The virus “Ebola” is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. That’s
The deadliest Ebola outbreak is spreading fast in Western Africa, taking over 900
There are several promising drugs and vaccines (疫苗) in
1. What was wrong with Tom?
| A．He was hit by a taxi. |
| B．He hurt his head. |
| C．He fell ill with heart trouble. |
| A．She called the doctor. |
| B．She checked Tom carefully. |
| C．She took Tom to the hospital. |
3 . At the White Coat Ceremony, first-year medical students received their medical jackets and swore, marking a transition into the world of medicine. This historic ceremony was especially moving as it meant a new era of inclusion of Native Americans entering medicine.
On July 31, 2020, 54 future doctors were welcomed to the College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, the first ever tribally affiliated (部落附属的) medical school in the US. Within this first Class of 2024, 20 percent are of Native American heritage, while 40 percent come from rural communities.
The Cherokee Nation paid $40 million for the construction of the medical school, a modern 84,000-square-foot facility. Construction on the site is expected to be completed this year. The campus officially sits on Cherokee tribal land, but four other tribal nations agreed to share the burden of supporting the new institution. The five native nations have promised to provide financial backing for scholarships, as well as allowing students to make use of tribal clinics for clinical rotations (换班).
Student Ashton Glover-Gatewood, a member of the Choctaw Nation and first year medical student said, “Being able to practice within Indian Health Service allows me to serve a great need in my own native community. Not only is a trusting relationship promoted by patients having access to medical doctors who look like them, but also higher quality of health care delivery can be enjoyed by both patients and physicians.”
As the first ever tribally affiliated medical school, the program aims to shape future doctors to work with communities who have lacked medical care and resources. By focusing on community-based, holistic (整体的) frameworks, it is clear that the school is well on the way to training medical professionals who can fulfill that mission.
Having a focus on giving back and cultural sensitivity, the Class of 2024 put on their white coats with a vision to make a positive impact.
1. Where do scholarships come from?| A．Native American heritage. | B．Incomes of tribal clinics. |
| C．The five native nations. | D．Cherokee tribal land. |
| A．The urgency of developing good relationship. |
| B．The toughness for patients to access medical doctors. |
| C．The advantages of training medical students like him. |
| D．The importance of higher quality of health care delivery. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Approving. | C．Objective. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．The White Coat Ceremony Matters a Lot to Natives |
| B．Native Americans Entering Medicine Is Significant |
| C．54 Students Enter the College of Osteopathic Medicine |
| D．First Tribally Affiliated Medical School Opens in the US |
| A．In the school. | B．In the hospital. | C．In the library. |
1. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
| A．Husband and wife. | B．Doctor and patient. | C．Teacher and student. |
| A．She is getting a cold. |
| B．She has a stomachache. |
| C．She is suffering from sleeping problems. |
| A．Because he wants to see the doctor himself. |
| B．Because he wants to accompany the woman to see the doctor. |
| C．Because he wants to accompany his colleague to see the doctor. |
6 . For the first time, the World Health Organization has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical compendium (汇编),according to an international science journal.
An article published by Nature said that TCM had been included in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) released last year. Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been revised and published in a series of editions, reflecting the advances in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.
The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project’s experts from around the world, who had been working on traditional medicine research and practices for years.
China has been promoting the modernisation of TCM and pushing for TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.
While the use of herbal medicines, acupuncture (针刺疗法) and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there’s still a shortage of global classification and terminology (术语) tools for traditional medicine now, according to officials of the WHO.
“The decision is to promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products,practitioners and practice into health systems,where appropriate,”the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.
1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?| A．It will include TCM this year. |
| B．It has a history of over 200 years. |
| C．It is published in various languages. |
| D．It provides therapies for diseases worldwide. |
| A．To imply the worldwide popularity of TCM. |
| B．To prove TCM’s gaining worldwide acceptance. |
| C．To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field |
| D．To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize for their contribution. |
| A．The classification of TCM. |
| B．The standard of TCM terms. |
| C．The official promotion of TCM. |
| D．The use of traditional Chinese medicine. |
| A．Lifestyle. | B．Opinion. |
| C．Health. | D．Technology. |
7 . In the 12th century, physician Ibn Zuhr conducted some animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applied to humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because they reduce the level of error and negative side effects. Some argue that animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research. They serve as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally harmed.
