LONDON—A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them.
The device would identify users through an anal(肛门) scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype(原型).
“We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique,” said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. “The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that’s typically ignored,” Gambhir said. “Everyone uses the bathroom—there’s really no avoiding it—and that enhances its value as a disease-detecting device.”
A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their waste for signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300-person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be “somewhat” or “very” comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud-based system.
Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. “Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone,” said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London-based charity Privacy International. “Linking it to someone’s biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed.”
1. What does this smart toilet use to detect disease?A.A smartwatch. | B.A seat. |
C.A cloud-based system. | D.A camera. |
A.They are widely accepted. |
B.Gamhhir has confidence in their future. |
C.Their function has been improved recently. |
D.Signs of illness can he removed through them. |
A.It needn’t be taken seriously. | B.It will be treated properly. |
C.It may not be shared publicly. | D.It can be exposed illegally. |
A.The use of a smart toilet | B.The value of a smart toilet |
C.A smart toilet without privacy | D.A smart toilet with good intention |
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【推荐1】Healthcare professionals in four Canadian provinces can now prescribe (开处方) their patients passes to National Parks thanks to a new program, PaRX, which stresses the health benefits of spending time in nature in helping to manage physical and mental health.
PaRx was founded by the B. C. Parks Foundation in November 2020 and was officially supported by Parks Canada last month. Health professionals who register (注册) with the program can offer their patients a Parks Canada Discovery Pass, making it the country’s “first national nature prescription program”. The Parks Discovery Pass typically costs about $57 per adult per year.
“We’re really asking doctors to prioritize patients who live close to Parks Canada sites so they’ll have more access and can make it part of their everyday lives, and also those for whom the cost of a pass might be a barrier to nature access,” said Melissa Lem, president-elect of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment.
Studies have shown that spending time in nature has a range of health benefits—from lowering blood pressure and improving heart health to reducing stress and anxiety. PaRx recommends that patients spend at least two hours per week in the great outdoors, and at least 20 minutes each time, to get the most benefit.
The program is currently available in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. It will eventually spread to every province.
PaRx also has benefits outside of the national parks, with many gardens offering free admission to visitors who show their prescriptions.
“There’s almost no medical condition that nature doesn’t make better. Rediscovering nature and then realizing how important it is to us has really shown that nature-health connection,” Lem said.
1. What do we know about the Parks Discovery Pass?A.It is low priced. | B.It is designed for poor families. |
C.It is well received. | D.It is owned by registered doctors. |
A.Improve its service quality. | B.Carry it out all over the country. |
C.Do further research on its effect. | D.Make it available free of charge. |
A.Nature matters a great deal to our health. |
B.Not all patients can get treated by doctors. |
C.People should learn to change their lifestyle. |
D.People should place health above everything. |
A.Canadians Are Living in Harmony with Nature |
B.Canadians Are Trying to Get Away from Hospitals |
C.Canadian Doctors Are Prescribing National Park Visits |
D.Canadian Doctors Are Leading the Way in Medical Research |
【推荐2】As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain, the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery, the violinist was moving her bow (琴弓) up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor (肿瘤). The King’s College hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact.
Turner, 53, learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner, so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play,” Keyoumars Ashkan, a doctor at King’s College Hospital, said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon, expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery, using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons are coming into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor tests to a patient’s particular needs.
1. What does the underlined word “intact”mean in the first paragraph?A.Strong. | B.Sound. |
C.Talented. | D.Influential. |
A.To keep her brain more active when she played the violin. |
B.To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely. |
C.To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely. |
D.To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain. |
A.Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery. |
B.Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery. |
C.A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before. |
D.Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping his brain. |
A.Musician joined in her own brain surgery |
B.Mapping a brain is realized after surgery |
C.The violinist suffers from a brain tumor |
D.Doctors perform surgery on a brain |
【推荐3】Head injuries typically come from trauma (创伤) caused by hard or sharp objects. The skull does not have to be broken, but can be. If the skull is soft when touched, or missing, the victim is likely to have an open or depressed skull fracture (骨折). If a skull fracture is suspected, call 911 immediately.
A closed head injury is an injury to the brain inside an undamaged skull. Injury to the brain causes swelling, which quickly increases the pressure within the skull. The increased pressure causes more damage to the brain, which causes more swelling, and so on.
