1 . Phototherapy （光线疗法）is a type of medical treatment that includes exposure to light bulbs or other sources of light to treat certain medical conditions. There are different types of phototherapy and various techniques.    1    

Phototherapy has been used to treat medical conditions since as far back as 3,500 years ago when the Egyptians and Indians used sunlight to treat skin conditions.    2     Widely regarded as the founder of modern phototherapy , he treated a skin condition called lupus vulgaris with sunlight and ultraviolet （紫外线）radiation. From then on, usage of phototherapy in medical fields grew, techniques were refined and developed, and it eventually gained widespread acceptance.

    3     This means it's not a permanent treatment and you may have to receive many follow-up treatments—also known as maintenance therapy—of it over your lifetime to maintain （维持）the results.

When used for skin conditions, phototherapy is generally considered safe.     4    Also there are some long-term side effects associated with it, the most serious of which are skin cancer and premature skin aging.

    5     However, you should consult with your doctor before you attempt to use it at home to ensure you're using it right, getting the most benefits with the least side effects.

A．phototherapy also has its limitations and shortcomings.

B．In this case, you are advised to stop using it immediately.

C．Phototherapy is a great choice for treating many conditions.

D．Which type to use depends on the condition that is being treated.

E．The effects of phototherapy for skin disorders are usually temporary.

F．However, short-term side effects are redness, dry skin and blisters （疱）.

G．Modern phototherapy, using artificial light sources, began with Niels Ryberg Finsen.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I saw a TV news programme focusing on the worldwide spread of Aids last night. The reporter was doing a story about a small child     1     had caught HIV from his mother’s breast milk. From the child’s outward     2    (appear), he looked very healthy.     3    , within a year the child developed Aids, and soon died. His story was so sad that I could not keep myself from weeping.

Before last night, I     4    (think) Aids was just a problem in Africa, but there are people with HIV and Aids in every country of the world. The Aids problem is also     5    (worry) in China, and the country is trying     6     (prevent) its spread. The government has opened labs in a bid to monitor the disease. It also provides free drugs     7     people in need.     8     is fortunate that many new medicines have burst on the scene to help fight Aids.

Aids prevention education is very important, and I think we all have to do something to support it. If everyone in the world     9    (spend) just a penny on it, we could make .    10     really big difference!

3 . Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma (沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases.

All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation (环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base.

We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically.

For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape.

Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight.

1. What was the greatest concern of Bushin?

A．The possible loss of her eyesight.

B．The slim chance of getting rid of poverty.

C．The potential inability to support her family.

D．The deliberate neglect of her by her parents.

2. What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A．Caught.

B．Removed.

C．Tracked.

D．Analyzed.

3. In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs?

A．Critical.

B．Regretful.

C．Humorous.

D．Positive.

4. What can we infer from the text?

A．NTDs could be cured earlier than expected.

B．Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected.

C．Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue.

D．International cooperation is a must for treating a disease.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is Penny’s current problem?

A．She has a toothache.

B．She has a sore throat.

C．She has an earache.

2. How often will Penny take the medicine?

A．Once a day.

B．Twice a day.

C．Three times a day.

3. When does the conversation take place?

A．On Monday.

B．On Tuesday.

C．On Thursday.

4. What does the man ask Penny to do in the end?

A．Make an appointment.

B．Go to the medicine shop.

C．Take the medicine properly.

5 . The best hope for ending the COVID19 pandemic is a vaccine. There is no shortage of candidates. The World Health Organization is tracking 34 in various stages of development. How well they will work though, is another matter. On September 9th Astra Zeneca, a drug firm, announced it was pausing its trials after a participant fell ill. Such pauses are common in vaccine development, a discipline in which effort does not always bring reward. In 1987 the first trial of an HIV vaccine began in Maryland. Three decades later, the cupboard remains bare.

The news about COVID-19 in two new papers is more encouraging. The first written by a team of scientists at deCODE genetics, an Icelandic company, and published in the New England Journal of Medicine, reports antibody levels in 1,200 Icelanders who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and recovered. More than 90% tested positive for antibodies twice — once immediately post infected and again four months later. People who had suffered more serious disease, such as those who had been hospitalized, developed higher levels of antibodies. So did men and older people, both of whom are at greater risk of more severe illness.

The four-month lifespan is cheering for two reasons. Antibodies that hang around are more likely to offer immunity. That means a vaccine that provokes (驱使；刺激) their production should provide reasonably long-lasting protection. They are also easier to find.

In the second study, scientists led by Tao Dong, an immunologist at the Medical Research Council (MRC), in Britain, went hunting for T-cells. These get less press than antibodies, but play an equally vital role in battling infections and securing long-term protection. Their importance is vividly demonstrated by HIV, which targets and kills them.

Al Edwards, an immunologist turned biochemical engineer at the University of Reading who was not involved with either paper, is cautiously optimistic. The immune response to the disease seems to be working roughly as expected, he says. If that continues, then vaccines developed to trigger long-lasting immunity should work at least in theory.

