| A．A teacher. | B．A doctor. | C．A driver. |
内容包括：中医药概况（历史悠久，疗效好），特别是中医药相对西药的突出优点（如价格便宜，副作用小）。
提示：副作用 side effect。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
3 . China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies (哲学).
The core behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence (结果) of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.
One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial (表面的) structures of the body—usually at acupoints (穴位)—to restore the Yin Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.
The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.
Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020.
1. What is the key feature of TCM?| A．It adopts different medical approaches. | B．It's based on ancient Chinese philosophies. |
| C．It helps to restore body's self-balance. | D．It's gained experience through rich practice. |
| A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion. |
| B．It's a foundation of world medical research. |
| C．it stresses the importance of using acupoints. |
| D．It greatly contributes to the development of TCM. |
| A．To review the development of TCM. | B．To introduce TCM to the world. |
| C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart. | D．To argue for TCM in fighting COVID-19. |
| A．How TCM helps in the current situation. | B．Why TCM is gaining popularity. |
| C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO. | D．How other countries adopt TCM. |
4 . Flu vaccines (疫苗) work by arming the immune system with an enhanced ability to recognize and fight off the flu virus.Vaccines introduce proteins found on the surface of fu viruses，causing the immune system to produce antibodies that are ready to react when the virus attack.
However, flu viruses change frequently and can differ with time and from region to region.Even though current vaccines that people get annually produce antibody responses, these antibodies don‘t cross-protect. If thereis a new flu strain (流感病毒毒株) not found in that year’s vaccine, the antibodies that we generated last year won’t be able to protect us. So the pandemic(大流行) happens.On the other hand, if the vaccine matches the virus strain, the immune system will produce antibodies and kill the flu virus.
Luckily, in a study published in Cell Reports Medicine,scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madisondescribe a T-cell-based vaccine strategy that is effective against multiple strains of flu virus. The experimental vaccine, given through the nose, delivered long-lasting protection in the lungs of mice by using T-cels, which are special white blood cells that quickly remove viral invaders through an immune response.
The research suggests a potential strategy for developing a universal flu vaccine, "so you don’t have to make a new vaccine every year," explains Marulalsiddappa Suresh, a professor in the School of Veterinary Medicinewho led the research. The current flu vaccine has a serious weakness. Because each vaccine is only designed to resist one kind of virus strain. Once the virus changes, it could lead to a wide outbreak of flu.
By using T-cell immunity against multiple strains,it may be possible to develop a vaccine that is effective against a number of circulating flu viruses. In particular,the new approach calls into action tissue-residentmemory T-cells, or TRM cells，which live in the airways and lining of lung epithelial (表膜的) cells and fightinvading viruses. Like highly-trained soldiers，TRM cells serve as front line defense against infection. This undoubtedly gives a totally new way to fight the flu virus.
1. Why do flu pandemics break out occasionally even if vaccines are given?| A．Because vaccines lose their expected effects. |
| B．Because the flu strains reproduce very quickly. |
| C．Because the strains have resistance to vaccines. |
| D．Because vaccines don't work against new strains. |
| A．They are in charge of generating viruses. |
| B．They can protect white blood cells very well. |
| C．They kill viral invaders automatically. |
| D．They can generate white blood cells. |
| A．It will fundamentally stop the formation of new cold viruses. |
| B．It will cut off the ability of the flu virus to spread. |
| C．It points out the direction of developing a universal flu vaccine. |
| D．It enables humans to get rid of the common cold completely. |
| A．New Vaccine Strategy to Provide Protection Against Flu |
| B．New Immune System Intended for Fighting the Flu |
| C．New "Vaccine Based on T-cells Successfully Kills the Flu Virus |
| D．Serious Weakness of the Current Flu Vaccine Found |
1. What is the woman doing now?
| A．Working at a clinic. |
| B．Shopping in a supermarket. |
| C．Buying medicines in a drug store. |
| A．Before going to bed. | B．After meals. | C．At noon. |
| A．Having a meal. | B．Taking a walk, | C．Driving a car. |
| A．By card・ | B．In cash. | C．By E-payment. |
要点：1. 简要介绍中医文化；
2. 推荐央视《中华医药》 (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 栏目。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 结束语已为你写好，不计入词中。
参考词汇：中医/中医文化：TCM = Traditional Chinese Medicine
央视网址：www. cctv.com.