Some types of closed head injury stop the cycle automatically, while others will continue to get worse until the victim dies. The only way to tell the difference is through a CT scan, which looks at the brain and the skull using X-rays.
In all cases of injury to the head and neck, it’s vital not to move the victim at will. Support his or her head in the position you found it. Backbones can be injured from movement of the head during trauma. Broken or displaced backbones can cut or put pressure on the nerves of the spinal cord, causing temporary or permanent inability to move and loss of feeling.
Vomiting (呕吐) can lead to problems with the victim's airway. If the victim begins vomiting and is unconscious, place the victim in the recovery position to let the vomit flow from the victim’s mouth.
It is a misunderstanding that head injury victims should be kept awake. If a victim of trauma to the head does not have any of the signs or symptoms (症状) of a closed head injury or skull fracture,there is no reason to keep him or her awake. Once asleep, wake the victim up about 30 minutes later to make sure he or she can be aroused. If you are unable to wake him or her up. Call 911 immediately.
1. What should we do when seeing a victim with a damaged skull?A.Call an ambulance right away. |
B.Cover him or her with a blanket first. |
C.Place him or her in a cool place as soon as possible. |
D.Put him or her in the recovery position immediately. |
A.It will cause a drop in the pressure within the skull. |
B.It is often accompanied by an open skull fracture. |
C.It will make the brain swell worse and worse. |
D.It can be of different types. |
A.cause them to vomit. | B.do further injuries to them. |
C.put great pressure on their skulls | D.lead to their permanent loss of memory |
A.Not all the head-injured people need to stay awake. |
B.Not all the vomiting stops naturally 30 minutes later. |
C.Not all the victims of trauma to the head will be sleepy. |
D.Not all the symptoms of closed head injury are noticeable |
【推荐1】Gitanjali Rao, Colorado teenager who invented mobile device to test for lead (铅) in drinking water, was Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award on Thursday, citing Rao’s ability to apply scientific ideas to real-world problems and her desire to motivate other kids to take up their own causes.
It was just the latest recognition for Rao, 15, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, by creating a device named Tehys, using carbon nanotube sensors to detect (探测) lead in water. The Lone Tree, Colo., native was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market.
More recently, Rao has developed a phone and Web tool named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying (网络欺凌).
“You type in a word or phrase, and it’s able to pick it up if it’s bullying, and it gives you the choice to edit it or send it the way it is,” Rao told Time. “The goal is not to punish people. As a teenager I know teenagers tend to become very angry sometimes. Instead, it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.”
Rao was chosen in part because of the way she has followed up her technical work with efforts to get other young people to work on solving the problems they see.
“I don’t look like your typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older, usually white man as a scientist,” she told Time. “My goal has really shifted, not only from creating my own devices to solve the world’s problems, but inspiring others to do the same as well. So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.”
1. What made Gitaniali Rao Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020?A.Her desire to guide other kids. |
B.Her invention of testing lead in water. |
C.Her idea of making devices commercial. |
D.Her excellent personal ability and desire to encourage other children. |
A.To make sure the security of the network. |
B.To punish teenagers’ wrong thoughts. |
C.To use artificial intelligence technology. |
D.To type a word or phrase on the Internet. |
A.A white man can work as a scientist. |
B.We ought to set a goal at an early age. |
C.We are supposed to inspire others to do the same. |
D.Everybody may succeed in solving world’s problems. |
A.Health. | B.Science. | C.People | D.Entertainment. |
【推荐2】Vinegar (醋) is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planet’s population survive climate change.
Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan have found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidops, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate (醋酸盐) — the main element of vinegar.
After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, and they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.
Jong Myong Kim, the co-author of the study, tells Popular Science that he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim says he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible.” Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method of applying this system, “he says.
And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.
1. What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis?A.It is mainly made up of acetate. |
B.It can be tolerant of drought. |
C.It can survive in nowhere but desert. |
D.It produces acetate in wet conditions. |
A.check the effectiveness of the acetate to resist drought. |
B.find a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers alive. |
C.stop watering them. |
D.treat the dried-up plants. |
A.Negative. |
B.Indifferent. |
C.Optimistic. |
D.Objective. |
A.Vinegar Keeps Plants Living Forever |
B.How to Survive Climate Change |
C.Vinegar May End Hunger |
D.Plants Need Water |
【推荐3】Artificial intelligence is being introduced to match NHS hospital patients with home carers, meaning they can be discharged (出院)five times faster than before.