In practice, it is still too early to celebrate. Dr. Edwards warns that immunology has never been a predictive science. There is no test that can show definitively that a vaccine will work short of actually trying it in the real world.

1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．Scientists have made great achievements in HIV vaccine.

B．The vaccine is the only way of ending the COVID-19 pandemic.

C．The COVID-19 is bound to be developed by a drug firm in no time.

D．While many people work on the vaccine, it is hard to develop a vaccine successfully.

2. Which of the following statements is most probably a logical judgement to the passage?

A．Antibodies that hang around can offer immunity.

B．A vaccine will not work short of actually trying it in the real world.

C．The higher levels of antibodies are, the more serious disease people will suffer.

D．T-cells are less important than antibodies in battling infections and securing protections.

3. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 4?

A．T-cells	B．HIV
C．Antibodies	D．Long-term protection

4. What is AI Edwards’ attitude towards he vaccine?

A．Negative	B．Indifferent
C．Disapproval	D．Cautious

6 . The great 18th-century author Montesquieu once put it, “I have never known any stress that an hour’s reading does not reduce." And now many argue for a return to this view of literature as therapy, even using the word “bibliotherapy"（阅读疗法）to describe it.

So what does literature provide, beyond entertainment? It can act as a guide.Those who show great respect for Shakespeare, Milton or Proust should keep in mind that even the most famous author was still a human being.In other words, great writers have been through the same things as you.Like you, they found themselves in this strange world and they tried to make sense of it.And this is what most literature consists of: people trying to make sense of the world.

No matter what your fears or concerns may be, chances are some great writer has written about them.Before seeking （寻求）suggestions, cither from a professional or a well-read friend, be clear about what is troubling you.For example, let's say you were raised in a religious （信仰宗教的）family but now, in later life, have lost your faith （信仰）.This is painful to you and you feel empty and alone.Countless writers have gone down this path before you and have found a way out — the German poet and novelist Hermann Hesse, for example, wrote the wonderful little novel Siddartha about this search for spiritual peace.

It would also help to consider your particular life stage.Someone from a poor background about to set off for a great college will want a different set of reading from a retired woman whose husband has died.To take another example, let's imagine you had a childhood of abuse （虐待）.For years you have suffered from depression.In that case, you could try Edward St Aubyn's The Patrick Melrose Novels.St Aubyn's father abused him, while his mother escaped into drink, but Aubyn wrote a series of splendid novels based on his life, charting a man's journey through the hard situation of abuse and out the other end.

1. Why does the author quote Montesquieu?

A．To stress the effect of bibliotherapy.	B．To explain what bibliotherapy means.
C．To tell us when bibliotherapy came into being.	D．To argue for the use of literature as therapy.

2. What should you do before seeking suggestions on your book list?

A．Find out which writer has written about your problem.

B．Know what authors have gone through.

C．Find out how to seek spiritual peace.

D．Know what your trouble is.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?.

A．Aubyn's novels suit people who have retired.

B．Aubyn's novels are mainly read by young readers.

C．People should choose novels according to their interest.

D．People of different ages need different works of literature.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．What novels best suit you.	B．A form of therapy: literature.
C．The great influence of literature.	D．The experiences of great writers.

7 . Historically, human beings have had a deep relationship with the horse, not just as a partner in our labors, but as an inspiration in art, mythology, music and poetry. In fact, our use of the horse as a work animal may be the most obvious yet least interesting aspect of the lasting bond that we have shared with this fascinating animal.

The therapeutic value of riding was documented as early as 600 B.C. by Orbasis of ancient Lydia. It wasn’t until 1875, however, that the first systematic study of therapeutic riding was reported. After prescribing pony riding as a treatment for a variety of conditions, French physician Chassaign concluded that riding was helpful in the treatment of certain types of neurological paralysis. He noted improvement in posture, balance and joint movement, and a striking increase in morale.

In 1946, following two outbreaks of polio, riding therapy was introduced in Scandinavia. This movement was led by Liz Hartel, an accomplished horsewoman who was stricken with it. After surgery and physical therapy allowed her to walk with crutches, Hartel was determined to ride independently again. Daily riding sessions brought back her muscle strength. In 1952, she won the Olympic silver medal for dressage.

Presently, more than 600 therapeutic riding programs are member centers of the North American Riding for the Handicapped Association (NARHA), located in Denver. Founded in 1969, NARHA establishes professional guidelines, safety standards, and instructor and therapist training and certification for the growing field of equine-assisted activities (EAA) and -therapies (EAT).

For individuals with physical or psychological disabilities, therapeutic riding can prove beneficial in several ways. They may experience increased strength and balance, improved body awareness, and increased self-confidence. The positive relationship that develops between a rider and her horse and therapeutic team presents opportunities for the development of trust and social growth.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about therapeutic riding?

A．It was first experimented in France.

B．Chassaign was the first to study it systematically.

C．The first record of it dates from 2,500 years ago.

D．It was the least interesting aspect of the horse-and-human bond.

2. Which of the following words can be used to describe Liz Hartel?

A．Careful.

B．Smart.

C．Self-confident.