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
7 . On September 11,2001, Tom Frey reported to duty as a detective for the New York Police Department. However, he was assigned to work for
In February 2016, after routine check-up and
Frey began
| A．training | B．research | C．rescue | D．treatment |
| A．terrible | B．peaceful | C．important | D．amazing |
| A．improved | B．changed | C．ended | D．remained |
| A．perfectly | B．continuously | C．accurately | D．occasionally |
| A．heart | B．lung | C．muscle | D．blood |
| A．invitation | B．reward | C．call | D．letter |
| A．interviewing | B．testing | C．questioning | D．arguing |
| A．common | B．strange | C．rare | D．impossible |
| A．taken out | B．taken in | C．broken down | D．broken up |
| A．cutting | B．building | C．loading | D．surfing |
| A．reduced | B．forced | C．led | D．followed |
| A．progress | B．difference | C．decisions | D．choices |
| A．reduction | B．chaos | C．sight | D．reality |
| A．suitable | B．grateful | C．determined | D．reliable |
| A．dreaming | B．worrying | C．living | D．suffering |
| A．reporter | B．nurse | C．doctor | D．policeman |
| A．replace | B．cure | C．survive | D．encourage |
| A．satisfy | B．offer | C．consult | D．affect |
| A．going through | B．working on | C．talking about | D．looking into |
| A．health | B．harmony | C．happiness | D．hope |
8 . Twenty minutes isn't even enough time to catch a lecture of The Big Bang Theory. Yet for many people, that’s the amount of face time they'll get with their doctors all year.
What happens if I don't take the medicine?
Many patients feel medicine should be taken when they're obviously sick, and skip it when they feel they have recovered. But some conditions take months or even years to be completely removed. In such case, even if you don't have symptoms, don't skip medicine.
Does the medicine interact with my supplements (增补物)?
Many patients assume that supplements like vitamins or herbs are helpful and won't interact with their medicine. That's a dangerous assumption. There're many drug interactions with herbs and nutrients.
What changes can I make to improve my condition?
Diet, exercise, sleep, and stress are all huge elements that impact health and are all completely under a patient's control.
Your treatment can be a journey, and you should know what kinds of signposts (路标) to look for-good and bad. Being aware of potential challenges, side effects, and failure rates can help you prepare for issues and important improvements: you and your doctor can come up with ways to deal with both.
| A．And some can be deadly. |
| B．Why should I have to deal with the health issues? |
| C．In many cases, drugs and medicine may be necessary. |
| D．What kind of improvements and problems should I expect? |
| E．Instead, take it regularly so that it can have its intended effect. |
| F．In your next checkup, instead, be prepared for the twenty minutes. |
| G．That's why it makes sense to make full use of that precious period. |
9 . A few years ago, a doctor gave a wrong prescription to a 9-year-old boy because he had accidentally clicked the next medicine listed in the drop-down menu. Unfortunately, the boy died.
Dr. Gidi Stein heard the story and felt forced to do something. “It was like killing someone with a spelling error. He just clicked on the wrong button…Stein said. “One would have thought there’d be some kind of spell-checker to prevent these terrible things from happening. But apparently this is not the case.”
Several things were immediately obvious to the 54-year-old Stein, who had previously studied computer science. “If you look at this problem from a bird’s eye view, there were so many places down the line where this decision could have been stopped-from the physician to the pharmacy (药房) even to the mother. All of them had all the relevant information to have the judgment that this was just the wrong drug for the wrong patient. For Stein, it represented a systematic failure.
Stein compared this with credit cards. “If you use your credit card in the daily routine over time, a pattern emerges of how we use our cards : the grocery store, the gas station in our local town. If your credit card would appear tomorrow in Zimbabwe, it would be unusual. The credit card company would call you and say, “‘Hey, was that you?’”
But nothing like that existed in the field of prescription drugs. So Stein set up a company called MedAware. He came up with a machine learning outliner detection system. In other words, he trained the computers to realize if a doctor accidentally prescribed the wrong medicine.
The system is already used in hospitals and doctor5 s offices. To date, MedAware has used their technology to help nearly six million patients in the United States and Israel.
1. What caused the boy’s death?| A．The doctor’s carelessness. | B．The doctor’s poor medical skill. |
| C．The failure of the computer. | D．The incomplete health care system. |
| A．He was annoyed and put the blame on the doctor only. |
| B．He was regretful and tried to prevent similar accidents happening. |
| C．He was embarrassed and mistook it as a systematic failure. |
| D．He was confused and detected the mistakes in prescriptions himself. |
| A．Credit cards are available for doctors’ prescriptions. |
| B．Instructions in using credit cards are offered to users. |
| C．The boy might have been saved with the technology like credit cards. |
| D．MedAware’s technology will benefit the patients in Zimbabwe. |
| A．MedAware’s technology helps doctors choose right medicine |
| B．MedAware’s technology checks the prescriptions doctors make out |
| C．Medical industry worldwide has enjoyed MedAware’s technology |
| D．The boy? s mother was not to blame for his death during the accident |
Wilderness Therapy
When most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy – someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.
When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.
While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.
Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.
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