The software, developed by the care provider Cera, contains a database of thousands of social care staff including their availability, location, specific qualifications and language. NHS staff uploads details of patients needing social care and within minutes, the software finds and notifies the most suitable people available via an app. Cera launched the AI tool last month in five NHS regions, covering a population of a million. Dr Ben Maruthappu, a former A&E doctor who is founder and CEO of Cera, said that the technology was a big leap forward in releasing and reducing NHS pressure by freeing beds.
He said, “Every day someone is in hospital when they could be home, which costs the NHS about £1,500. Patients want to be at home, not in a hospital bed. One of the reasons why they aren’t discharged in a timely way is that care providers aren’t able to organise the care quickly enough. Every day tens of thousands of patients need to be matched up with tens of thousands of carers.”
“Organising this carer-patient match just depending on people’s effort is a very complicated process, which is time-consuming and not efficient. Nonetheless, by using AI to tackle this issue, we can rapidly match carers to patients on the same day.”
The platform is being introduced at seven new “digital areas” run by Cera. It operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, unlike the current discharge system which often stops over weekends. Cera employs more than 10,000 staff, delivering 50,000 appointments a day.
The AI takes into account a patient’s specific needs. For example, if they have dementia or do not speak English, it matches them with the most suitable carer. It also schedules visits, aiming to ensure continuity of care, with patients seeing the same carer over and over.
1. What can we learn about the software from paragraph 2?A.It reduces patients’ pressure. |
B.It includes a million staff’s information. |
C.It requires patients to upload their private information. |
D.It possesses the capacity of matching patients and carers. |
A.The special requirements of patients. | B.The shortage of experienced carers. |
C.The insufficiency of care organization. | D.The lack of the advanced medical facilities. |
A.By giving definitions. | B.By presenting examples. |
C.By stating statistics. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.Patients Enjoy a Better Hospital Atmosphere |
B.Patients Go Home Sooner with Program to Find Care |
C.Patients Need More and More Suitable Care Staff Now |
D.Patients Receive Thoughtful Care by Artificial Intelligence |
【推荐1】A 12-year-old girl who had a feeling that she might be quite clever has taken a test and proved she was absolutely right.
After raising the idea with her parents and pestering (纠缠) them for the best part of a year, Lydia took the test in her summer holidays. It turns out the test wasn’t that hard after all.
“I was really nervous before the test and I thought it was going to be really hard. But as I started the test, I thought it was a bit easier than I thought it was going to be,” she said.
Lydia Sebastian achieved the top score of 162 on Mensa’s Cattell Ⅲ B paper, showing she has a higher IQ than wellknown geniuses Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. The comparison doesn’t sit well with the British student, who’s currently in Year 8 at a selective girl’s grammar school in Essex, England.
“I don’t think I can be compared to such great intellectuals as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. They’ve achieved so much. I don’t think it’s right,” Lydia told CNN.
To explain Lydia’s mark’s level, the top adult score in the Cattell Ⅲ B test, which mainly tests verbal (语言) reasoning, is 161. A top 2% score—which allows entry to Mensa, the club for those with high IQs—would be 148 or over. Lydia scored 162, placing her in the top 1% of the population.
Lydia’s not quite sure what she wants to do when she leaves school, although she’s leaning toward something “based around Maths, because it’s one of my favorite subjects.” “All I’m going to do is work as hard as I can, and see where that gets me,” she said.
1. Lydia wanted to have an IQ test because .A.she felt that she might have a high IQ |
B.the grammar school advised her to do so |
C.all people around thought that she was smart |
D.her parents strongly wanted her to do so |
A.Be satisfied with. | B.Be refused by. |
C.Be related to. | D.Be accepted by. |
A.She is quite sure about what to do in the future. |
B.She will drop out of the grammar school. |
C.She has a tendency to focus around Maths. |
D.She doesn’t have to work hard with her high IQ. |
A.Only adults with high IQs can enter Mensa. |
B.Mensa is a club for those with high IQs at least 148. |
C.No one has achieved a higher IQ than Lydia. |
D.Whoever has a high IQ can enter Mensa. |
【推荐2】This year’s World Artificial Intelligence Conference raised the curtain in Shanghai. The latest artificial intelligence technologies and their applications aimed at making people’s lives smarter and better are displayed at this year’s event. Chinese tech giants, including Huawei, Tencent and Baidu, are showing how AI can help with urban digitalization (数字化) transformation. Let’s take a look at what they say at the exhibition.
