Wilderness Therapy
When most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy – someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.
When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.
While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.
Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.
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2 . For the first time, the World Health Organization has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical compendium(手册), according to an international science journal.
An article published by Nature on Wednesday said that TCM will be included in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)set to be released next year. Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been improved and published in a series of editions,reflecting the advances in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.
The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project's experts from around the world. These experts had been working on traditional medicine research and practices for years.
China has been promoting the modernization of TCM and pushing for TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.
Though the application of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture(针灸) and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there's still a shortage of global classification and terminology(术语) tools for traditional medicine, according to officials of the WHO.
“The decision is to promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products, practitioners and practice into health systems, where appropriate," the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.
1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?| A．It has included TCM this year. |
| B．It has a history of over 300 years. |
| C．It is published in various languages. |
| D．It provides standards for diseases worldwide. |
| A．To imply the worldwide popularity of TCM. |
| B．To prove TCM's gaining worldwide acceptance |
| C．To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field. |
| D．To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize for their contribution. |
| A．The classification of TCM. |
| B．The standard of TCM terms. |
| C．The official promotion of TCM. |
| D．The use of traditional Chinese medicine |
| A．Lifestyle. | B．Opinion |
| C．Health. | D．Tech |
1. What seems to be the man’s problem?
| A．He doesn’t seep well. | B．He has no more pills. | C．He can’t focus properly. |
| A．Stay home from work. | B．Have a check-up. | C．Stop feeling anxious. |
1. What's the trouble with the man?
| A．He has put on some weight. |
| B．He has a sleep disorder. |
| C．He feels tired easily. |
| A．About twenty days. | B．About a month. | C．About five weeks. |
| A．Because he was often absent from work. |
| B．Because he was found sleeping at a meeting. |
| C．Because his boss didn't sleep well before a meeting. |
| A．A chest X-ray. | B．A brain scan. | C．A blood test. |
5 . Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging.
Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety or depression, can make a person more forgetful. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried.
The confusion and forgetfulness caused by emotions are usually temporary and go away when the feelings fade. The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family.
If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor.
| A．Consider participating in clinical trials or studies. |
| B．It’s advisable to have health issues treated in time. |
| C．He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist. |
| D．But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor. |
| E．Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable. |
| F．As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain. |
| G．Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful. |
| A．Give Tom some medicine. |
| B．Take Tom’s temperature. |
| C．Have a look at Tom’s mouth. |
Leeches as Medical Treatment
Leeches are small wormlike creatures that live in water and suck the blood of animals and humans. In the past, though, leeches were commonly used in medicine. Then advances in science led to other kinds of treatments, and leeches disappeared from the sick room. Now, however, they are making a comeback.
The use of leeches in medicine goes back at least 2,500 years. Doctors used them to treat the sick in ancient Egypt, India, Persia, and Greece. It was believed in those days that taking blood from patients helped to bring their bodies back into balance. This belief and the practice of draining blood with leeches continued through the ages.
Another use of leeches has been investigated by a team of German doctors who study the ability of leeches to reduce pain. Their patients suffer from arthritis, a painful joint disease that often affects knees, shoulders, or fingers. When the German doctors put leeches on the arthritic knees of their patients, almost all of them felt immediate relief from the pain. Most of the patients continued to be pain-free for over a month and some for as long as six months.
Leeches have also proved indirectly useful in treating patients with heart and blood diseases. Since the 1880s, researchers have understood that certain chemicals in. leeches prevent blood from clotting or becoming hard. Many people with heart or blood problems live with a serious risk of the formation of blood clots, which can travel through the blood to the heart or brain and cause death. In the 1950s, a scientist identified the chemical in a leech that prevents clotting. Later studies led to experiments with the chemical and the development of a drug that thins the blood of patients who are at risk for blood clots.
Though doctors today do not view the use of leeches as the all-purpose treatment it once was, they now see that for certain problems, this ancient remedy may be valid after all.
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8 . A team of Israeli scientists “printed” a heart with a patient’s own cells (细胞) first in the world, researchers say.
Past researchers had been able to print simple tissues (生物组织) without blood vessels (血管), the team said. The new development is the first time “anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart filled with cells, blood vessels and so on,” Tal Dvir of Tel Aviv University told The Jerusalem Post.
Dvir and his team reported the findings Monday in Advanced Science. The heart, about the size of a rabbit’s, is too small for a human, but the process used to create it shows the potential for one day being able to 3D-print pieces and maybe full transplants (移植), the team said. Because the heart is made from the patient’s own biological material, it reduces the chance that the transplant would fail, according to the research paper. The team used fatty tissues, then separated and “reprogrammed” the materials. The cells that become heart cells were then created.
The development is being praised as a “major breakthrough” in medicine and one that could help battle heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medicines to prevent their side effects,” Tel Aviv University said in a statement. “Instead, the needed hearts, lungs etc. will be printed, fully personalized for every patient.” The research is still a long way off from clearing the way to transplant the 3D-printed hearts into humans, the team says.
