The virus “Ebola” is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. That’s
The deadliest Ebola outbreak is spreading fast in Western Africa, taking over 900
There are several promising drugs and vaccines (疫苗) in
1. What was wrong with Tom?
| A．He was hit by a taxi. |
| B．He hurt his head. |
| C．He fell ill with heart trouble. |
| A．She called the doctor. |
| B．She checked Tom carefully. |
| C．She took Tom to the hospital. |
3 . In the 12th century, physician Ibn Zuhr conducted some animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applied to humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because they reduce the level of error and negative side effects. Some argue that animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research. They serve as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally harmed.
However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, considering it as inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human beings and therefore are poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe. Animal tests on the arthritis (关节炎) drug Vioxx showed it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause about 27,000 heart attacks before being pulled back from the market.
It’s safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the concerns need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1. Why is animal testing considered necessary?| A．Rats are more similar to humans than monkeys. |
| B．Other testing alternatives may not replace animals. |
| C．Animal testing can show every side effect of drugs. |
| D．Animal testing has been in practice since the 12th century. |
| A．Eating poisonous food. | B．Being killed deliberately. |
| C．Breathing in polluted air. | D．Having unnecessary operations. |
| A．animal testing helps find the cure for arthritis |
| B．some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market |
| C．animals cannot necessarily produce accurate results |
| D．a drug should be tested many more times before its release |
| A．Scientists should reduce the number of animals used in research. |
| B．Experts should try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful. |
| C．Relevant organizations should show more concern about the animals’ welfare. |
| D．The authorities should issue new laws to guarantee animals’ rights during research. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr. Liu Weihai is making good progress. Although his hand is weak, but he can now feel hot and cold. The operation was doing in Zhongshan Hospital andlasted for four hours. During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached.
Liu Weihai is attacked by a wild animal three months ago while leading a group of tourists in the mountains, but lost his left hand. The members of Liu’s group quick took him to a nearest hospital. He was later flown to a hospital in Guanzhou for an operation.
Mr Liu’s doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him. It will be hard for Liu weihai, but it is expected which in the next few months his body will accept the hand as his own without any disability. During this period, various methods will be applied to help the patient’s hand get strong, according the doctor.
“I’m very grateful to his doctor. I feel hopeful that I’ll fully recovery the use of my hand in the near future,” said Mr Liu.
| A．A teacher. | B．A doctor. | C．A driver. |
内容包括：中医药概况（历史悠久，疗效好），特别是中医药相对西药的突出优点（如价格便宜，副作用小）。
提示：副作用 side effect。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
7 . Did you know it's possible to swim with whales in the ocean while lying on a hospital bed? Have you imagined experiencing your 74t birthday as a 20-something? Medical virtual（虚拟的）reality is an area with interesting and attractive possibilities. Although the field is brand new, there are already great examples of VR having a positive effect on health care. Here are some.
Have you ever lain down on a hospital bed counting the days until you leave the hospital? Brennan Spiegel and his team at the Cedars-Sinai hospital in Los Angeles introduced VR worlds to their patients to help them reduce stress and pain. With the special glasses, they could escape the four walls of the hospital and enjoy amazing scenery in Iceland, take part in the work of an art studio or swim together with whales in the ocean. So the hospital experience is improved.
As we know, the experience in a hospital is even more stressful for small children who miss their parents and friends. Now, a Dutch company made their dream possible. Through a smart phone and virtual glasses, VisitU makes live contact （实况联系） possible with a 360 degree camera at the patient's home, school or special occasions like a birthday celebration or a football game. Though staying in hospital, young patients can relax and still enjoy their lives.
Did you wonder what it feels like to grow old? Embodied Labs created "We Are Alfred" by using VR technology to show young medical students what ageing means. Everyone can be the imagined Alfred for 7 minutes, and experience what it feels like to live as a 74-year-old man. Thus it's possible to solve the disconnection between young doctors and elderly patients due to their huge age difference.
MindMotionPro, produced by the Swiss Mindmaze allows patients with a brain injury to "practice" how to lift their arms or move their fingers with the help of virtual reality. The app makes the practice of repetitive（重复的）movements fun for patients. The mental effort helps their damaged nervous systems to recover much faster than lying helplessly in bed.
