1 . Paris Baker is a 30-year-old mother who has two daughters, Kallie, nine, and Harper, five.
One day, the three were playing at home. Harper was playing mom, feeding her mother, then her teddy bear and finally herself. Suddenly, Paris started choking on a piece of cookie. Soon, the cookie was at the back of her throat. The two girls started hitting her back at once. After about a minute of hitting her back, Kallie went to call an ambulance as she started to worry. As she did this the other girl carried on doing what she had been doing and thankfully the cookie finally came up.
Paris was diagnosed (诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND) in 2017, and was told she had five years to live. The condition will gradually paralyse (使……瘫痪) her, leaving her trapped inside her body.
Due to her condition, she’s more likely to fall and has received serious injuries. She felt it was very important to teach her girls what to do in a dangerous situation she might be in. This included applying pressure to a bleeding wound, what to do if someone is choking and how to call emergency services.
The girls know that if their dad isn’t home and an emergency happens there are three steps. Step one is to ring 999, ask for an ambulance and give their address. Step two is to put their dogs in the garden, and step three is to open the front door for the emergency services.
After the accident, Paris was so grateful that she had taught her daughters what to do in such a situation. But accidents like that can happen to anyone. So if your kid hasn’t learned first aid skills yet, it’s time to do that now.
1. How did the two girls react as their mother choked?| A．They called an ambulance at once. |
| B．They took action as soon as possible. |
| C．They were too frightened to do anything. |
| D．They tried to carry their mother somewhere else. |
| A．She wanted them to help others. |
| B．She knew she’d need their help. |
| C．She planned to make them doctors. |
| D．She was afraid of losing them in accidents. |
| A．To introduce useful first aid skills. |
| B．To explain kids’ role in stopping accidents. |
| C．To encourage the learning of first aid skills. |
| D．To tell readers what to do in an emergency. |
| A．A game puts a mother’s life at great risk |
| B．A mother teaches her daughters a life lesson |
| C．Girls learn first aid skills from their mother |
| D．Girls save their mother’s life using first aid skills |
2 . Experts hope an experimental drug can be as effective against the novel coronavirus in people as it has been on cells in a controlled lab environment.
The US drug, remdesivir(瑞德西韦), began clinical trials on patients in Wuhan, Hubei province, on Thursday. Other medications, including chloroquine, arbidol and darunavir have also recently been found capable of arresting viral growth in lab cells, but like remdesivir they require more clinical trials to confirm their safety and potency on humans.
The Phase III trials for remdesivir have been approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration and is conducted by the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences on patients at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital.
A total of 761 patients will participate in two trials-one trial to assess the drug’s potency on 308 cases with mild or moderate infection, and the other on 453 severely infected patients, Cao Bin, head of the clinical trial and vice-president of the friendship hospital, said on Wednesday.
Cao said studies have shown remdesivir is effective in inhibiting the growth of the novel coronavirus in vitro(在生物体外), meaning the procedure was done on cells in a controlled environment outside of a living organism, typically in a petri dish or test tube.
But the drug has yet to show convincing clinical evidence that it can translate its positive in vitro results into actual human patients. Hence, it will require rigorous clinical testing, Cao said.
A 35-year-old patient from the United States infected with the virus was reported seeing noticeable improvement with no obvious side effects after taking the drug, according to the New England Journal of Medicine.
Gilead Sciences, the maker of remdesivir, said in a recent statement that it has been working with government agencies on the novel coronavirus response efforts.
However, the company stressed that remdesivir is an experimental medicine that has only been used in a handful of patients on compassionate grounds, “so we do not have an appropriately robust understanding of the effect of this drug to warrant broad use at this time”.
1. Why does the US drug, remdesivir, began clinical trials?| A．To see how it takes effect. |
| B．To replace the traditional medicine. |
| C．To confirm their safety and potency on humans. |
| D．To show whether remdesivir is effective in inhibiting the growth of the novel coronavirus in vitro. |
| A．Chinese Hospital does The Phase III trials independently. |
| B．Remdesivir can cure those who are infected with the novel coronavirus. |
| C．After taking the drug, a 35-year-old patient was infected with the virus. |
| D．Doctors had seen apparent success treating a 35-year-old patient infected with the virus. |
| A．Negative. | B．Positive. | C．Critical. | D．Gloomy. |
| A．A diary. | B．A guidebook. | C．A novel. | D．A magazine. |
3 . Basic first aid is a very valuable skill to have when going on a camping trip.
Cuts. With small cuts, you need to be careful to keep the area of the wound clean to avoid getting infected. Treat the cut with first aid cream to prevent infection.
Blisters (水疱). Blisters can turn a fun walk in the woods into a terrible experience. They are an open wound and can get infected if not cared for.
Sprains. If you have got a heavy pack on your shoulders, it can be very easy to twist your ankles. Walking sticks can be a traveler’s friend.
| A．After seeing the above dangers and treatments |
| B．Wear sunglasses during the trips |
| C．If the cut has not stopped bleeding |
| D．Change your bandage and socks and keep the blistered area clean |
| E．They can help you keep balance on rough areas |
| F．Here is a brief list of less-severe injuries that you can prepare for |
| G．Some climates can be very hot during the day and very cool at night |
4 . Vaccines(疫苗) are required for entry into school in most places in the United States,the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons.
