1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. lowered        B. administering       C. supports       D. scientifically       E. diagnosed F. originally       G. access       H. gaps       I. expanding        J. ranging       K. balloon

Can Food Replace Medicine?

If Food is indeed medicine, then it’s time to treat it that way. In his upcoming book, Eat to Beat Diseases, Dr William Li, a heart expert, pulls together years of stored data and processes specific doses (剂量) of food that can treat diseases     1    from a mild cold to cancer. Not all doctors agree that the science supports     2    food like drugs, but he is hoping the idea will motivate more researchers to study food in ways as     3    strict as possible and generate stronger data in coming years. “We are far away from prescribing (开处方) diets to fight diseases,” he says. “And we may never get there. But we are looking to fill in the     4    that have long existed in this field with real science. This is the beginning of a better tomorrow.”

And talking about food in terms of doses might push more doctors to focus on patients' grocery lists instead. So far, several hundred people who rely on the Fresh Food Program have had their risk of serious diabetes (糖尿病) complications     5    by 40% and hospitalizations cut by 70% compared with other diabetic people in the area who lack     6    to the program. This year, on the basis of its success so far, the Fresh Food Program is doubling the number of patients it     7    .

Shicowich knows firsthand how important that will be for people like him. When he was first     8    , he lost weight and controlled his blood sugar, but he found those changes hard to maintain and soon saw his weight     9    and his blood-sugar levels skyrocket. He has become one of the program’s better-known success stories, and now works part time in the produce section of a supermarket and cooks nearly all his meals. He’s     10    his cooking skills to include fish, which he had never tried preparing before. “I know what healthy food looks like, and I know what to do with it now,” he says. “Without this program and without the support system, I will probably still be sitting on a couch with a box of biscuits.”

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.assess     B. avoided     C. check     D. comprehensive     E.discriminating     F. documented     G. initially     H.intense     I. permanently       J. regular       K. response

Health care reform is largely about everyday concerns --- making sure more people are insured and have    1     access to primary care to treat acute illnesses like the flu in proper settings, instead   of emergency rooms and helping to keep chronic illnesses such   as   diabetes   in    2    .   What   it   doesn't clearly tackle is how   the medical industry’s    3     to unexpected public   health crises and epidemics     would differ. There’s little in either the House   or   Senate   bills   that   would   result   in   more    4     surveillance of outbreaks, for instance, and there’s nothing in either bill that can prevent the criminal activity that led to two of the most alarming health stories of the past few decades.

So it's worth wondering if the current bills could have changed how some of the other big public health   crises of   the   past few   decades would   have played   out: does   having a more    5    health   care plan in place make a nation less prone to various epidemics and illnesses? We asked several experts to “run back the clock” (as one of them put it) and    6    whether reform would have made any difference or saved any lives. Most of them agreed that although it wouldn't have    7    any crises, they may have   been easier to bear. Here's a look at health crises and how they may have developed under an extensive health-care-reform plan.

Under both bills, health insurance companies will be prevented from    8    against people with pre-existing conditions or   canceling people's   insurance   because of   anything   other   than    9     fraud. Both of those provisions could have made tremendous difference in how AIDS was    10    dealt with in     the U.S., says Wendy Parmet, a professor of law at Northeastern University and a prominent lawyer who was co-counsel in the case that led the Supreme Court to apply the Americans with Disabilities Act to AIDS victims.

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

An Effective Approach to Depressive Disorder

No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health     1     who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone     2     some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.

It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking     3     in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine,     4     yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.

The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their     5     between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression     6    . Half received mindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.

During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short-and long-term goals;     7     their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.

These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with     8     activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a     9     measure as well.

At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and     10     symptoms compared to the group that did not. And   no participants had developed clinical depression.

4 . Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Cure isn’t a word normally used in the     1     of AIDS. For most of the 35 years since HIV, the virus responsible for the disease, was first identified, doctors have viewed the notion of a cure as more     2     than fact.

That’s because HIV is a virus unlike any other. It disables the very immune cells that are     3     to destroy it, carrying out the ultimate deadly ambush（埋伏）whenever the guard of immune     4     comes down, months or sometimes even years later.

