. Different types of surgery operation.
B. Room for future development.
C. Amazing advancement in today’s surgery.
D. Changes in surgery specialization.
E. Negative response from the patients.
F. The improved safety of today’s operation.

76.__________________

The need for a surgery operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a shock to the patient and his family.   Despite modern advances, most people still have an unreasonable fear of hospitals and operations.   Patients do not often believe they really need surgery-cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

77._______________

In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery.   A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time.   Today the situation is different.   Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 50 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired.   Blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced.   Even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live.   However, not one surgeon is qualified to perform every type of the modern operation.

78.__________________

       The scope of surgery has increased remarkably.   Its safety has increased too.   Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910.   And due to the high success rate of operations nowadays, the hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations.   Most patients are out of bed on the day after the operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

79.____________________

       Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible.   They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves, the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye and the lung machined to keep patients alive during long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

80.__________________

However, still large is the gap between our dream for the future and current technology.   “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future.   As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles.   In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you, “yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.”

【推荐1】A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.

The eyes are the windows to the soul. And if so, computers and robots powered by complex artificial intelligence algorithms (算法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers.

“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality,” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team follows 42 study subjects recording their eye movements, then determines their personality characteristics.

The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality characteristics , such as “neuroticism, extraversion (外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual (感知的) curiosity”, the scientists wrote.

“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines,” Loetscher said.

“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware, so they cannot adjust to non-verbal information,” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. “This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.”

The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.

1. What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Search for.	B．Concern about.
C．Stare at.	D．Understand.

2. How did the researchers conduct the research?

A．It was carried out in a lab.

B．42 subjects’ eye movements were recorded.

C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.

D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.

3. What does Tobias Loetscher mean in paragraph 6?

A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.

B．People care less about improved, personalized services.

C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom themselves to non-verbal information.

D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and robots.

4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements

B．What Human Eye Movements Are

C．Human Personality Characteristics

D．How Humans and Machines Interact

【推荐2】Life in the future will be very different from that today. Between then and now many changes will take place (发生), but what will the changes be?

The population is growing fast. There will be many people in the world and most of them will live longer than people now. Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the most important subjects at school then.

People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelling. Travelling will be much easier and cheaper. And more people will go to other countries for holidays.

Work in the future will be different too. Robots(机器人) can do dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.

1. In the future, most people will _________ than people now.

A．live shorter

B．live longer

C．get taller

D．get shorter

2. In the future, the computer will be ________.

A．much bigger and few people will use it

B．much smaller and more useful

C．smaller and not many people will use it

D．bigger and a lot of people will use it

3. The robots will ________ in the future.

A．do dangerous work	B．do all the work
C．do interesting work	D．do easy work

4. Which is the best title（标题） for the passage?

A．Life in the past	B．Changes of computers
C．Robots in the future	D．Life in the future

【推荐3】Have you always wanted to make your lifestyle more sustainable? Here are a few tips that community activists, zero-waste experts and eco-friendly shop owners recommend specifically for the pandemic (疫情) .

Start with your own mask

Still using disposable (一次性的) masks or N95s? Hoiyin Ip, an environmental activist in Orange County, suggests you transition to a cloth mask that you can wash along with the rest of your laundry. They are reusable, sustainable and generally more comfortable too.

Eat smart

You may be tired of your own cooking and eating at home. When ordering takeout, Ip suggests asking the restaurant to keep its plastic cutlery (餐具).“Before you walk away with your to-go bag, check, look into your bag to see if you have this stuff, and give it back to the restaurant,”Ip said.

Electronic waste

Once your electronic device has worn out, recycle it. Battery collections in California are down a third compared to last year, he said, because many collection spots have   closed   or reduced hours. He advises collecting old batteries in a bag and recycling them at a drop-off location near you.

Buy in bulk

Environmental advocate Monica Campagna is creatively adapting by purchasing large quantities of her essentials — like rice, pasta and cereal — and refilling a reusable container at home. While she doesn’t get rid of disposables altogether, buying in bulk avoids lots of small plastic bags, and the bigger bags can be reused.

1. Why does Hoiyin Ip suggest using cloth masks?

A．Generally, there is no need to wash.

B．You can spend little money on them.

C．They are sustainable and more comfortable.

D．They’re strong enough to reuse for a long time.

2. Which is true about“eating smart”?

A．Walk away with your to-go bag.

B．Don’t take away the restaurant’s cutlery.

C．Do your best to cook and eat at home.

D．Order takeout to avoid waste.

3. In order to make your lifestyle more sustainable, you should _______.

A．still use disposable masks or N95s

B．usually go to the restaurant to eat

C．throw old batteries into dustbins

D．purchase large quantities of your essentials

【推荐1】The HairMax LaserBand—The Ultimate Hair Loss Laser Device

HairMax, the company that revolutionized non­surgical, non­drug hair regrowth, now brings you the hand­free LaserBand, the most technologically advanced hair growth laser treatment yet.