In the last few years,the rates of vaccine-preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat,some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school.Several parents thought this was unfair and charged. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.
The court made the right decision.Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots,but also on the decreased probability that anyone will come into contact with the disease. This is known as community immunity(免疫力).It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized,then there really can’t be an outbreak.And if there can’t be an outbreak,then everyone is protected.
This is important because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons.For example,small babies can’t be given all vaccines.In 1995,the chickenpox(水痘)vaccine was introduced in the United States.Over time,more and more children received it. In 2011.a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease.
The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chickenpox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced.From 2001 through 2007,the rates of death remained much lower.with just a few children dying from chickenpox nationally each year.
What’s more,from 2004 through 2007,not one child less than 1 year of age died in the United States from chickenpox,This is important because we cannot give the chickenpox vaccine to babies.In other words,all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness,but because older children were vaccinated. Therefore,people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren’t just putting themselves at risk-they’re putting everyone else in danger,too.
1. Whose benefit did the judges take into consideration?| A．School leaders’. |
| B．Students’. |
| C．Several parents’. |
| D．Unvaccinated kids’. |
| A．Requiring everyone to be immunized. |
| B．Vaccinating babies as early as possible. |
| C．Making sure enough people are vaccinate. |
| D．Separating unvaccinated people from the vaccinated. |
| A．The vaccine is safe for every kid. |
| B．No deaths have been found since 2004. |
| C．The vaccine has decreased the death rate. |
| D．The vaccine is even more effective for babies. |
| A．No vaccine,no risk. |
| B．No vaccine.no school. |
| C．Vaccination is a personal choice. |
| D．Vaccine-preventable illness is dropping. |
5 . Very often, we have small medical problems that aren’t serious enough to require a visit to the doctor’s office. Problems, such as a sore throat or a stomachache, can often be taken care of with medicines available in drug stores. However, many people prefer to treat slight medical problems at home instead of going to a doctor.
For a sore throat, it is certainly easy to stop by a local drug store and pick up a pack of lozenges (含片) .But some people prefer to make special drinks, such as warm milk with honey, or lemon juice and honey. Other people like to wash out their mouths with warm, salty water.
Stomachaches can be treated with medicines that are available at local drug stores, but many people first try drinking soda (苏打水)to settle their stomachs. Another more natural treatment is peppermint (薄荷)tea.
Besides the various cold medicines available, many people treat their colds by having a bowl of homemade chicken soup. Others like to drink hot water with lemon and honey before they go to bed.
Many books offer helpful suggestions for the treatment of small medical problems at home and provide useful information about first-aid. In case of a bee sting (蛰伤), for example, they advise that you put mud or a piece of potato directly on the sting or a little vinegar on the skin so the sting will disappear.
Modern medicine has progressed greatly in the past few years, but there are still times when it is very convenient to rely on good old home treatment.
1. The underlined word “sore” in the first paragraph probably means _______.| A．nice | B．clear | C．sweet | D．painful |
| A．chicken soup | B．a little vinegar |
| C．milk with honey | D．a bottle of soda |
| A．bad cold | B．headache | C．toothache | D．stomachache |
| A．home treatment doesn’t work when we have small medical problems. |
| B．some old home treatment is as useful as treatment in hospitals. |
| C．we have to visit a doctor when having small medical problems. |
| D．people always go to drug stores to solve small medical problems. |
6 . About five days ago, my back started tightening in the middle region. A couple of days ago, I was trapped in my bed, unable to move.
It was a wonderful experience. The room looked no different from a Western medicine examination room.
After they placed the needles, the doctor asked me how I felt. I told her I couldn’t feel any pain.
| A．The mysterious ancient healing art of acupuncture was amazing. |
| B．Chinese medicine tend to regard the patient’s symptoms as a whole. |
| C．I hated the looks from my doctor for symptoms that Western technology can’t handle perfectly. |
| D．I felt like I was in an altered state of relaxation, a different dimension, even. |
| E．The doctor told me to be patient and wait for the needles to take effect. |
| F．I sat down and discussed my symptoms with the medical student. |
| G．This actually indicated that I was responding well to the treatment. |
7 . First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available.
First aid may save a life or improve certain important signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed (未堵塞的) airway and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain.
First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In the case of the badly injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to lifelong disability.
Despite the variety of possible injuries, several suggestions should be followed if first aid applies to all emergencies.
The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if sensible, should be reassured (使安心) that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess (评估) the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as high blood pressure and heart trouble. The victim's medical card should be checked that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
One method to assess a victim’s condition is known as the ABC, which stands for:
A-Airway: Is it open and unobstructed?
B-Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C-Circulation (循环) : Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding badly?
Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
1. It is very important in first aid to________.| A．move the injured person from the scene of accident immediately |
| B．spend a few minutes making the difference between recovery and death |
| C．know what to do and what not to do according to the condition of the victim |
| D．make it clear what illness the victim has had |
| A．injures | B．signs | C．instruments | D．treatments |
| A．basic knowledge about how to give first aid |
| B．the history and skills of first aid |
| C．some knowledge to help anyone who may be injured in an accident |
| D．that first aid is dangerous to those who do not know how to do it |
8 . Hundreds of millions have rolled up their sleeves for the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they rolled up their pant legs instead? Why do we get most shots in our arms? What s the science behind why we get most vaccines in our arm? It’s worth noting that most, but not all, vaccines are given in the muscle. Some vaccines are given orally. Others arc given just beneath the skin. But why is the muscle so important, and does location matter?
There are important immune cells in muscle tissue. These immune cells recognize the antigen, a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response. Thus, muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site.
In the ease of the COVID-19 vaccine, the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes. Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine in a small area, allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work. Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels, which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, key components of our immune system, contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions in the local area. If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
Another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm. Younger children receive their vaccines in the middle part of the leg because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed. Convenience and social acceptability should also be considered. As is known, rolling up your sleeve is way easier and more preferred.
All things considered, when it comes to the flu shot and the COVID-19 vaccine, for most adults and kids, the arm is the preferred vaccination route.
1. Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site?| A．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria. | B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune response. |
| C．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells. | D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses. |
| A．Lymph vessels perform transporting function. |
| B．Lymph vessels is critical to creating antibodies. |
| C．Immune cells can automatically sound the alarm. |
| D．Immune cells give antigens to lymph vessels. |
| A．Poor blood supply. | B．Better absorption. | C．Local pain. | D．Rapid fat loss. |
| A．an advertisement | B．a journal | C．a speech | D．a novel |
9 . It might seem like something from a science fiction movie, but scientists today are working on ways to combine certain kinds of bacteria with tiny robots. Scientists want to use these creations to improve the way we give medical treatment. They claim that drug therapy (疗法), disease diagnosis, and even surgery could be greatly aided by the use of nanobiotechnology. Nano-means “tiny”, and bio-means “life”. This tiny technology will use living organisms in combination with electronics.
Electronics makers already use tiny robots to build complex but very tiny circuits. Medical scientists want to use these robots to repair patients’ damaged organs or to direct medicines to affect specific cells. For example, tiny robots could be engineered to deliver chemotherapy (化疗) directly to cancer instead of to the entire body.
Existing electronics are the right size, but they lack practical use. Robots that can be built small enough to enter a person’s cells would be too tiny to move on their own. Therefore, scientists want to use tiny organisms such as bacteria to act as vehicles for the robots. The bacteria will be “driven” through the bloodstream by magnetic pulses (磁脉冲). Once the bacteria are in the correct locations, the robots will be able to do their jobs. In theory, these robots will cause less damage to the body than traditional methods of delivering medicines or performing surgeries.
Nanobiotechnology has yet to be put into practice, but many people already have concerns about its use. Some people worry about the ethic (道德标准) involved with controlling live organisms—and the possible side effects for their human hosts.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．The application of tiny robots. | B．The influence of tiny robots. |
| C．The operation of tiny robots. | D．The origin of tiny robots. |
| A．Cheaper medicine. | B．Less harm to the body. |
| C．Longer life expectancy. | D．Faster performance of surgeries. |
| A．can locate he bacteria. | B．are driven by medicine. |
| C．can act as vehicles. | D．are carried by bacteria. |
| A．A computer textbok | B．A life magazine |
| C．A science magazine | D．A biology textbook |
10 . When your pet has an emergency，first aid is not a substitute for veterinary(兽医的) treatment.However，before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian，knowing some basic first aid can help.
Bite Wounds
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten.Wear a mask for the animal and then check the wound.Clean the wound with large amounts of saline(盐水). If these are not available，then regular water may be used.Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean.
Bleeding
Apply firm，direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding stops.Hold the pressure for at least 10 minutes.Avoid bandages that cut off circulation.
Breathing Stops
Check to see if the animal is choking(窒息) on a foreign object.If an animal is not breathing，place it on a firm surface with its left side up.Check for a heartbeat.If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing，close the animal's mouth and breathe directly into its nose—not the mouth—until the chest expands.Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute.
Burns
Wash the burn immediately with large amounts of cool，running water.Apply an ice pack for 15－20 minutes.Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin.Wrap the pack in a light towel or other cover.If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on its skin，brush them off.Water may activate some dry chemicals.
Fractures(骨折)
Symptoms include pain，inability to use a limb(腿). Wear a mask for the pet and look for bleeding.If you can control bleeding without causing more injury，then do so.Watch for signs of shock.Don't try to set the fractures by pulling the limb.Transport the pet to the veterinarian immediately，supporting the injured part as best as you can.
1. If your pet is burned by chemicals，you should .| A．wash away the chemicals with saline |
| B．put an ice pack directly on the skin |
| C．bind up the cut with a bandage |
| D．get rid of them before washing |
| A．doing pet first aid |
| B．treating sick pets |
| C．dealing with an emergency |
| D．working as a veterinarian |
| A．that is necessary |
| B．that can replace other things |
| C．that is familiar with us |
| D．that can calm people |