However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, considering it as inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human beings and therefore are poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe. Animal tests on the arthritis (关节炎) drug Vioxx showed it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause about 27,000 heart attacks before being pulled back from the market.
It’s safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the concerns need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1. Why is animal testing considered necessary?| A．Rats are more similar to humans than monkeys. |
| B．Other testing alternatives may not replace animals. |
| C．Animal testing can show every side effect of drugs. |
| D．Animal testing has been in practice since the 12th century. |
| A．Eating poisonous food. | B．Being killed deliberately. |
| C．Breathing in polluted air. | D．Having unnecessary operations. |
| A．animal testing helps find the cure for arthritis |
| B．some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market |
| C．animals cannot necessarily produce accurate results |
| D．a drug should be tested many more times before its release |
| A．Scientists should reduce the number of animals used in research. |
| B．Experts should try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful. |
| C．Relevant organizations should show more concern about the animals’ welfare. |
| D．The authorities should issue new laws to guarantee animals’ rights during research. |
8 . Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.
Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.
It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroke person has fainted (昏倒)。Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.
Get the person to a cooler area
If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well-shaded area.
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.
If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?| A．Call for assistance from others. |
| B．Leave the sunstroke person in the shade. |
| C．Put a wet towel on the person’s face. |
| D．Help the person take some medicine. |
| A．When the body doesn’t function. |
| B．When proper care is given immediately. |
| C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long. |
| D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear. |
| A．guidebook | B．book review |
| C．medical magazine | D．official document |
1. Where is the speaker now?
| A．In a hospital. | B．In a college. | C．In a pet school. |
| A．It cures the patients. | B．It makes patients feel better. | C．It helps do a lot of things. |
| A．Play with patients and their children. |
| B．Accompany patients to their hospital rooms. |
| C．Be familiar with the hospital and pick up things. |
10 . About 600,000 people die of heart attacks at home each year. And the survival rate (存活率) of out-of-hospital heart attacks is much lower than those that happen at the in-hospital setting.
Pumpstart, a program created by students at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) which is meant to teach hands-only CPR (心脏复苏术) to the general public, is effective in both teaching high school students a life-saving skill and providing medical students with a chance to take part in public health and medical education after several surveys.
High school students in the Boston area who joined in the Pumpstart program completed pre-/post surveys. The pre-surveys were carried out before they watched a 60-minute training session (培训课程) on hands-only CPR. And the post surveys were done after the training session. Medical students also completed surveys judging their comfort in learning CPR both before and after they took part in the program. The high school students reported huge improvements in CPR skills following their training from Pumpstart. And it was reported that the medical students had higher confidence levels regarding their abilities to answer questions about CPR and helping new medical students to better understand the training sessions after they joined in Pumpstart.
“Getting the general public to feel comfortable performing CPR is important to overall improved survival from heart attacks,” explained Anita Knopov, a fourth-year medical student at BUSM. “Using educational resources provided by the city medical center and offering training to inner-city high school students allow medical students to serve as both educators and experienced people in CPR within the community, while making high school students interested in the healthcare field (医疗领域). That’s what Pumpstart does.”
Knopov believes Pumpstart can serve as a model for other organizations and can have a long-term (长期的) public health influence as the bystander CPR continues to be one of the most useful factors in out-of-hospital (医院之外) heart attack survival. “Although Pumpstart is offered only in Boston, we hope that our work may stimulate the development of similar programs in other areas. And in that case we can use lots of new ‘Pumpstarts’ in other regions.”
1. What is the main purpose of Pumpstart?| A．To change people’s lifestyle. |
| B．To train students to be healthy |
| C．To improve CPR skills of the public. |
| D．To provide medical care for communities. |
| A．Pumpstart improves students self-confidence |
| B．Pumpstart performs CPR for people independently. |
| C．Pumpstart obviously reduces the risk of heart attacks |
| D．Pumpstart encourages students to work in the healthcare field |
| A．Pretty useful. | B．Widely popular |
| C．Partly confusing. | D．Fairly interesting |
| A．Check | B．Prevent |
| C．Encourage | D．Slow |