Super­Fast Technology

The LaserBand adopts a new band design, patented hair parting teeth and an unprecedented 82 medical grade lasers. The LaserBand effectively delivers nourishing light energy to your follicles（毛囊）to regrow your hair with a super­fast treatment in as little as 90 seconds.

8 Proven Benefits

HairMax laser treatments are proven to Treat Hair Loss, Stimulate New Hair Growth, Reverse Thinning Hair, Activate Hair Follicles, Rejuvenate Aging Hair, Repair Damaged Hair, Speed Hair Growth, Strengthen and Thicken Hair.

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1. What progress has HairMax company made in hair growth laser treatment recently?

A．You don’t need to hold the device now.

B．You don’t have to take any medicine now.

C．No surgical operation is required for hair regrowth now.

D．Many other related products are available now.

2. How much should you pay at least the next time you order a laser device at hairmax. com?

A．215	B．195
C．175	D．105

3. What is the most attractive selling point of the HairMax LaserBand?

A．You can solve all of your hair problems with the device.

B．The treatment is super-fast and the effect is obvious.

C．You can have a 5-month trial of the band with money back guarantee.

D．The company offers a full collection of devices and products for choice.

【推荐2】A 67-year-old man tried to rescue his dog from a cliff in California and died tragically. Actually,he is not the only pet owner who has risked his life saving an animal. There are many equally brave pet owners whose names are on the same list.

It's a scene from a famous TV series, when at a very important moment the 67-year-old Jack ran back into the family's burning house to save his daughter's dog He later died from cardiac arrest(心脏停搏) caused by taking in too much smoke.

After all that is not real, some might think. But similar stories are not difficult to find, in which the pet owners paid the ultimate price for saving their pets.

Recently, a 61-year-old Florida man was hit by a train with his dog after running out to save it from the railway. One month earlier, a woman in California died in the flames of a wildfire while trying to rescue her dog from a car. And in Texas after a hurricane, a 25-year-old man died from an electric shock after trying to save his sister's cat from her flooded home.

There have been many studies on humans attachment to pets, and there have been results associating health benefits with caring for animals. According to those studies, owning a pet can help lower blood pressure, reduce stress and relieve anxiety or depression.

According to one survey of American Pet Products Association, about 68 percent of the US families own a pet. And of all the pet owners, about 95 percent consider their pets part of the family.

1. What happened to the old man in paragraph 1?

A．He saw a tragedy last week.

B．He climbed a cliff.

C．He lost his life as a result of saving his dog.

D．He joined a growing list of courageous pet owners in an activity.

2. Paragraph 4 is mainly developed by_______.

A．comparing

B．giving examples

C．analyzing

D．giving a definition

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A．Jack's death was a result of heat in the smoke.

B．There aren't other pet owners who choose to do the same as Jack in real life.

C．Humans shouldn't take the risk of saving their pets.

D．There is scientific evidence that having a pet is good for people's health.

【推荐3】February has long been a month of romance.With the sweet smell of roses in the air，romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.

On the 14th day，it is customary for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner，buy her flowers and chocolates，write poems，sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals!

This is the scene that greets you on Valentine's Day，named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome.When the emperor decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives，he banned marriage.

But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret.When his actions were discovered，the emperor had him put to death.

While in prison，it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard.Before his death，he wrote her a letter，which he signed “From your Valentine”， an expression that is still in use today.

Valentine died for what he believed in and so was made a Saint，as well as becoming one of history's most romantic figures.

Nowadays，Valentine's Day wins the same popularity among Chinese young people.It is a time when students “don't want to be alone” according to Gao Shunjie，a student reporter for 21st Century Teens in Jinling High School，Nanjing.Some of her classmates are planning to make Valentine's cards for parents，teachers and friends.Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart­shaped cakes.The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St Valentine.

1. Why is February a month of romance?

A．Because people will enjoy the pleasant feeling that the sweet smell roses bring them.

B．Because a lot of romantic films will be on show in February.

C．Because people can read a lot of love stories in newspapers or magazines.

D．Because Valentine's Day is on the 14th February，when many romantic things will happen.

2. The emperor banned marriage，because he        ．

A．was not satisfied with the marriage ceremonies held by priests

B．thought a single man was better than a married man as a solider

C．envied men marrying women

D．thought marriage was evil

3. If a girl receives a letter at the end of which “From your Valentine” is signed，the letter is written by        ．

A．a man also called Valentine

B．her pet called Valentine

C．her boyfriend who is also called Valentine

D．her lover

4. The purpose of the passage is to tell us        ．

A．a love story happening between Valentine and a daughter of a guard

B．the history of Valentine's Day and it wins popularity among Chinese young people

C．a priest who loved bravely facing pressure from the emperor

D．that February is a month of romance