D．Strong-minded.

3. Paragraph 4 is mainly about .

A．the general information on NARHA	B．the reason for setting up NARHA
C．the basic principles of NARHA	D．the final aim of NARHA

4. What does the author want to tell us?

A．It’s easy to train horses.	B．It’s important to learn riding.
C．Horses are friendly to humans.	D．Horses are humans’ great helpers.

8 . It is not just doctors and nurses that work at Children' s National Hospital in Michigan. There are also two furry friends on the staff.    1    

Their main responsibility is to comfort the young patients at the hospital. Their work called animal-assisted therapy.     2    Research shows that animal therapy can lower stress and anxiety levels, increase patient mobility, and provide an alternative focus from pain.

Facility dogs are expertly trained dogs who partner with a facilitator working in a health care, visitation or education setting. They would visit kids for a hug or paw shake. More than just dogs can be animal therapists.    3     They are kids favorites to comfort patients and families through bedside visits, as well as motivating and assisting during certain types of therapy and rehabilitation(修复).

    4    Therapaws of Michigan uses a strict screening agreement to ensure the selection of well-mannered dogs of sound temper and good health. Under the supervision of trained volunteers, these special animals visit patients in a variety of settings: in their inpatient rooms; in waiting rooms and in other settings considered appropriate by hospital staff. Then they were specifically matched to patients based on needs and types.

This year, for safety reasons, the hospital had to pause the animal therapy program. But Allison Proctor still runs her program.    5    Even special requests for dog visits outside regularly schedule can be accommodated as long as her team is available.

A．The program focuses on a medical goal

B．Small horses would sometimes hang out

C．Each has an important job as a facility dog

D．It is known to have many positive effects on patients

E．These animals usually have to go through special training

F．Each team had one dog, plus one human in charge of the dog

G．Her commitment to the treatment with the human-animal bond never stops

9 . Genetic testing offers people insight into the types of diseases they are most likely to develop — but a new study suggests most people do not alter their lifestyles based on this information. These tests — known as genome sequencing — analyze a person's DNA, telling patients about their known risk for diseases like cancer or diabetes. But being told you’re at a higher risk for lung cancer doesn’t seem to motivate anyone to quit smoking or alcohol, this study suggests. Because of this, the scholars argue that genetic testing should be banned as a tool for improving people's health.

Today’s finding came from pulling data from 18 other studies that followed people after they received the results of genetic tests. Receiving information about genetic risks didn’t inspire people to eat differently, exercise more, or stop smoking, "Expectations have been high that giving people information about their genetic risk will empower them to change their behavior, but we have found no evidence that this is the case," study author Theresa Marteau, director of behavior and health research said in a press release.

Genetic testing, which the National Institutes of Health says costs anywhere from $100 to $2,000, has become much more accessible as commercial testing companies such as 23andMe and Sure Genomics have sprung up. These companies are not allowed to share disease risk estimates with consumers thanks to the Food and Drug Administration. However, today’s study didn’t specify whether the genetic testing were purely from academic sequencing, or if any of these companies had had a role in supplying the data.

Genetic testing doesn’t get people to change their behavior for the better, but it doesn't have any known negative effects either. Knowing the results of these tests didn't change people's depression or anxiety levels. And there's no indication that testing inspires people to pick up risky or dangerous health habits either, the study found.

Actually a genetic predisposition to a certain disease is common among people.   Some people are born weak in heart. Some are innately vulnerable in digestive system. But these most common risk factors usually don't raise a person's chances of getting the disease by a significant amount. It's possible that some of the patients in the study had substantially high disease risks based on their DNA profile, but those patients tend to be rather rare. "It’s still likely that communicating this type of information is very valuable to some people, but it’s just that there aren’t that many of those people," Zikmund-Fisher from the University of Michigan said. "The idea that providing genetic risk information is going to be transformative to everyone seems unlikely."

1. Why did some experts suggest stopping genetic testing?

A．Genome sequencing aren’t accurate in detecting certain disease risks.

B．Genetic testing results fail to encourage people to remove bad habits.

C．Genetic testing does neither good nor harm to people’s behaviorial improvement.

D．Genetic testing results are offered by commercial testing companies.

2. The underlined word predisposition to in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A．testing on

B．prediction about

C．sensitivity to

D．insight into

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Theresa Marteau believes genetic testing helps to change people’s behaviors.

B．Sure Genomics is forbidden to deliver illness risk expectations to patients.

C．Genetic testing results are totally coming from academic sequencing.

D．Genetic testing results in a way worsen the patients’ moods and emotions.

4. It’s said that people’s unconcerned response to genetic testing doesn’t cause much harm because ______.

A．getting rid of bad life habits doesn’t do much good to people’s health

B．almost all people have certain disease risks based on genetic testing

C．providing genetic risk information interferes with the medical treatment

D．genetic testing shows few people are at a high risk of getting certain diseases

10 . 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How old is the daughter?

A．Two years old.

B．Three years old.

C．Four years old.

2. What’s the matter with her?

A．She is ill.

B．She has a fever.

C．She drank some ink.