Dvir told the news organization Bloomberg that the heart the team printed will need another month before cells develop full to beat. Tests on animals would need to be done before the technology could be tried in humans, he added. It would take a whole day and billions, rather than millions, of cells to print a human heart, Dvir told Bloomberg.
But Dvir remains hopeful. “Maybe, in 10 years, such printers will be seen and used in the finest hospitals around the world,” he told The Times of Israel.
1. Why is the heart transplant less likely to fail?| A．Because the number of heart donators has been increasing. |
| B．Because the transplant technology has been improved. |
| C．Because the heart is created with the receiver’s own cells. |
| D．Because every hospital has easy access to such printers. |
| A．This heart can be transplanted into humans immediately. |
| B．This heart has been printed just for rabbits due to the size. |
| C．It made heart transplant much less difficult than before. |
| D．The new technology hasn’t gained much praise in medicine. |
| A．positive | B．worried | C．doubtful | D．unclear |
| A．The personalized heart transplant. |
| B．Heart 3D-printed using human cells. |
| C．A scientist discovering a new technology. |
| D．Heart disease, the leading cause of death. |
9 . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) isn’t supported by most Westerners. However, this is starting to change.
TCM will be included in the new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which will be published by the World Health Organization in 2019, Nature magazine reported.
This is the first time for TCM to be included in the ICD, which serves as “the international standard for diseases and health conditions,” according to China Daily.
Ryan Abbott at the Center for East-West Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, US, said this could benefit TCM.
The inclusion of TCM in the ICD “is a mainstream acceptance that will have significant influence around the world”, Abbott told Nature.
TCM has seen some growth in other countries, with a number of famous people being known to use it. For example, during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, US swimmer Michael Phelps was seen with circular bruises (青肿) on his body. Such bruises are caused by cupping (拔火罐), a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.
In 2015, Chinese scientist TuYouyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug that can cure malaria (疟疾). She said she was inspired by traditional Chinese medicine.
TCM still faces many challenges, such as a lack of clinical evidence as to precisely how it works, according to China Daily. “Not matched to several Western testing standards, TCM’s effectiveness has been difficult to study or provide evidence for,” according to CNN.
Some say that TCM should be combined with modern scientific methods to make it more acceptable to people outside of China.
“Tried and tested over thousands of years, the effectiveness of TCM is clear,” Lu Chuanjian, vice-president of the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, told China Daily.
“Now we need to use modern technology and ways of thinking to explain to the world how TCM works on specific diseases and to prove that it can cure diseases,” Lu added.
1. What does the underlined word “which” refer to?| A．TCM. | B．ICD. |
| C．World Health Organization. | D．Center for East-West Medicine. |
| A．TCM has gained world popularity. |
| B．TCM is the mainstream treatment around the world. |
| C．TCM has a long history. |
| D．TCM is being gradually accepted by the world. |
| A．it lacks enough clinical cases to support TCM is effective |
| B．modern scientific methods are combined into TCM’s study |
| C．TCM’s effectiveness is hard to match Western testing standards |
| D．there is still no evidence to explain how precisely TCM works |
| A．TCM Is Gaining New Global Acceptance |
| B．WHO Will Publish New TCM Standards |
| C．TCM Still Lacks Clinical Evidence |
| D．TCM Practice Cures Michael Phelps |
10 . Lisinopril
What is lisinopril? Lisinopril is a medicine to treat high blood pressure. This medicine is only available on prescription. It comes as tablets. It also comes as a liquid for people who find it hard to swallow tablets, but this has to be ordered specially by your doctor.
Important information
To make sure lisinopril is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
● Heart, liver or kidney problems
● Diabetes (糖尿病)
● Higher levels of potassium (钾) in your blood
Women who are pregnant can’t take the medicine. It could harm the unborn baby.
How should I take lisinopril?
● Take lisinopril exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may sometimes change your dose (剂量) to make sure you get the best results.
● Drink plenty of water each day while you are taking this medicine.
● Lisinopril can be taken with or without food.
● Your blood pressure needs to be checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests.
What if I forget to take it?
If you miss a dose of lisinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If you don’t remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one. If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you.
What should I avoid while taking lisinopril?
● Avoid drinking alcohol, because it can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of lisinopril.
● Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.
1. What do we know about lisinopril?| A．It comes in liquid form. | B．It must be taken with food. |
| C．It can be used to treat diabetes. | D．It is harmful to pregnant women. |
| A．Visit a doctor on a daily basis. | B．Live on a mainly vegetarian diet. |
| C．Do enough physical exercise daily. | D．Have frequent blood pressure tests. |
| A．Take your next dose on time. | B．Skip the following doses for days. |
| C．Take a dose as soon as you remember. | D．Have more when taking your next dose. |