1. What is implied in the questions raised in paragraph 1?| A．The characters of medical VR. | B．The function of medical VR. |
| C．The popularity of medical VR. | D．The imagination about medical VR. |
| A．Relaxing patients in hospital. | B．Improving the hospitals 'services. |
| C．Exposing patients to real life. | D．Making patients adapt to their surroundings. |
| A．Being given a smart phone. | B．Having fun in the hospital. |
| C．Having access to various activities. | D．Being together with familiar people. |
| A．Spiege's special glasses. |
| B．The application of VisitU. |
| C．The use of Mind MotionPro. |
| D．The creation of "We Are Alfred". |
8 . Being able to find high quality health care at an affordable price is an issue in many countries.
In the United States, Walmart, a large chain store, is trying to help. It is offering something new to its employees: cutting the cost of a doctor’s appointment to only $4.
The catch is that the patient and doctor must meet electronically -- over the Internet. This online service is called “telemedicine.”
Walmart is the latest major business in the United States to push its workers toward a high-tech way to be examined and treated by doctors. Thanks to telemedicine, people can talk with medical experts from the privacy of their own homes, often using a secure video connection.
Online visits make it easier for patients to see an expert or quickly find help for problems considered non-emergencies. Plus, it can cut down on the time away from work. But many people continue to go to the doctor’s office.
Some areas of healthcare seem like a good choice for telemedicine. Patients who have had medical treatments and cannot move around easily can use telemedicine for their follow-up visits. Also, people seeking help for mental health issues can benefit from the privacy that telemedicine gives.
But generally, Americans have been slow to try virtual（虚拟的） health care. The Associated Press (AP) reports that 80 percent of middle-sized and large U.S. companies offered telemedicine services to their workers in 2018. That is up from only 18 percent in 2014. However, the AP found that only 8 percent of employees used telemedicine at least once in 2017.
Compared with seeing a real doctor personally, some people may think the quality of telemedicine is not as good. Parents, for example, may feel they are not giving their child the best care if they use a virtual doctor appointment. Another reason some adults may not use telemedicine services is trust. Tom Hill, age 66, lives in the state of Indiana. Hill told the AP he has no plans to ever use telemedicine. He does not buy anything online, let alone do something as personal as seeing a doctor. He says, for him, it is important to look his doctor in the eye and shake hands.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 1 and 2?| A．Few can afford high quality health care. |
| B．Telemedicine is sure to be well-received. |
| C．Why Walmart is such a great success. |
| D．Quality health care is normally costly. |
| A．A busy employee. | B．A worried mother. |
| C．A retired worker. | D．A private physician. |
| A．High Quality Health Care at a Low Price |
| B．People Unsure about Virtual Doctor Visits |
| C．Telemedicine, a New Trend of Appointment |
| D．Visits to Doctors in Walmart in America |
9 . LONDON—A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them.
The device would identify users through an anal(肛门) scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype(原型).
“We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique,” said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. “The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that’s typically ignored,” Gambhir said. “Everyone uses the bathroom—there’s really no avoiding it—and that enhances its value as a disease-detecting device.”
A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their waste for signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300-person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be “somewhat” or “very” comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud-based system.
Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. “Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone,” said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London-based charity Privacy International. “Linking it to someone’s biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed.”
1. What does this smart toilet use to detect disease?| A．A smartwatch. | B．A seat. |
| C．A cloud-based system. | D．A camera. |
| A．They are widely accepted. |
| B．Gamhhir has confidence in their future. |
| C．Their function has been improved recently. |
| D．Signs of illness can he removed through them. |
| A．It needn’t be taken seriously. | B．It will be treated properly. |
| C．It may not be shared publicly. | D．It can be exposed illegally. |
| A．The use of a smart toilet | B．The value of a smart toilet |
| C．A smart toilet without privacy | D．A smart toilet with good intention |
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper. TCM
Westerners’ understanding of TCM, however, maybe limited to acupuncture (针灸), cupping (拔罐) and massage. As
Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup,
The herbs,