Ma Huateng, chairman and CEO of Tencent
A plan to explore the stars will be jointly released by Tencent and the National Astronomical Observatories, said Ma. AI technology is expected to be used in exploration of the universe, after having been applied in medical treatment, urban governance and contactless service in the past year and facilitating people’s lives, according to Ma.
Li Yanhong, chairman and CEO of Baidu Inc
Artificial intelligence will influence the development of human society in the next 40 years, said Li Yanhong, chairman and CEO of Baidu Inc. Technology can be more valuable and meaningful only when it serves the people and society. The purpose of using artificial intelligence is not to replace human beings. The development of human society was mainly built on energy consumption (消耗) in the past few hundred years. In the future, technology can support low carbon development for humans.
Dong Mingzhu, chairwoman of Gree Electric Appliances
In the digital age, global consumers will love products manufactured in China, said Dong Mingzhu, chairwoman of Gree Electric Appliances. Artificial intelligence empowers manufacturing industry and the Internet and big data have transformed Gree, improving the company’s R&D capability. Technology plays a very important and positive role when different devices interact with each other. Everyone should keep up with the pace of the new era, where digitalization covers the needs of diversified fields. If the industry is digitalized, it will develop at leapfrog speed. China’s manufacturing industry will make the world love Made in China products in the digital age.
1. What do the exhibits at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference have in common?A.They are all costly. |
B.They are all from Tencent. |
C.They are all smart phone applications. |
D.They are all intended to make people’s life smarter. |
A.city management | B.health care |
C.exploration of the universe | D.contactless interaction |
A.To replace human beings. |
B.To promote social development with less energy consumed. |
C.To serve people in the next 40 years. |
D.To consume more energy. |
【推荐3】Marcelo Toledo usually creates works of art out of metal. Now the Argentine artist is working with a new material: waste masks from the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) to create an exhibition exploring the painful impact of the virus.
Toledo, who has made decorations for the musical “Evita” on Broadway, was among the first in Argentina to be infected by COVID-19, which left him hospitalized for eight days. The experience led to a series of artworks, including a 14-meter mask with the Argentine flag that he placed on the famous Obelisk in Buenos Aires to raise awareness about organ donation during the pandemic.
For his new exhibition, the “Museum of the After,” Toledo is collecting recycled coronavirus waste sent by hospitals, laboratories and random people, including old medical parts and newspapers about the pandemic.
“I am excited to be able to transform pain into beauty and this. exhibition is just recording everything that is happening to us as a society,” Toledo said. The artworks, which will go on show from September in a public space in downtown Buenos Aires, will all be made from waste materials or garbage that people send him. “It is the first time that I have done an exhibition in which I do not have to buy any of the elements,” he said.
In the exhibition there will be a real ship that will symbolically cross a “storm” and recycling islands to raise awareness about the importance of caring for the environment. “The exhibition will tell the story of this ship that went on sailing after the storm, which is a great metaphor (隐喻) for what is happening to us. This pandemic is a great global storm,” Toledo said.
As with the huge mask, which was replicated (复制) in countries such as the United States and Japan, the artist dreams of replicating the new exhibition in other cities around the world.
1. What inspired Toledo to make the 14-meter mask?A.His-hospital stay. | B.His fear of COVID-19. |
C.His Broadway experiences. | D.His research on organ donation. |
A.They were exhibited. in hospitals. | B.They were produced in public places. |
C.They were created by random people. | D.They were made out of used things. |
A.Our awareness of environmental protection is improving. |
B.We should make every effort to defeat the pandemic. |
C.Our irresponsible behavior leads to natural disasters. |
D.We suffer a lot from the COVID-19 pandemic. |
A.Make more huge masks. |
B.Host exhibitions on different themes. |
C.Reproduce his exhibition in other places. |
D.Collect exhibition elements from around the world. |