Yet for the first time in the HIV epidemic that     5     affects nearly 37 million people worldwide, some experts are starting to aim for a cure cautiously. The National Institutes of Health（NIH）is funding HIV cure efforts and advocacy groups like amfAR are also     6     resources into not just treating HIV, but also finding ways to eliminate it completely.

“Absolutely HIV can be cured,”says Rowena Johnston, vice president and director of research for amfAR.“The question is how.”

Doctors today have no trouble keeping HIV under control in people who are infected, thanks to antiretroviral（ARV）drugs, which stop the virus from replicating（复制）. If it is not making more copies of itself. HIV cannot spread to infect new cells. That can     7     into healthier, longer lives for people who are HIV-positive.

Powerful as the current drug treatments are, they can’t actually     8     the body of infected cells. For self-preservation, some HIV lies latent（潜伏性的）inside certain immune cells. These are the viruses that come coaring back when people stop taking their medications.

But the latest report this month revealed the strongest evidence that these latent viruses can be activated and eliminated, at least in animals. Dr. Dan Barouch and his colleagues showed that a drug that stimulates the immune system,     9     with a powerful antibody, prevented HIV from roaring back in five of 11 animals, six months after they stopped taking ARVs.“I think our data raises the     10     that an intervention achieving a functional cure is possible,”says Barouch.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Chinese medical expert have warned that antibiotics （抗生素）are “     1     overused” in hospitals, which may cause serious side-effects for the health of an entire generation.

According to the ministry, 70 percent of Chinese inpatients have received antibiotics, while the maximum number set by the World Health Organization is 30 percent. About 97 percent of     2     patients used antibiotics but research showed that a large number of them could avoid the need if hospitals conducted proper sanitation（公共卫生）measures.

Particularly, antibiotics are overused in the     3     of children. Nearly one third of the daily 10,000 outpatients at the Beijing children’s Hospital take intravenous drips（静脉输液）that largely contain antibiotics.

“Some doctors might lack proper training on how to     4    antibiotics in a more precise way and avoid     5    risks. Some simply want to play it safe,” said Zhu Zhenggang, president of Shanghai-based Ruijin Hospital.

The ministry     6     a nationwide campaign over the past six months to     7     the use of antibiotics. Vice Health Minister Ma Xiaowei admitted that the government faces great challenges as many public hospitals have     8     supervision on prescription（处方）safety under heavy pressure from patients.

Insiders also noted that the overuse of antibiotics was partly     9    by profit-seeking pharmacy （制药）firms.

About 60 percent of the newly     10     medicines by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) last year were antibiotics. According to the SFDA, the country reported 690,000 cases of adverse drug reactions caused by abuse of medicine, including 600 deaths in 2010.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. clinician　　　 B. concerned　　　 C. course 　　　D. engaging 　　　E. innovation　　　 F. manage G. reassure 　　　H. safe　　　 I. scare　　　 J. unfortunately　　　 K. unsurprisingly

Virtual reality cured my fear of heights

Fay Nugent, who developed a fear of heights in her 30s, heard about a phobia therapy trial taking place in Oxford University. She applied and was invited to join in. But,     1     she was placed in the control group rather than the treatment one that would try out the new     2    a virtual reality (VR) program for acrophobia (the medical term for a fear of heights).

The ones in the treatment group--44 in all---were given five or six 30-minute sessions (时间段）of the VR treatment over the     3     of two weeks.

The results, which are being published by The Lancet Psychiatry, were significant. About 70% of the VR group no longer had a fear of heights, while,     4     , all of the people in the control group, who received no treatment, still did.

Fay has now had the same therapy herself. “Once the trial was finished, they offered it to me and I am so pleased that I said yes,” she says. “Heights don’t     5    me now.”

The VR simulator（模拟器）made people feel like being in a safe situation where they can learn to     6     their fear. The user wears a VR headset and is asked to work their way up a 10-storey building and complete some tasks, such as looking down over a high rock and throwing balls off it.

Lead researcher Prof Daniel Freeman said: “We wanted tasks that would be fun and     7     and most importantly make the person look down to face their fear. It had to be something that would teach them to feel     8     with heights.”

The therapy is also delivered by virtual coaches who     9     and guide the users along the way. Prof Freeman said some patients might prefer this to face-to-face therapy with a(n)     10    .